physical science test 2

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The lowest temperature possible in nature is

-273°C

A bullet fired horizontally hits the ground in 0.5 s. If it had been fired with twice the velocity it would have hit the ground in

0.5 s.

A woman who normally weighs 400 N stands on top of a very tall ladder so she is one Earth-radius above Earth's surface. What is her weigh there?

100 N

A gun with a muzzle velocity of 100 m/s is fired horizontally from a tower. Neglecting air resistance, how far downrange will the bullet be 1 s later?

100 m

A projectile is launched straight upward at 50 m/s. If air resistance is negligible, its speed upon returning to its starting point is

50 m/s.

What is the force of gravity on a 500-N woman standing on Earth's surface?

500 N

What is the magnitude of gravitational force between two 1−kg−kg bodies that are 1 m apart?

6.67 x 10^(-11) N

If 100 joules of heat is added to a system that does 40 joules of external work, by how much is the thermal energy of the system raised?

60 J

The period of the second hand on a clock is

60 seconds

A projectile is launched at an angle of 15° above the horizontal and lands downrange. With no air resistance, what other projection angle for the same speed would produce the same down range distance?

75° (90-15=75)

An Earth satellite is simply a projectile freely falling around the Earth.

True

The lowest temperature possible in nature is -273°C.

True

The vibrations of a longitudinal wave move in a direction

along the direction of wave travel

In the vacuum of outer space, there is no

atmospheric pressure

A hunter fires a bullet from a horizontally-held rifle while simultaneously dropping another bullet from the side of the rifle. Which bullet hits the ground first?

both hit at the same time

Heat energy is measured in units of

both joules and calories

Absolute zero corresponds to a temperature of

both- 0 K and -273 C

The temperature of boiling water is

both- 100 degrees C or 212 degrees F

The temperature of melting ice is

both- 32°F and 0°C

If the mass of Earth somehow increased with no change in radius, your weight would

increase also.

Two objects move toward each other due to gravity. As the objects get closer and closer, the force between them

increases

When disorder in a system increases, does entropy increase or decrease?

increases

If the Earth had twice its present radius and twice its present mass, what would happen to your weight? Explain.

it would be split in half

A sound wave is a

longitudinal wave

Whether one object is warmer than another object has most to do with

molecular kinetic energy

At some point between Earth and the Moon, the forces due to gravity on a space traveler would be the same. This point is

nearer the Moon.

The amount of gravitational force that acts on a space vehicle that orbits Earth is

nearly as much as the vehicle's weight on Earth's surface

A projectile is fired horizontally. With no air resistance it maintains its horizontal component of velocity because

no horizontal forces act on it.

At absolute zero, a substance has

no more energy to give up

During a single period, the distance traveled by a wave is

one wavelength

Electric field lines about a point charge extend

outward when the charge is positive.

If you strip electrons from an atom, the atom becomes a

positive ion

Roll a bowling ball off the edge of a table. As it falls, its horizontal component of motion

remains constant.

A baseball is tossed at a steep angle into the air and makes a smooth parabolic path. Its time in the air is tt, and it reaches a maximum height hh. Assume that air resistance is negligible. (1) Find the height reached by the ball. (2) If the ball is in the air for 3.0 s, find a height it reaches. (3) If the ball reached the same height as when tossed at some other angle, would the time of flight be the same?

(1) h= gt^2 / (8) (2) h= 11 m (3) yes

(1) Which warms faster when heat is applied: iron or silver? (2) Which has the higher specific heat capacity?

(1) silver (2) iron

The explanation for all types of refraction involves a change in

speed.

Heat is thermal energy that flows due to

temperature differences

On days when the air nearest the ground is colder than air above, sound waves

tend to be refracted downward

The speed of a sound wave in air depends on

the air temperature

When a 1-kg metal pan containing 1 kg of cold water is removed from the refrigerator onto a table, which absorbs more heat from the room: the pan or the water?

the water

The fact that a thermometer "takes its own temperature" illustrates

thermal equilibrium

Which has the higher specific heat capacity, water or land?

water

Inside a freely-falling elevator you would have no

weight

Inside a freely-falling elevator your

weight is zero

Strictly speaking, when you step off a curb you are momentarily

weightless.

Find the ratio of the gravitational force between two planets if the masses of both planets are quadrupled but the distance between them stays the same.

16

If a projectile is fired straight up at a speed of 10 m/s, neglecting air resistance, the total time to return to its starting position is

2 s

Which law of thermodynamics tells us what is most probable in nature?

2nd law

If the masses of two planets triples and the distance between reduces by half, the force between them would be

36 times as much

If Earth's mass decreased to one-half its original mass with no change in radius, your weight would

decrease to one-half.

Which of these involves the most thermal energy: 1 calorie, 1 Calorie, or 1 joule?

1 Calorie

If a projectile is fired straight up at a speed of 10 m/s, neglecting air resistance, the time it takes to reach the top of its path is

1 s

A projectile is launched vertically at 100 m/sm/s. If air resistance can be neglected, at what speed does it return to its initial level?

100 m⋅s^−1

At what temperature do the combined effects of contraction and expansion produce the smallest volume of water?

4 degrees C

How many joules are needed to change the temperature of 1 g of water by 1 degree C?

4.19 J

How much heat is needed to change 200 g of water at 80C to steam at 100c

4000 calories (Q= m x c x change in T = 200 g x 1 cal/ g degree C x (100-80) = cancel the gs = 200(20)= 4000 calories)

A ball is thrown horizontally from the top of a tall cliff. Three seconds later, the ball has fallen a vertical distance of

45 m (h= (1/2)gt^2 , h= (1/2) x 10 x (3^3) = 45)

A stone is thrown horizontally from the top of a cliff. One second after leaving your hand it drops a vertical distance of

5 m

A wave travels an average distance of 5 m in 1 s. What is the wave's velocity?

5 m/s

The temperature of water rises when 2.00 calories are added. It will rise the same when

8.38 J are added

Consider a pair of planets for which the distance between them is decreased by a factor of 3. How many times does the force between them increase?

9

An object is placed exactly halfway between the Earth and the Moon. The object will fall toward the

Earth.

At absolute zero, a substance has no more energy to give up.

True

To say that something is twice as hot as another suggests the hotter thing has twice the thermal energy.

True

If the sun were twice as massive

both (Earth's pull on the Sun would double, its pull on the Earth would double)

A very massive object A and a less massive object B move toward each other under the influence of gravity. Which force, if either, is greater?

both forces are the same

To say that electric charge is conserved is to say that electric charge

can neither be created nor destroyed

When the distance between two stars doubles, the force between them

decreases by one-quarter

A rock is thrown upward at 50° with respect to the horizontal. As it rises, its vertical component of velocity

decreases.

If your mass remained the same while the mass of Earth doubled while staying the same size, your weight would

double.

Consider two planets in space that gravitationally attract each other. If the masses of both planets are doubled, and the distance between them doesn't change, then the force between them is

four times as much.

When you touch a piece of ice with your finger, energy flows

from your finger to the ice.

According to Newton, the greater the masses of interacting objects, the

greater the gravitational force between them.

If the radius of the Earth somehow decreased with no change in mass, your weight would

increase.

While at a concert, a wind blows directly from the orchestra toward you. The wavelength of the sound you hear is

increased

When the distance between two stars decreases by half, the force between them

increases to four times as much.

Two objects move toward each other due to gravity. As the objects get closer and closer, the acceleration of each

increases.

If you double the frequency of a vibrating object, its period

is half

The greatest expansion of water occurs when

it turns to ice

Would the springs inside a bathroom scale be more compressed or less compressed if you weighed yourself in an elevator that accelerated downward?

less compressed

Why doesn't the Moon fall toward Earth like apples do?

moon does fall but due to its tangential motion it also falls around Earth

Would the springs inside a bathroom scale be more compressed or less compressed if you weighed yourself in an elevator that accelerated upward?

more compressed

If the masses of two planets doubles and the distance between them also doubles, the force between them would be

none of the above (one-quarter, half as much, twice as much, four times as much.)

When the distance between two charges is halved, the electric force between the charges

quadruples

A pair of positively-charged plastic straws tend to

repel each other

Does a hot object contain thermal energy, or does it contain heat?

thermal energy

The motion of particles that contribute to temperature are

translational.

Consider two planets in space that gravitationally attract each other. If the mass of one planet is doubled, and the distance between them doesn't change, then the force between them is

twice as much

Inside a freely falling elevator your

weight is zero.

If the Earth had twice its present radius and twice its present mass, what would happen to your weight?

weight would be half


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