Physical Science Chapter 12

Part C: In Part B, you classified the elements as metals, nonmetals, and metalloids. Based on this classification, identify the position of the elements in the periodic table. Consider that the metals are always on the left-hand side of the periodic table, and nonmetals are on the right-hand side. Metalloids are placed in between these two groups. Drag the element symbol to its respective position in the periodic table.

47-Ag 80-Hg 14-Si 16-S 10-Ne

Would you use a physical model or a conceptual model to describe the following: a gold coin, dollar bill, car engine, air pollution, virus, spread of sexually transmitted disease?

A physical model- a gold coin, a car engine, a virus A conceptual model- an air pollution, the spread of sexually transmitted disease, a dollar bill

What causes an atom to emit light?

An atom emits light when an it is energized by heat or electricity.

Which has more potential energy: an electron close to an atomic nucleus or an electron far from an atomic nucleus?

An electron far from the nucleus has more potential energy.

Distinguish between an atom and an element.

An element is made of only one type of atom.

Consider these atoms: helium, He; chlorine, Cl; and argon, Ar. Rank them in terms of their atomic number, from largest to smallest. Rank from largest to smallest . To rank items as equivalent, overlap them.

Ar Cl He

Part B: Rank them, from largest to smallest, in terms of number of protons in the nucleus. Rank from largest to smallest. To rank items as equivalent, overlap them.

B-Phosphorous C-Neon A-Fluorine

Part C: Rank them, from largest to smallest, in terms of number of electrons. Rank from largest to smallest. To rank items as equivalent, overlap them.

B-Phosphorous C-Neon A-Fluorine

Part A: Consider these atoms: (a) fluorine, F; (b) phosphorus, P; (c) neon, Ne. Rank them, from smallest to largest , in terms of size. Rank from smallest to largest. To rank items as equivalent, overlap them.

C- Neon A- Fluorine B- Phosphorus

Rank the three subatomic particles in order of increasing mass: (a) neutron, (b) proton, (c) electron. Rank from least to most. To rank items as equivalent, overlap them.

C- electron B- proton A- neutron

Part A: Identify the chemical symbols corresponding to each element.

Carbon- C Lead- Pb Antimony- Sb Sodium- Na Aluminum- Al

Part B: Rank the following elements in the order of their decreasing atomic diameter based on their effective nuclear charge. Rank from largest to smallest diameter. To rank items as equivalent, overlap them.

Lithium, Boron, Nitrogen

Part A: Rank the following elements by atomic radius. Rank from largest to smallest atomic radius. To rank items as equivalent, overlap them.

Na Al Si S Ar

As depicted in the following figure, are gallium atoms really red and arsenic atoms green? (Figure 1) An image of gallium and arsenic atoms obtained with a scanning probe microscope.

No

Is it possible to see an atom using visible light?

No

Part B: Rank the following elements by atomic radius. Rank from largest to smallest atomic radius. To rank items as equivalent, overlap them.

Po Te Se S O

Sort each of the items into the appropriate bin. Use the diagram of a neutral lithium atom, shown to the left, for reference.(Figure 1)

Proton= +1 charge particle labeled "B" approximately the same mass as a neutron Neutron= no charge particle labeled "A" Electron= -1 charge particle labeled "C" smallest mass of the three particles

Part B: Why did the particles jiggle around?

The particles were struck by atoms, but unequally on different sides.

Part A: Select the diagrams that show the absorption of energy by electrons to produce an atom with an electron in the excited state.

The very biggest atoms, one with 7 electrons, one with 4 electrons (2 together and 2 apart)

Part C: Rank the following atoms by number of valence electrons. Rank from most to fewest valence electrons. To rank items as equivalent, overlap them.

Xe I Sb In Rb

Which electrons are most responsible for the properties of an atom?

electrons in the outermost shell

Use these properties to classify the substances as metals, metalloids, or nonmetals.

Metals= Ag, Hg Metalloid= Si Nonmetals= Ne, S

Part C: If you place a Styrofoam cup on the table and a bunch of BBs move around it randomly, what will happen to the cup, and why?

The cup will move randomly in different directions because the BBs will exert unequal forces on the cup in different directions.

About how fast does an electron travel around the atomic nucleus?

electrons travel at very high speeds; millions of m/s

Are most elements metallic, nonmetallic, metalloid, or not yet confirmed?

metallic

Part A: What did Robert Brown see under the microscope?

specks of dust moving around