Physical Science Study Guide Chapters 20,21,22

2nd youngest fossil pictured below is in which layer of rock

2nd from top

an airplane flying at 20,000 feet is above how much of the earth's atomosphere is

50%

normal atmospheric pressure is enough to support a column of mercury approximately

76.0 cm high

Explain why your ears pop when driving down a mountain

Air is moving from the atmosphere into your eardrum

What era do we live in?

Cenozoic

What type of cloud is pictured? (mushroom cloud)

Cumulonimbus

A decrease in the density of a column of air causes the barometric pressure to?

Decrease

The solar radiation that does reach the earths surface

Eventually radiated back into space, shows up as an increase in temperature, and is re-radiated by the earth largely in the infrared

what feature is pictured and how does it form (snake)

Oxbow lake, when a stream meander is cut off.

which of the following is not a common way for fossils to form?

Preservation of soft parts in amber

"the present is the key to the past". Name the principle that this statement is referring.

Principle of Uniformity

which of the following materials is least susceptible to chemical weathering

Quartz

what is the name structure of pictured and what formed it?

Roche Moutonnee was formed by glaciers

a likely source of loess is

Rock flour (from glaciers)

Hot air rising from the equatorial regions cools and descends to form

a belt of dry, high-pressure air

a peneplain is

a nearly flat rolling plain produced by erosion.

Your ears "pop" when your plane descends because

air is moving from the outside into your eardrum.

The principal components of the earth's atmosphere are nitrogen, oxygen and

argon

where would you find the intertropical convergence zone and what causes this area to exist

between 10 S and 10 N. caused by intense heating at equator

name the 3 ways a glacier erodes

bulldozing, abrasion, plucking

dissolving a rock in acid is the equivalent of

chemical weathering

when water vapor in the atmosphere condenses onto condensation nuclei what happens?

cloud forms

what is fog

cloud near the surface

what are two types of glaciers?

continental and alpine

picture of trees bending

creep

When a stream flows into a body of water it often forms a

delta

what forms when a stream/river flows into an ocean or lake

delta

what type of drainage pattern is shown here? veins

dendritic drainage pattern

Describe how a land breeze forms

during the night the air over land is cooler and develops a high pressure in relation to the low over the water, air moves from H to L over water.

Picking up small pieces of smashed rock is called

erosion

the process of physically removing weathered materials

erosion

what condition means a balance between the number of water molecules moving to and from the liquid state?

evaporation

the picture below is an example of this type of weathering (circle rock with pieces breaking off)

exfoliation

what do you get on grass when the dew point is below 32 F?

frost

A road cut shows layers of sedimentary rock that are uptilted. From this observation one could conclude that the rocks

have been subjected to deformational stress

Which of the following soil components is not likely to be the result of mechanical weathering

humus

Describe how warming air affects its ability to hold water vapor

increased capacity to hold water vapor

what happens to the temp as you increase in altitude in the stratosphere

increases

correlation and relative dating through the use of index fossils is limited because

index fossils are rarely found in other than sedimentary rocks

the majority of the suns radiation output occurs as

infrared radiation

The red soils of Oklahoma and Georgia are due to the presence of

iron oxides

Air moving down a mountain slope is often warm because

its compressed as it moves to lower elevations

Without adding or removing any water vapor, a sample of air experiencing an increase in temperature, what happens to the relative humidity?

lower relative humidity

the Cenozoic is known as the age of the

mammals

freezing water exerts pressure on the wall of a crack in a rock mass, making the crack larger. This is an example of what type of weathering

mechanical

What are the two basic types of weathering

mechanical and chemical

weathering involves the

mechanical and chemical breakup of rocks

If you were hunting dinosaur fossils, you would be examining rocks from which era?

mesozoic

Deposits of bulldozed rocks and other materials that remain after the ice melts is called a ___________.

moraine

Deposits of bulldozed rocks that remain after a glacier melts are called

moraines

Where does a meandering stream deposit most of its sediment?

on the inside of a meander

which of the following is an example of chemical weathering?

oxidation

name 3 examples of chemical weathering

oxidation, carbonation, hydration

names the 4 eras from first to recent

precambrian, paleozoic, mesozoic, and cenozoic

which of the following is a common way for fossils to form?

preservation of an organisms shape, preservation of signs of activity, and preservation of skeletal remains

Faults, folds, and igneous intrusions are always younger than the rocks they originally occur in. What principle is described above?

principle of Crosscutting relationships

the answer to the previous question was based on what principle?

principle of superposition

what kind of drainage pattern and where would you most likely find it? (map)

radial drainage pattern and on a dome of igneous rock/ volcanic.

Ventifacts are

rocks sculpted by wind abrasion

What is the name of the device this man is using and what does it measure?

sling psychrometer/ relative humidity

Glaciers form when

snow accumulates to form ice, which begins to flow

the greehous effect results in warmer temps near the surface because

some of the energy that would ordinarily escape is re-radiated toward the surface

a stream in its youth exhibits which of the following sets of characteristics?

steep gradient and v-shapedvalley

the interaction between ultraviolet light and ozone takes place in the

stratosphere

which cloud type is associated with long periods of drizzle, rain or snow?

stratus

In still air at constant pressure, the rate of evaporation depends on the

surface area of the liquid exposed to the atmosphere, air and water temp, and relative humidity

Define dew point

temperature at which the relative humidity and the absolute humidity are the same

the chief difference between fog and a cloud is

the altitude of the tiny water droplets

Weathering is the process that must occur before erosion can take place.

true

a time break in the rock record is

unconformity

Which sequence of processes occur in the correct order?

weathering, erosion, transportation

the rocky mountains

were uplifted about the time the dinosaurs died

Carrying rock fragments to a new location is called?

Transportation

What type of climate would have the most rapid chemical weathering?

Tropical

What layer of the atmosphere do we live in?

Troposphere

"Shape" of valley and what carved ?

V-shaped valley carved by stream