Phyl 141

This organelle is called the "powerhouse" of the cell because it generates most of our energy. It is made of two layers of membrane, inner layer of which is studded with ribosomes; and it is capable of self-replication because it contains its own DNA. The more active the cell, the more of these organelles it contains. A. Endoplasmic reticulum B. Golgi complex C. Mitochondrium D. Ribosome E. Lysosome

C. Mitochondrium

Which of the following can potentially develop into a malignant melanoma? A. Freckles B. Age spots C. Moles

C. Moles

______ tissue creates movement of the body and within the body. A. Epithelial B. Connective C. Muscular D. Nervous

C. Muscular

_______ is an area of epithelium near the root that contains dividing stem cells for nail growth. A. Hyponychium B. Nail bed C. Nail matrix D. Eponychium

C. Nail matrix

_______ is a portion of a nail under the skin that is not visible. A. Nail body / plate B. Nail bed C. Nail root D. Lunula

C. Nail root

Nervous tissue has all of the following functions, EXCEPT: A. Directs muscular contractions and glandular secretions B. Detects changes in body's internal and external environments C. Provides an immune response and protection from foreign invaders D. Generates thoughts, dreams, and emotions

C. Provides an immune response and protection from foreign invaders

______ secrete oil onto the surface of hairy skin. A. Goblet cells B. Sudoriferous glands C. Sebaceous glands D. Ceruminous glands E. Lacrimal glands F. Mammary glands

C. Sebaceous glands

______ muscle tissue forms the walls of blood vessels, intestines, and bladders. Its primary function is to create movement through the body. A. Skeletal B. Cardiac C. Smooth

C. Smooth

______ muscle tissue is made of short spindle-shaped cells that are arranged in sheets. A. Skeletal B. Cardiac C. Smooth

C. Smooth

A hereditary inability to produce melanin in the skin (also, in the hair, and eyes) that results in it looking fair and being easily sunburned is called ______. A. fibrosis B. psoriasis C. albinism D. vitiligo

C. albinism

A _____ is a structure that holds two exact copies of a chromosome together after they replicated. A. homolog B. chromatid C. centromere D. genome

C. centromere

Layer "C" of epidermis is called stratum ______

C. granulosum

Layer "C" of epidermis is called stratum ______.

C. granulosum

When we are dehydrated, our blood plasma becomes ______ to our blood cells. A. isotonic B. hypotonic C. hypertonic

C. hypertonic

Hair growth and hair pigment production takes place in the ______ of a hair. A. follicle B. cuticle C. matrix D. medulla E. cortex

C. matrix

air growth and hair pigment production takes place in the ______ of a hair. A. follicle B. cuticle C. matrix D. medulla E. cortex

C. matrix

Which of the following is NOT a correct statement about melanin? A. granules of melanin are produced and exported by melanocytes B. melanin granules are the source of skin pigmentation C. melanin is necessary for the production of vitamin D by the skin D. melanin pigment protects DNA from damaging UV light E. melanin granules are taken up by keratinocytes

C. melanin is necessary for the production of vitamin D by the skin

A decrease in ______ will result in the higher rate of diffusion. A. concentration gradient B. temperature C. membrane thickness (diffusion distance) D. number of open ion channels

C. membrane thickness (diffusion distance)

A process of DNA replication to make an exact copy of a cell to replace old or dead cells and/or to make new cells for tissue growth is termed _______. A. apoptosis B. gene expression C. mitosis D. meiosis

C. mitosis

Tongue, heart, the walls of blood vessels, intestines, and bladders are made of ______ tissue. A. epithelial B. connective C. muscular D. nervous

C. muscular

Skin is a/an ______. A. cell B. tissue C. organ D. system E. organism

C. organ

Blood vessels supply nutrients to a growing hair in the _______. A. follicle B. cuticle C. papilla D. medulla E. cortex

C. papilla

Integral plasma membrane (PM) proteins ______. A. are attached to the PM phospholipids B. are attached to other PM proteins C. pass through the PM partially or all the way D. are unattached to the PM; instead, they are located in the cytoplasm

C. pass through the PM partially or all the way

Which phase of dermal wound healing involves a growth of epithelial cells, blood vessels, and fibroblasts? A. inflammatory B. migratory C. proliferative D. maturation

C. proliferative

Cell junctions are made of _____. A. carbohydrates B. lipids C. proteins D. nucleic acids

C. proteins

Plasma membrane proteins that recognize (bind) a specific molecule (ligand) on the outside and alter the function of the cell on the inside are called ______. A. ion channels B. carriers / transporters C. receptors D. enzymes E. linkers F. cell identity markers

C. receptors

A decrease in ______ will result in the higher rate of diffusion. A. concentration gradient B. temperature C. size / mass of diffusing particles D. number of carrier-proteins

C. size / mass of diffusing particles

A ______ degree burn involves a loss of blood plasma and a risk of infection. It is the most severe category of burns. A. first B. second C. third

C. third

If an RBC (red blood cell) is placed into a hypertonic solution, the cell will ______. A. remain unchanged B. undergo hemolysis C. undergo crenation

C. undergo crenation

______ connective tissue is resilient, smooth, and rubber-like. It appears bluish-white and shiny. A developing fetal skeleton is entirely made of this tissue. In adults, it covers the ends of articulating bones where it provides a smooth gliding surface. In addition, it forms nasal septum, larynx, trachea, and bronchi. A. Hyaline cartilage B. Fibrocartilage C. Elastic cartilage D. Compact bone E. Spongy bone F. Blood

A. Hyaline cartilage

_______ is an area of epidermis that attaches the distal edge of a nail to the fingertip. A. Hyponychium B. Nail bed C. Nail root D. Eponychium

A. Hyponychium

What is the correct order of the events in a cell cycle? A. Interphase, mitosis, cytokinesis, differentiation B. Differentiation, interphase, mitosis, cytokinesis C. Interphase, cytokinesis, mitosis, differentiation D. Differentiation, cytokinesis, mitosis, interphase

A. Interphase, mitosis, cytokinesis, differentiation

Which of the following is NOT true about the structure of dermis? A. Its papillary region is deep to the reticular region B. Its reticular region is thicker than the papillary region C. Its papillary region is less dense than its reticular region D. It is made of collagen and elastic fibers produced by fibroblasts E. It contains lots of blood vessels and nerves

A. Its papillary region is deep to the reticular region

______ is a tough fibrous protein that protects epithelial cells from damage and stress. A. Keratin B. Lamellar granule C. Vitamin D D. Melanin

A. Keratin

______ are the thinnest rope-like filaments (fibrous proteins) of a cell's cytoskeleton. They help generate movement (i.e. in crawling of cells to the site of a wound) and provide support (i.e. inside the microvilli). A. Microfilaments B. Intermediate filaments C. Microtubules

A. Microfilaments

______ are many tiny finger-like projections made of microfilaments that extend from the cell surface. They do not move; however they increase the cell's surface area, and are present in the areas with the high rate of absorption (i.e. in the lining of the stomach and intestines). A. Microvilli B. Cilia C. Flagella

A. Microvilli

______membranes line body cavities and organ lumens that open to the outside. These membranes are found lining the trachea and bronchi, nasal and oral cavities, stomach, intestines, and organs of the reproductive tract. A. Mucous B. Serous C. Cutaneous D. Synovial

A. Mucous

______ transport does not require energy. A. Passive B. Active

A. Passive

_______ molecules create a bilayer called plasma membrane. A. Phospholipid B. Polysaccharide C. Cholesterol D. Protein

A. Phospholipid

A flexible shell-like barrier that separates internal and external environment, and regulates the flow of chemicals in and out of the cell. A. Plasma membrane B. Cytoplasm C. Nucleus D. Vesicle

A. Plasma membrane

What is the correct order of the events of mitosis? A. Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase B. Telophase, anaphase, metaphase, prophase C. Anaphase, metaphase, prophase, telophase D. Metaphase, anaphase, prophase, telophase

A. Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

Which of the following muscle tissue types is voluntary? A. Skeletal B. Cardiac C. Smooth

A. Skeletal

______ muscle tissue is made of long cylindrical cells called muscle fibers that are arranged in parallel bundles. A. Skeletal B. Cardiac C. Smooth

A. Skeletal

Which of the following is NOT true about tattoos? A. Tattoo is an injection of pigments into the epidermis. B. Tattoos are permanent. C. Tattoos fade because UV (in sunlight) and macrophages break down the pigments. D. Tattoo can be removed via laser that breaks down the pigments.

A. Tattoo is an injection of pigments into the epidermis.

______ is performed by inside the nucleus, while ______ is performed in the cytosol. A. Transcription / translation B. Translation / transcription

A. Transcription / translation

in the epidermal wound healing cells: A. break contact - enlarge - migrate - divide - stop migration (contact inhibition) - divide upwards B. enlarge - break contact - divide - migrate - stop migration (contact inhibition) - divide upwards C. break contact - divide - migrate - enlarge - stop migration (contact inhibition) - divide upwards D. enlarge - break contact - divide upwards - migrate - divide - stop migration (contact inhibition)

A. break contact - enlarge - migrate - divide - stop migration (contact inhibition) - divide upwards

Fingerprints are unique patterns of _______. A. epidermal ridges B. dermal papillae C. hair D. sweat glands

A. epidermal ridges

Epidermis, mucous membranes, and glands are made of ______ tissue. A. epithelial B. connective C. muscular D. nervous

A. epithelial

Another name for scar tissue is ______. A. fibrosis B. psoriasis C. albinism D. vitiligo

A. fibrosis

Sunburn is classified as a _____ degree burn. A. first B. second C. third

A. first

Glycolipids and glycoproteins of the plasma membrane contain chains of ______ polymers attached to them on the outside of the cell. A. glucose B. sucrose C. fatty acid D. amino acid

A. glucose

Which structure of a cell membrane creates a "slime layer" that protects the cells from drying out and reduces friction? A. glycocalyx B. cholesterol C. peripheral proteins D. transmembrane proteins

A. glycocalyx

Plasma membrane (PM) proteins that create pores in the PM that allow ions to flow in / out of the cell are called ______. A. ion channels B. carriers / transporters C. receptors D. enzymes E. linkers F. cell identity markers

A. ion channels

Crossover is a random exchange of similar genes between homologous chromosomes that creates genetically diverse gametes which happens during _____. A. meiosis B. fertilization C. interphase D. mitosis

A. meiosis

Osmosis is a/an ______ type of transport. A. passive B. active

A. passive

A ______ is a physician who examines tissues and cells for any change that might indicate a disease or disorder. A. pathologist B. physiologist C. psychologist D. chemist

A. pathologist

Gene expression is a process of _____. A. protein synthesis B. DNA replication C. production of ATP from ADP D. a programmed cell death

A. protein synthesis

The function of arrector pili is to ______. A. pull on epidermis and hair bulb to raise hair 90 degrees which creates "goosebumps" B. secrete lipid-rich sweat into the hair follicle C. secrete oily substance into the hair shaft D. detect movement of hair

A. pull on epidermis and hair bulb to raise hair 90 degrees which creates "goosebumps"

Transport of substance uphill or against their concentration gradient ______ energy. A. requires B. does not require

A. requires

In a/an _______ type of transport, particles squeeze in between in the phospholipids moving down their concentration gradient. A. simple diffusion B. facilitated diffusion C. primary active D. secondary active E. endocytosis

A. simple diffusion

Serous membranes are made of _______ epithelium. A. simple squamous B. simple columnar C. stratified squamous D. stratified columnar

A. simple squamous

Arrector pili is a/an _______. A. small smooth muscle attached to the hair follicle and dermal papillae B. network of neuronal endings (dendrites) around the hair root C. exocrine gland that secretes oily substance into the hair follicle D. exocrine gland that secretes lipid-rich sweat into the hair follicle

A. small smooth muscle attached to the hair follicle and dermal papillae

Stratum ______ is made of many layers of live keratinocytes. A. spinosum B. basale C. granulosum D. lucidum E. corneum

A. spinosum

______ transport requires energy. A. Passive B. Active

B. Active

______ connective tissue is located under the skin, around viscera, behind eyeballs, around joints, and inside bone shafts as yellow marrow. It is the main storage of fat in the body that acts as a source of energy, insulator from heat loss, padding for shock absorption, and a reservoir of water. A. Areolar B. Adipose C. Reticular D. Dense regular E. Dense irregular F. Dense elastic

B. Adipose

______ glands are located in the skin of armpit, beard region (in males), areola, and perineum only. They become active at the onset of puberty. A. Eccrine sudoriferous B. Apocrine sudoriferous C. Sebaceous D. Ceruminous

B. Apocrine sudoriferous

______ are hair-like projections made of microtubules that extend from the cell surface. They beat in a oar-like pattern and sweep the fluid along the cell surface. A. Microvilli B. Cilia C. Flagella

B. Cilia

A portion of a neuron that detects stimuli. A. Cell body B. Dendrites C. Axon D. Axon terminal

B. Dendrites

______ produce fibrous proteins (fibers) such as collagen and elastic. A. Mesenchymal cells B. Fibroblasts C. Adipocytes D. Chondrocytes E. Osteocytes F. Red blood cells (erythrocytes) G. White blood cells (leukocytes) H. Platelets (thrombocytes)

B. Fibroblasts

Which of the following determines whether a tissue is hard, soft, or liquid? A. Cells B. Ground substance C. Protein fibers

B. Ground substance

______ are the strongest cable-like filaments (fibrous proteins) of a cell's cytoskeleton. They stabilize the position of organelles inside the cell, and attach cells to one another. Especially many of these filaments are found in places subject to mechanical stress. A. Microfilaments B. Intermediate filaments C. Microtubules

B. Intermediate filaments

Which of the following is NOT true about psoriasis? A. It is a chronic skin disorder. B. It is contagious. C. Keratinocytes divide more quickly are make abnormal keratin. D. Epithelium looks scaly and flaky. E. It can be treated by UV or chemicals that suppress cell division.

B. It is contagious.

_______ contain lipid-rich water repellant. A. Keratins B. Lamellar granules C. Vitamins D D. Melanins

B. Lamellar granules

Which of the following is NOT true about epidermal ridges? A. They provide better grip by acting like suction cups. B. They decrease skin sensitivity by decreasing surface area. C. They are visible as fingerprints.

B. They decrease skin sensitivity by decreasing surface area.

______ is performed by ribosomes. A. Transcription B. Translation

B. Translation

Which of the following combinations of chromosome 23 is of a male? A. XX B. XY

B. XY

In a/an ______ transport substances move uphill or against their concentration gradient. A. passive B. active

B. active

Which of the following factors will increase the rate of diffusion? A. an increase in the size / mass of diffusing particles B. an increase in temperature C. a decrease in the number of open ion channels D. a decrease in the concentration gradient

B. an increase in temperature

Chromatids are pulled apart into the opposite sides of the cell during the _____ of mitosis. A. prophase B. anaphase C. telophase D. metaphase

B. anaphase

Mammary glands are classified as _______ because they release their secretions by pinching off an apical portion of their cell. Their secretions are rich in lipids from cytosol. A. merocrine B. apocrine C. holocrine

B. apocrine

Stratum ______ is a germinal layer that contains epithelial stem cells that undergo cell division to continually produce new keratinocytes. A. spinosum B. basale C. granulosum D. lucidum E. corneum

B. basale

In a/an _______ type of transport, particles enter the cell via ion channels or carrier proteins moving down their concentration gradient. A. simple diffusion B. facilitated diffusion C. primary active D. secondary active E. endocytosis

B. facilitated diffusion

A process of protein synthesis using genes located on the DNA as instructions is termed _______. A. apoptosis B. gene expression C. mitosis D. meiosis

B. gene expression

If we get overhydrated (drink too much water), our blood plasma will become ______ to our blood cells. A. isotonic B. hypotonic C. hypertonic

B. hypotonic

Chromosomes duplicate during the _____ of a cell cycle. A. cytokinesis B. interphase C. mitosis D. differentiation

B. interphase

Epidermis is made of _____. A. keratinized simple squamous epithelium B. keratinized stratified squamous epithelium C. simple squamous epithelium D. stratified squamous epithelium E. dense regular connective tissue F. dense irregular connective tissue G. areolar + adipose connective tissue

B. keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Hair is made of a column of dead _______ tightly packed and bound for proteins. A. melanocytes B. keratinocytes C. fibroblasts D. adipocytes E. macrophages

B. keratinocytes

Malignant melanoma is a skin cancer that arises from an abnormal proliferation of _______. A. keratinocytes B. melanocytes C. macrophages D. fibroblasts

B. melanocytes

Hair root plexus is a/an _______. A. small smooth muscle attached to the hair follicle and dermal papillae B. network of neuronal endings (dendrites) around the hair root C. exocrine gland that secretes oily substance into the hair follicle D. exocrine gland that secretes lipid-rich sweat into the hair follicle

B. network of neuronal endings (dendrites) around the hair root

______ epithelium contains hair-like projections on the apical surface of cells that beat in unison and sweep mucus produced by Goblet cells. It forms the lining of a trachea where foreign particles are trapped in mucus and swept away for elimination from body. A. simple columnar with microvilli B. pseudostratified with cilia C. stratified squamous D. stratified cuboidal E. stratified columnar F. transitional

B. pseudostratified with cilia

Mucous membranes are made of _______ epithelium. A. simple squamous B. simple columnar C. stratified squamous D. stratified columnar

B. simple columnar

______ epithelium contains hair-like projections on the apical surface of cells that beat in unison and sweep mucus produced by Goblet cells. It forms a lining of uterine tubes where it moves oocytes (eggs) expelled from ovaries through uterine (fallopian) tubes into uterus. A. simple columnar with microvilli B. simple columnar with cilia C. stratified squamous D. stratified cuboidal E. stratified columnar F. transitional

B. simple columnar with cilia

If an RBC (red blood cell) is placed into a hypotonic solution, the cell will ______. A. remain unchanged B. undergo hemolysis C. undergo crenation

B. undergo hemolysis

______ is a single hair-like projection made of microtubules that extends from the cell surface. It beats in a wave-like pattern and moves (propels) an entire cell forward. A. Microvillus B. Cilium C. Flagellum

C. Flagellum

______ are NOT present in the dermis. A. Fibroblasts B. Macrophages C. Melanocytes D. Adipocytes

C. Melanocytes

______ produce pigments that protects epithelial cells from damaging UV (sun radiation) and give our skin its color. A. Keratinocytes B. Intraepidermal macrophages C. Melanocytes D. Tactile epithelial cells

C. Melanocytes

______ are the thickest yet the weakest hollow tube-like filaments (fibrous proteins) of a cell's cytoskeleton. They help determine the shape of a cell, and assist in movement of organelles (i.e. of cilia and flagellum). A. Microfilaments B. Intermediate filaments C. Microtubules

C. Microtubules

These junctions form an adhesion belt that encircles an entire cell. They prevent separation of cells during contractile activities such as the movement of food through the intestines or pumping action (beating) of the heart. A. Gap junctions B. Desmosomes C. Tight junctions D. Adherens junctions E. Hemidesmosomes

D. Adherens junctions

Which of the following is NOT a part of a tissue? A. Cells B. Ground substance C. Protein fibers D. All of the above ARE a part of a tissue

D. All of the above ARE a part of a tissue

______ is the process of DNA replication that produces haploid gametes (egg/sperm), and occurs in gonads (ovaries/testes) only. A. Apoptosis B. Gene expression C. Mitosis D. Meiosis

D. Meiosis

______ is a pigment that gives our skin its color and protects it from damaging UV (sun radiation). A. Keratin B. Lamellar granule C. Vitamin D D. Melanin

D. Melanin

______ tissue is able to generate electrical signals that can trigger muscle contractions or glandular secretions. A. Epithelial B. Connective C. Muscular D. Nervous

D. Nervous

Which of the following is NOT a part of cytoplasm? A. Cytosol B. Cytoskeleton C. Organelles D. Plasma membrane

D. Plasma membrane

This tiny organelle synthesises proteins from amino acids via polymerization. It is made of two protein-subunits. Millions of these organelles are present on the surface of rER and inside the mitochondria. A. Endoplasmic reticulum B. Golgi complex C. Mitochondrium D. Ribosome E. Lysosome

D. Ribosome

Which of the following membranes is non-epithelial? A. Mucous B. Serous C. Cutaneous D. Synovial

D. Synovial

______ detect light touch and stimulate sensory neurons to produce an electrical impulse that travels to the brain. A. Keratinocytes B. Intraepidermal macrophages C. Melanocytes D. Tactile epithelial cells

D. Tactile epithelial cells

Which is not true about melanocytes? A. They protect the skin from UV rays B. They neutralize free radicals formed from exposure to sun C. They produce pigments and transfer them to keratinocytes D. They undergo rapid mitosis to regenerate skin

D. They undergo rapid mitosis to regenerate skin

The function of a hair root plexus is to ______. A. pull on epidermis and hair bulb to raise hair 90 degrees which creates "goosebumps" B. secrete lipid-rich sweat into the hair follicle C. secrete oily substance into the hair shaft D. detect movement of hair

D. detect movement of hair

Meiosis produces _______ cells. A. two diploid B. two haploid C. four diploid D. four haploid

D. four haploid

Stratum ______ is only present in places subjected to high levels of mechanical wear-and-tear, and provide an additional protective layer where it occurs, such as in the soles of the feet, palms, and fingertips. A. spinosum B. basale C. granulosum D. lucidum E. corneum

D. lucidum

During which phase of dermal wound healing epidermis is restored and a scab sloughs (falls) off? A. inflammatory B. migratory C. proliferative D. maturation

D. maturation

Brain, spinal cord, and sensory receptors are made of ______ tissue. A. epithelial B. connective C. muscular D. nervous

D. nervous

Which of the following does NOT involve damage of collagen fibers in the dermis? A. scars B. wrinkles C. stretch marks D. psoriasis

D. psoriasis

In a/an _______ type of transport, particles enter the cell via carrier proteins that use concentration gradient moving against their concentration gradient. A. simple diffusion B. facilitated diffusion C. primary active D. secondary active E. endocytosis

D. secondary active

An autoimmune loss of some or all melanocytes from patches of skin that results in the absence of melanin from those areas of skin is called ______. A. fibrosis B. psoriasis C. albinism D. vitiligo

D. vitiligo

Identify basal lamina of the basement membrane in Figure.

E

Identify mitochondrial ribosome.

E

Identify melanocyte in Figure.

black dots/cracks/holes at bottom of bulb hair follicke E&D in photo cortex B on photo

Identify endoplasmic reticulum (ER).

blue ribbony things

Identify dermal papilla in Figure.

bottom c in photo

Identify hair bulb in Figure.

bulb

Identify nail free edge in Figure.

nail free edge hyponychium lunula

Identify nuclear envelope.

openings, between the holes/nuclear pores

Identify mitochondria

orange stuff

Identify plasma membrane.

outside layer

Identify outer mitochondrial membrane

outside layer (like brown outer coating )

Identify chromatin

purple space

Identify inner mitochondrial membrane.

red lining

Identify hair root in Figure.

right at the bottom of the hair, right below the top of skin

Identify epidermal ridges in Figure.

top ridges b in photo

Identify inner mitochondrial membrane

inner membrane space

Which of the following structures is NOT a part of skin? A. Hair B. Glands C. Nails D. Sensory receptors E. Epidermis F. Dermis G. Hypodermis

G. Hypodermis

Hypodermis is made of _____. A. keratinized simple squamous epithelium B. keratinized stratified squamous epithelium C. simple squamous epithelium D. stratified squamous epithelium E. dense regular connective tissue F. dense irregular connective tissue G. areolar + adipose connective tissue

G. areolar + adipose connective tissue

A haploid human cell has ______ chromosomes in its nucleus. A. 23 B. 24 C. 46 D. 92

A. 23

More often than not, every human cell contains ______ pairs of chromosomes inside its nucleus. A. 23 B. 24 C. 46 D. 48

A. 23

______ connective tissue serves as a packing material around every structure. It binds tissues together, provides strength and support, and stores water. Hypodermis is partially made of this type of tissue. A. Areolar B. Adipose C. Reticular D. Dense regular E. Dense irregular F. Dense elastic

A. Areolar

______ is a procedure in which a sample of tissue is removed from a living body for examination. A. Biopsy B. Histology C. Anatomy D. Pathology

A. Biopsy

Which of the following explains a pink hue of skin? A. Blood reservoir B. Melanin C. Carotene D. Oily secretions

A. Blood reservoir

______ glands secrete hormones into the bloodstream. A. Endocrine B. Exocrine

A. Endocrine

An organelle made of a network of membranes often studded with ribosomes that synthesize proteins and phospholipids. It is continuous with the nuclear envelope. A. Endoplasmic reticulum B. Golgi complex C. Mitochondrium D. Ribosome E. Lysosome

A. Endoplasmic reticulum

______ tissue covers body surfaces and lines hollow organs of the body such as the stomach and bladder, and secretes substances. A. Epithelial B. Connective C. Muscular D. Nervous

A. Epithelial

This type of junction contains tiny fluid-filled tunnels called connexons which allow the movement of ions and small molecules between cells. It is found between muscles cells of the heart and in organs with smooth muscle tissue such as the gastrointestinal tract where the cells are required to contract simultaneously. A. Gap junction B. Adherens junction C. Tight junction D. Hemidesmosome E. Desmosome

A. Gap junction

______ connective tissue is resilient, smooth, and very pliable. Structures that are rigid yet have elasticity such as epiglottis, ear, and eustachian tubes are made of this type of tissue. A. Hyaline cartilage B. Fibrocartilage C. Elastic cartilage D. Compact bone E. Spongy bone F. Blood

C. Elastic cartilage

A diploid human cell has ______ chromosomes in its nucleus. A. 23 B. 24 C. 46 D. 92

C. 46

There are _____ chromosomes in the nucleus of every human cell. A. 23 B. 24 C. 46 D. 48

C. 46

______ store fat. A. Mesenchymal cells B. Fibroblasts C. Adipocytes D. Chondrocytes E. Osteocytes F. Red blood cells (erythrocytes) G. White blood cells (leukocytes) H. Platelets (thrombocytes)

C. Adipocytes

A portion of a neuron on which a nerve impulse travels. A. Cell body B. Dendrites C. Axon D. Axon terminal

C. Axon

Which of the following is FALSE about the cells in tissues? A. Cells in tissues are always anchored to one another or their matrix. B. Cells in tissues can move freely through the body. C. Cells in tissues never move freely through the body.

C. Cells in tissues never move freely through the body.

Which of the following is NOT a hallmark of a malignant melanoma? A. Asymmetric shape B. Border is indistinct and notched C. Color is even D. Diameter greater than 6mm E. Evolving size, shape and/or color

C. Color is even

Connective tissue has all of the following functions, EXCEPT: A. Binds tissues and structures together B. Supports and strengthens structures C. Contracts and creates movement D. Insulates and pads out organs E. Transports substances F. Stores a body's reserve of energy and minerals G. Provides an immune response and protection from foreign invaders

C. Contracts and creates movement

______membrane covers the surface of the body. It is commonly known as skin. A. Mucous B. Serous C. Cutaneous D. Synovial

C. Cutaneous

Which of the following molecules are present in the structure of plasma membrane? A. Phospholipids B. Polysaccharides C. Cholesterol D. Proteins E. All of the above

E. All of the above

______ connective tissue is designed to withstand pulling in many directions. Structures such as dermis, fascia, periosteum, and synovial joint capsules are made of it. A. Areolar B. Adipose C. Reticular D. Dense regular E. Dense irregular F. Dense elastic

E. Dense irregular

______ are NOT present in the epidermis. A. Keratinocytes B. Intraepidermal macrophages C. Melanocytes D. Tactile epithelial cells E. Fibroblasts

E. Fibroblasts

This membrane enclosed vesicle contains powerful digestive enzymes with pH 5 that allows it to perform digestion of molecules, worn out cells parts, and even entire cells. There are many of these organelles per cell. A. Endoplasmic reticulum B. Golgi complex C. Mitochondrium D. Ribosome E. Lysosome

E. Lysosome

Layer "A" of epidermis is called stratum ______.

E. corneum

Layer "A" of epidermis is called stratum ______. A. spinosum B. basale C. granulosum D. lucidum E. corneum

E. corneum

Stratum ______ is the most superficial layer of skin made of many layers of very flat dead keratinocytes. A. spinosum B. basale C. granulosum D. lucidum E. corneum

E. corneum

Dermis is made of _____. A. keratinized simple squamous epithelium B. keratinized stratified squamous epithelium C. simple squamous epithelium D. dense regular connective tissue E. dense irregular connective tissue F. areolar + adipose connective tissue

E. dense irregular connective tissue

Plasma membrane proteins that anchor structures on the inside or outside of the cell are called ______. A. ion channels B. carriers / transporters C. receptors D. enzymes E. linkers F. cell identity markers

E. linkers

______ transport oxygen and carbon dioxide. A. Mesenchymal cells B. Fibroblasts C. Adipocytes D. Chondrocytes E. Osteocytes F. Red blood cells (erythrocytes) G. White blood cells (leukocytes) H. Platelets (thrombocytes)

F. Red blood cells (erythrocytes)

Identify dermal root sheath in Figure.

F

______ connective tissue is the most rigid in the body. It is made of irregular thin columns called trabeculae with lots of red and yellow bone marrow in between. It is used for protection, support, assistance in movement, storage of calcium, and blood cell production. A. Hyaline cartilage B. Fibrocartilage C. Elastic cartilage D. Compact bone E. Spongy bone F. Blood

F. Blood

Which of the following is NOT a function of skin? A. Protection B. Thermoregulation C. Excretion D. Absorption E. Vitamin D synthesis F. Major storage of fat G. Detection of sensory info

F. Major storage of fat

______ secrete milk onto the surface of breast nipples (in women only). A. Goblet cells B. Sudoriferous glands C. Sebaceous glands D. Ceruminous glands E. Lacrimal glands F. Mammary glands

F. Mammary glands

Identify nuclear ribosomes

dots on the outside

Identify Golgi complex.

green

Identify Meissner corpuscle of touch in Figure.

h in photo

Identify free nerve endings in Figure.

higher nerve endings

Identify hair root plexus in Figure.

lines on the bulb

Identify apocrine sudoriferous gland in Figure.

lower squiggles

Layer "B" of epidermis is called stratum ______.

lucidum

Layer "D" of epidermis is called stratum ______.

spinosum

Identify nuclear pore.

the red hole

Identify mitochondrial cristae.

waveys

identify vesicle

where the secretion is

Identify adipose tissue in Figure.

yellow bubbles at bottom