Phlebotomy Certification

Triglycerides

Fatty acids and glycerol that circulate in the blood and are stored as body fat

CLIA 1988 Clinical Lab Improvement Amendments of 1988

Federal guidelines that regulate all labs across the US

Amniotic fluid

Fluid that bathes the fetus within the amniotic sac

Peritoneal fluid

From the abdominal cavity

Buccal swab

From the cheek

Pericardial fluid

From the heart cavity

Pleural fluid

From the lung cavity

HDL (high density lipoprotein)

Has Increased blood values protect the patient from heart disease.

Polycythemia

High RBC

Arteries

Highly oxygenated vessels that carry blood away from the heart

2 minutes

How long does the IV need to be shut down for before drawing blood?

Decreased loss of gasses from specimen

If blood gas cannot be analyzed in 30 mins, why use ice water?

Acute care

In a hospital setting

Nephritis

Increased creatinine levels are associated with:

Osteomyelitis

Inflammation of the bone

Battery

Intentional touching without consent

CPD - citrate phosphate dextrose

Anticoagulant additive used for specimens collected for blood donation

Turbid serum

Appears cloudy or milky from fatty foods

diabetes mellitus

A chronic disease in which the pancreas cannot produce enough insulin or cannot use the insulin that it produces

Anemia

A reduction In hemoglobin, lowering the oxygen carrying capacity of blood cells. Low iron

aneurysm

A weakened area of the blood vessel wall

Diabetes

Abnormal glucose level

Fasting

Abstinence from food or beverage

Chlorhexidine

Alternative to alcohol or iodine

ACD acid citrate dextrose

An additive commonly used in blood donation specimens to prevent clotting. RBCs maintain their oxygen carrying capacity

LDL (low density lipoprotein)

Bad cholesterol. High values are linked to heart disease

16-18 gauge

Best needle for blood donations

21 ga or gray

Best needle for obese patients

Cephalic

Best vein for obese patients

Median cubical

Best vein for venipuncture because it is the largest & best anchored

hemostasis

Blood clotting at the site of an injury while maintaining blood flow to the body

Diastole

Blood pressure decreases

Systole

Blood pressure increases

Feathered

Blood smear should have what type of appearance?

Vein

Carries blood toward the heart

Iatrogenic anemia

Caused by large amounts of blood loss due to specimen collection

Anabolism

Cells make complex compounds from simpler ones. It allows the synthesis of body fluids. Eg. sweat, tears, saliva

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

Clear, plasma like fluid that circulates around the outside of the brain, in cavities within the brain & in the space surrounding the spinal cord

Light Blue Tube

Contains Sodium Citrate. Used in Coagulation dept. Tests for PT, PTT, Fibrinogen, clotting factors

Lavender tube

Contains liquid EDTA - whole blood hematology and routine immunohematology testing and blood donor screening

Hemoconcentration

Decrease in plasma volume with increased concentration of cells & larger molecules

Creatinine clearance test

Determines the ability of kidneys to remove creatinine from the blood

All of the above

Difficult vein strategy

Adrenals

Endocrine glands that produce hormones as a result of emotional changes. Causes an increase in blood pressure, widened pupils & heart stimulation

Differential (diff)

Enumerates & categorizes WBCs & any abnormalities present

Leukemia

Excessive WBC production

Administrative Law

Law initiated by the executive branch of government

Serum

Liquid portion of a blood specimen without a coagulant

Serum

Liquid portion of a clot

Plasma

Liquid portion of blood & lymph

ABGs Arterial Blood Gases

Measures oxygen & carbon dioxide in the blood. For respiratory status / pulmonary disorders

Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)

Measures the amount of urea in the blood

venipuncture

Method used when collecting blood specimens for blood cultures

Prothrombin time (PT)

Monitoring blood coagulation

Bioethics

Moral issues dealing with human life and death

elevated glucose

Not an explanation for turbid serum...

Hypoxia

Oxygen deficiency

BUN (blood urea nitrogen)

Procedure to determine the amount of urea in the blood

Creations clearance test

Procedure to determine whether or not the kidneys are able to remove creations from the blood

Suprapubic aspiration & catheterization

Procedure to obtain in contaminated bladder urine

Routine analysis

Provides a useful indication of body health

autologous transfusion

Pt donates their own blood to use later.

Delta checks

Quality control that allows for detection of clinically significant changes in lab results

CLSI Clinical Laboratory Standards institute

Recommends quality standards & guidelines for clinical lab procedures

Eruthrocytes

Red blood cells

Palpitation

Relates to a fast or irregular heartbeat

Basal state

Resting metabolic state of the body early in the morning after a 12-hour fast

Ambulatory care

Services provided in an outpatient or nonhospital setting

Nerve damage

Sharp painful tingling sensation to the hand

Red tube

Silicone coated / clot activator For serum determinations, routine donor screening diagnostic testing of serum for infectious disease

petechiae

Small red smooth spots on the skin from blood that has escaped into epithelium

Gray tube

Sodium fluoride / for glucose determinations

Green tube

Sodium heparin / lithium heparin For plasma determinations in chemistry

Thrombosis

Solid masses residing in blood vessels

Analytes

Substance being analyzed

anticoagulant

Substance used to prevent clotting

Mastectomy

Surgical removal of the breast

Synovial fluid

Surrounds joints as a filtrate of blood plasma & hyaluronic acid produced by the surrounding joint tissue cells

Edema

Swelling; the accumulation of fluids

Blood cultures

Test that aid in identifying the specific bacterial organism causing infections in the blood

septicemia

The presence of pathogens in the blood stream. Also called Food Poisoning

Ethics

The principles of right and wrong that guide an individual in making decisions. Moral consequences of human action

TAT -Turnaround time

Time taken for specimen to be ordered, collected, transported, processed, analyzed & a result reported

Capillaries

Tiny microscopic vessels that connect or link arteries

Palpation

Touching or feeling a vein

heart damage

Troponin tests are used to assess?

Tan tube

Tube used to test for lead

Citrates

Type of anticoagulant additive; prevents blood clotting sequence by removing calcium & forming calcium salts

30-60 minutes

Wait time for serum specimen to clot

30 or less

What angle should the needle be inserted at?

Homeostasis

When RBCs break apart & are destroyed

Cytology

When body cells are studied to detect various diseases, including inflammatory diseases & cancer

3rd & 4th

Which fingers are used for skin puncture?

sodium citrate

Which specimen collection tube is commonly used for hemostasis test?

SPS Sodium Polyanethole Sulfonate

Yellow topped evacuation tube for blood cultures

Catabolism

breakdown of more complex substances into simpler ones with release of energy

FUO

fevers of unknown origin

Aerobic

microorganisms which require oxygen

Bacteremia

presence of bacteria in the blood

circadian rhythm

the daily biological rhythms that occur in a 24-hour period