Phlebotomy Certification
Triglycerides
Fatty acids and glycerol that circulate in the blood and are stored as body fat
CLIA 1988 Clinical Lab Improvement Amendments of 1988
Federal guidelines that regulate all labs across the US
Amniotic fluid
Fluid that bathes the fetus within the amniotic sac
Peritoneal fluid
From the abdominal cavity
Buccal swab
From the cheek
Pericardial fluid
From the heart cavity
Pleural fluid
From the lung cavity
HDL (high density lipoprotein)
Has Increased blood values protect the patient from heart disease.
Polycythemia
High RBC
Arteries
Highly oxygenated vessels that carry blood away from the heart
2 minutes
How long does the IV need to be shut down for before drawing blood?
Decreased loss of gasses from specimen
If blood gas cannot be analyzed in 30 mins, why use ice water?
Acute care
In a hospital setting
Nephritis
Increased creatinine levels are associated with:
Osteomyelitis
Inflammation of the bone
Battery
Intentional touching without consent
CPD - citrate phosphate dextrose
Anticoagulant additive used for specimens collected for blood donation
Turbid serum
Appears cloudy or milky from fatty foods
diabetes mellitus
A chronic disease in which the pancreas cannot produce enough insulin or cannot use the insulin that it produces
Anemia
A reduction In hemoglobin, lowering the oxygen carrying capacity of blood cells. Low iron
aneurysm
A weakened area of the blood vessel wall
Diabetes
Abnormal glucose level
Fasting
Abstinence from food or beverage
Chlorhexidine
Alternative to alcohol or iodine
ACD acid citrate dextrose
An additive commonly used in blood donation specimens to prevent clotting. RBCs maintain their oxygen carrying capacity
LDL (low density lipoprotein)
Bad cholesterol. High values are linked to heart disease
16-18 gauge
Best needle for blood donations
21 ga or gray
Best needle for obese patients
Cephalic
Best vein for obese patients
Median cubical
Best vein for venipuncture because it is the largest & best anchored
hemostasis
Blood clotting at the site of an injury while maintaining blood flow to the body
Diastole
Blood pressure decreases
Systole
Blood pressure increases
Feathered
Blood smear should have what type of appearance?
Vein
Carries blood toward the heart
Iatrogenic anemia
Caused by large amounts of blood loss due to specimen collection
Anabolism
Cells make complex compounds from simpler ones. It allows the synthesis of body fluids. Eg. sweat, tears, saliva
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
Clear, plasma like fluid that circulates around the outside of the brain, in cavities within the brain & in the space surrounding the spinal cord
Light Blue Tube
Contains Sodium Citrate. Used in Coagulation dept. Tests for PT, PTT, Fibrinogen, clotting factors
Lavender tube
Contains liquid EDTA - whole blood hematology and routine immunohematology testing and blood donor screening
Hemoconcentration
Decrease in plasma volume with increased concentration of cells & larger molecules
Creatinine clearance test
Determines the ability of kidneys to remove creatinine from the blood
All of the above
Difficult vein strategy
Adrenals
Endocrine glands that produce hormones as a result of emotional changes. Causes an increase in blood pressure, widened pupils & heart stimulation
Differential (diff)
Enumerates & categorizes WBCs & any abnormalities present
Leukemia
Excessive WBC production
Administrative Law
Law initiated by the executive branch of government
Serum
Liquid portion of a blood specimen without a coagulant
Serum
Liquid portion of a clot
Plasma
Liquid portion of blood & lymph
ABGs Arterial Blood Gases
Measures oxygen & carbon dioxide in the blood. For respiratory status / pulmonary disorders
Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
Measures the amount of urea in the blood
venipuncture
Method used when collecting blood specimens for blood cultures
Prothrombin time (PT)
Monitoring blood coagulation
Bioethics
Moral issues dealing with human life and death
elevated glucose
Not an explanation for turbid serum...
Hypoxia
Oxygen deficiency
BUN (blood urea nitrogen)
Procedure to determine the amount of urea in the blood
Creations clearance test
Procedure to determine whether or not the kidneys are able to remove creations from the blood
Suprapubic aspiration & catheterization
Procedure to obtain in contaminated bladder urine
Routine analysis
Provides a useful indication of body health
autologous transfusion
Pt donates their own blood to use later.
Delta checks
Quality control that allows for detection of clinically significant changes in lab results
CLSI Clinical Laboratory Standards institute
Recommends quality standards & guidelines for clinical lab procedures
Eruthrocytes
Red blood cells
Palpitation
Relates to a fast or irregular heartbeat
Basal state
Resting metabolic state of the body early in the morning after a 12-hour fast
Ambulatory care
Services provided in an outpatient or nonhospital setting
Nerve damage
Sharp painful tingling sensation to the hand
Red tube
Silicone coated / clot activator For serum determinations, routine donor screening diagnostic testing of serum for infectious disease
petechiae
Small red smooth spots on the skin from blood that has escaped into epithelium
Gray tube
Sodium fluoride / for glucose determinations
Green tube
Sodium heparin / lithium heparin For plasma determinations in chemistry
Thrombosis
Solid masses residing in blood vessels
Analytes
Substance being analyzed
anticoagulant
Substance used to prevent clotting
Mastectomy
Surgical removal of the breast
Synovial fluid
Surrounds joints as a filtrate of blood plasma & hyaluronic acid produced by the surrounding joint tissue cells
Edema
Swelling; the accumulation of fluids
Blood cultures
Test that aid in identifying the specific bacterial organism causing infections in the blood
septicemia
The presence of pathogens in the blood stream. Also called Food Poisoning
Ethics
The principles of right and wrong that guide an individual in making decisions. Moral consequences of human action
TAT -Turnaround time
Time taken for specimen to be ordered, collected, transported, processed, analyzed & a result reported
Capillaries
Tiny microscopic vessels that connect or link arteries
Palpation
Touching or feeling a vein
heart damage
Troponin tests are used to assess?
Tan tube
Tube used to test for lead
Citrates
Type of anticoagulant additive; prevents blood clotting sequence by removing calcium & forming calcium salts
30-60 minutes
Wait time for serum specimen to clot
30 or less
What angle should the needle be inserted at?
Homeostasis
When RBCs break apart & are destroyed
Cytology
When body cells are studied to detect various diseases, including inflammatory diseases & cancer
3rd & 4th
Which fingers are used for skin puncture?
sodium citrate
Which specimen collection tube is commonly used for hemostasis test?
SPS Sodium Polyanethole Sulfonate
Yellow topped evacuation tube for blood cultures
Catabolism
breakdown of more complex substances into simpler ones with release of energy
FUO
fevers of unknown origin
Aerobic
microorganisms which require oxygen
Bacteremia
presence of bacteria in the blood
circadian rhythm
the daily biological rhythms that occur in a 24-hour period