Physics 221 final multiple choice

You hear the sound of the ring of a distant cannon 5 seconds after seeing the flash. How far are you from the cannon? 1. ~500 m 2. ~1700 m 3. ~70 m 4. no way to tell

~1700

The intensity of sound wave A is 100 times that of sound wave B. Relative to wave B the sound level of wave A is -2 dB. +20 dB. +100 dB. +10 dB. +2 dB.

+20 dB.

A vibrating source generates a harmonic wave on a string under constant tension. If the power delivered to the string is doubled, by what factor does the amplitude change? no change 0.5 2 1.41 4

1.41

A grandfather clock is running slow. The period of its pendulum is too long. To shorten the period and make the clock run faster, you should. increase the mass of the pendulum bob. decrease the mass of the pendulum bob. Do nothing. The period cannot be changed. decrease the length of the pendulum. increase the length of the pendulum.

decrease the length of the pendulum.

In any process, the maximum amount of heat that can be converted into mechanical energy depends only on the amount of friction present. depends on whether kinetic or potential energy is involved. depends on the intake and exhaust temperatures. is 100%.

depends on the intake and exhaust temperatures.

n the figure below, two point sources S1 and S2, which are in phase, emit identical sound waves of wavelength 2.0 m. If L1 = 39 m and L2 = 36 m, what type of interference occurs at point P? beats no interference at all constructive interference destructive interference

destructive interference

Heat is the transfer of disordered energy from one system to another. Is it possible for heat to enter a system while the temperature of the system does not change? yes no

yes

Position, velocity and acceleration of an oscillating mass on a spring are shown as a function of time. What is the frequency of the oscillations? 1. ~0.8/s 2. ~2.5/s 3. ~0.4/s 4. ~4 s

~0.4/s

Position, velocity and acceleration of an oscillating mass on a spring are shown as a function of time. If the mass is 0.2 kg, what is the spring constant in N/m? Hint:T2/(4π2) = m/k 1.~6 2.~1.2 3.~3 4.~0.5

~1.2

Measure the frequency or period of a 0.1 kg mass oscillating on a spring. What is the spring constant of this spring? 1. ~0.3 N/m 2.~0.9 N/m 3.~3 N/m 4.~9 N/m 5.~80 N/m

~3 N/m

A string is clamped at both ends and plucked so it vibrates in a standing wave between two extreme positions as shown by the dashed lines below.If the string has length L and the frequency of oscillation of this mode is f, the speed of the waves on that string is 1. (2/3)fL 2. fL 3. (3/2)fL 4. 3f

(2/3)fL

A container with a piston-lid contains an ideal gas at temperature Ti = 27 oC (300 K) and a volume V0. The temperature is increased to Tf = 127 oC while the pressure is kept constant. What is the new volume? (4/3) V0 (2/3)V0 V0 (3/4) V0 (127/27) V0

(4/3) V0

The path on the diagram connection points (4) and (1) corresponds to which part of the cycle? (a) The air chamber is placed into the ice water. The temperature decreases and the gas contracts. The volume of air in the chamber decrease. (b) A mass is placed on the platform. The weight of the mass increases the pressure at constant temperature. The volume of air in the chamber decrease. (c) The air chamber is placed into hot water. The temperature rises and the gas expands. The volume of air in the chamber increases (d) The mass is removed from the platform. Removing the weight decreases the pressure at constant temperature, The volume of air in the chamber increases. (b)

(b) A mass is placed on the platform. The weight of the mass increases the pressure at constant temperature. The volume of air in the chamber decrease.

A wave traveling in the +x direction is described by the equation y= 0.1 sin (10 x − 100 t),where x and y are in meters and t is in seconds. Calculate (i) the wavelength, (ii) the period, (iii) the speed, and (iv) the amplitude of the wave 1. (i) 10 m, (ii) 0.100 s, (iii) 1 m/s, (iv) 0.1 m 2. (i) 0.63 m, (ii) 15.9 s, (iii) 10 m/s, (iv) 0.2 m 3. (i) 0.1 m, (ii) 0.01 s, (iii) 10 m/s, (iv) 0.1 m 4. (i) 0.63 m, (ii) 0.063 s, (iii) 10 m/s, (iv) 0.1 m

(i) 0.63 m, (ii) 0.063 s, (iii) 10 m/s, (iv) 0.1 m

For a sound wave of frequency 440 Hz, what is the wavelength(i) in air (propagation speed, v = 3.3 * 102 m/s)?(ii) in water (propagation speed, v = 1.5 * 103 m/s)? (i) 0.75 m, (ii) 3.41 m (i) and (ii) the wavelength is the same, 0.75 m. (i) 1.45 m, (ii) 6.6 m (i) 6.89 m, (ii) 1.52 m (i) 1.33 m, (ii) 0.29 m

(i) 0.75 m, (ii) 3.41 m

A wave traveling in the +x direction is described by the equation y = 10 m sin (5 x − 20 t)where x and y are in meters and t is in seconds. Calculate (i) the wavelength, (ii) the period, (iii) the speed, and (iv) the amplitude of the wave. 1. (i) 1.26 m, (ii) 0.314 s, (iii) 4 m/s, (iv) 10 m 2. (i) 0.314 m, (ii) 1.26 s, (iii) 0.25 m/s, (iv) 20 m 3. (i) 0.2 m, (ii) 0.05 s, (iii) 4 m/s, (iv) 5 m 4. (i) 2.51 m, (ii) 0.63 s, (iii) 10 m/s, (iv) 10 m

(i) 1.26 m, (ii) 0.314 s, (iii) 4 m/s, (iv) 10 m

Organ pipe B is open at both ends and is half as long as organ pipe A, which is open at one end, as shown. What is (i) the ratio of their fundamental wavelengths λA: λBand (ii) the ratio of their fundamental frequencies fA: fB? 1. (i) 1:1 (ii) 1:1 2. (i) 1:2 (ii) 1:2 3. (i) 2:1 (ii) 2:1 4. (i) 1:4 (ii) 4:1 5. (i) 4:1 (ii) 1:4

(i) 4:1 (ii) 1:4

By how much does the entropy of 100 g of water at 0oC change if the water is slowly converted into ice at 0 oC? The latent heat of fusion is 80 kcal/kg. 1. 8 kcal/K 2. -8 kcal/K 3. 0.029 kcal/K 4. -0.029 kcal/K 5. 33.5 J/K 6. -33.5 J/K

-0.029 kcal/K

What is the approximate period of the sound waves shown here? (The speed of sound in air is ~340 m/s.) 330 s 0.0151 s 0.0037 s 300 s 260 s

0.0037 s

A point source of sound waves emits a disturbance with a power of 50 W = 50 J/s into a surrounding homogeneous medium. What is the intensity of the sound at a distance of 10 m from the source? 0.4 W/m2 5 W/m2 0.04 W/m2 0.5 W/m2 0.08 W/m2

0.04 W/m2

A 0.5 kg mass oscillates about the equilibrium position on a vertical spring with spring constant 10 N/m. Where is its equilibrium position measured from the unstretched spring position (without the hanging mass)? 5 m 0.05 m 0.49 m 0 m 2.04 m

0.49 m

Which of the following wave functions describe a wave that moves in the -x-direction? 1. y(x,t) = A sin (-kx-ωt) 2. y(x,t) = A sin (kx+ ωt) 3. y(x,t) = A cos(kx+ ωt) A. 1 only B. 2 only C. 3 only D. 2 and 3 only E. 1, 2, and 3

1, 2, and 3

A string of length 100 cm is held fixed at both ends and vibrates in a standing wave pattern. The first harmonic is shown. The wavelengths of the standing waves making up the pattern cannot be 1. 400 cm. 2. 200 cm. 3. 100 cm. 4. 66.7 cm. 5. 50 cm

1. 400 cm.

Which sounds travel the fastest through air? 1. All sound travels at the same speed through air. 2. higher pitch sound 3. lower pitch sound 4. louder sound 5. quieter sound

1. All sound travels at the same speed through air.

5 moles of a monatomic gas has its pressure increased from 105Pa to 3*105Pa. This process occurs at a constant volume of 0.1 m3. Determine the change in the internal energy of the gas. Hint: U = (3/2)nRT, nRT= PV, R = 8.31 J/K 1.30000 J 2.15000 J 3.7500 J 4.The change in U depends on how the temperature was raised.

1.30000 J

The temperature in a furnace used to melt Aluminum is 660 oC. What is the average kinetic energy of the air molecules in the furnace? 9*10-21 J 1.93*10-20 J 933 J 1.37*10-20 J 660 J

1.93*10-20 J

If you double the radiating surface area of a star while keeping its temperature constant, its power output increases by a factor of 2. 1. It stays the same. 8. 4. 16.

2

100 dB corresponds to what intensity, in W/m2? 1. 10^-12 W/m2 2. 10^-19 W/m2 3. 10^-2 W/m2 4. 10^+10 W/m2 5. none of these

10^-2 W/m2

If the intensity of a 40 dB sound is increased to 80 dB, the intensity inW/m2increases by a factor of 1. 2 2. 4 3. 40 4. 10^4 5. 10^40

10^4

A pure sound notes from a sources make the molecules of air at a location vibrate simple harmonically in accordance with the equation y1= 0.008 sin (302 π t). What is the frequency of the sound wave? 1. 604 Hz 2. 302 Hz 3. 96 Hz 4. 151 Hz

151 Hz

A sample of water at 0oC is slowly converted into ice at 0oC? The entropy of the sample changes by ΔS = -0.586 kcal/K. What is the mass of the sample? The latent heat of fusion is 80 kcal/kg. 1. 2 kg 2. 100 g 3. 46.9 kg 4. 7.3 g 5. 1 kg

2 kg

The _______ the temperature difference between hot and cold, the larger the fraction of heat you can divert and transform into __________. 1. larger; temperature 2. larger; work 3. smaller; work 4. smaller; temperature

2.larger; work

Heat is added at a rate of 10.0 kJ/min to a 0.5 kg solid sample starting at t = 0 min. What is the melting temperature of the sample? -5 oC 268 K 10 K 283 K 0 oC

283 K

Two dice are thrown. Let the macrostate be the sum of the two numbers on the top faces. What is the multiplicity of the macrostate "4"? 4 6 2 3 1

3

Pure sound notes from two sources make the molecules of air at a location vibrate simple harmonically in accordance with the equations y1 = 0.008 sin (604 π t) and y2= 0.007 sin (610 π t) respectively. The number of beats heard by a person at the location will be 6. 2. 4. 1. 3.

3.

Consider the change a gas undergoes as it transitions from point c to point a in the PV diagram. What type of process is this? 1. Adiabatic 2. Isothermal 3. Isobaric 4. Isochoric 5. none of the above

3. Isobaric

An ideal gas in a closed container with a piston lid is taken from thermodynamic state, 1, to a new thermodynamic state, 2, by an isothermal path as shown below in the P-V plane. Let ΔU be the internal energy change during this process, ΔQ be the heat transferred into the gas, and ΔW be the work done by the gas. 1.ΔU is positive, ΔQ is positive and ΔW= 0 2.ΔU is negative, ΔQ is negative and ΔW= 0 3.ΔW is positive, ΔQ is positive and ΔU= 0

3. ΔW is positive, ΔQ is positive and ΔU= 0

Your friends decide to play a prank on you and lock you in a room with two speakers making an incessant hum at 680 Hz. Which of the following locations would deafen the hum the most?(Take the speed of sound to be 340 m/s.) 2.35 m away from speaker A; 2.35 m away from speaker B 1.0 m away from speaker A; 3.0 m away from speaker B 3.00 m away from speaker A; 3.75 m away from speaker B 2.25 m away from speaker A; 4.65 m away from speaker B Correct!

3.00 m away from speaker A; 3.75 m away from speaker B

A standing wave is established on a 1.2 m long string fixed at both ends. The string vibrates in four segments when driven at 120 Hz. What is the fundamental frequency? 15 Hz 240 Hz 120 Hz 60 Hz 30 Hz

30 Hz

A pure sound notes from a sources make the molecules of air at a location vibrate with simple harmonic motion in accordance with the equation y1= 0.008 sin (604 π t). What is the frequency of the sound wave? 1. 604 Hz 2. 302 Hz 3. 96 Hz 4. 1898 Hz

302 Hz

The temperature on a nice summer day is 84 oF. What is the temperature on the absolute (Kelvin) temperature scale? 187 K 456 K 357 K 29 K 302 K

302 K

Suppose you have a tube 0.25 m long with a speaker at one end and with the other end open. If you gradually increase the frequency of the speaker from zero at about what approximate frequency will you hear the first resonance? 250 Hz 1050 Hz 1400 Hz 350 Hz 700 Hz

350 Hz

A stationary source S generates circular outgoing waves on a lake. The wave speed is 5.0 m/s and the crest-to-crest distance is 2.0 m. A person in a motorboat heads directly toward S at 3.0 m/s. To this person, the frequency of these waves is: 2 Hz. 1.5 Hz. 4 Hz 8 Hz. 1 Hz.

4 Hz

In the cyclic process on an ideal gas shown in the adjoining PV diagram, what is the net work done by the gas during the cycle? zero -4 PV 4 PV -2 PV 2 PV

4 PV

When a tuning fork is sounded together with a 492 Hz tone, a beat frequency of 2 Hz is heard. Then a small piece of putty is struck to the tuning fork, and the tuning fork is again sounded along with the 492 Hz tone. The beat frequency decreases. What is the frequency of the tuning fork? 1. 490 Hz 2. 492 Hz 3. 494 Hz 4. None of the above.

494 Hz

We flip a fair coin 10 times. Define a macrostate to be the number of heads. Which macrostate is most likely to occur? 1. 10 heads 2. 7 heads 3. 5 heads 4.1 head

5 heads

At which temperature do the molecules of an ideal gas have 3 times the kinetic energy they have at 32oF? 96 oF 546 oC 35.5 oC 819 oC 273 oC

546 oC

Beats are produced when two tuning forks, one of frequency 240 Hz and another of frequency 246 Hz are sounded together. The frequency of the beats is 3 Hz. 240 Hz. 246 Hz. 6 Hz. 12 Hz.

6 Hz.

A train whistle is blown by the driver who hears the sound at 600 Hz. If the train is heading towards a station at 25.0 m/s, what will the whistle sound like to a waiting commuter? Take the speed of sound to be 340 m/s. 1. 600 Hz 2. 644 Hz 3. 647 Hz 4. 625 Hz

647 Hz

An alarm clock makes a sound that has intensity 60 dB at a distance of 1 m. What is the sound intensity of 100 such clocks which are all 1 m away? 160 dB 6000 dB 80 dB 100 dB 70 dB

80 dB

A microwave oven is rated at 1000 W. At sea level, how long will it take to bring a cup of water (250 ml) to boil from room temperature (20 °C)? Assume the specific heat capacity of the cup itself is negligible.(for water: cw = 4190 J/(kg K), 1 ml = 1 cm3 = 1 g) 60 s 84 s 2.5 min 25 s 42 s

84 s

A 0.500 kg mass is attached to a spring of constant 150 N/m. A driving force F(t) = (12.0 N)cos(ωt) is applied to the mass, and the damping coefficient b is 6.00 Ns/m. What is the amplitude of the steady-state motion if ω is equal to half of the natural frequency ω0 of the system? 7.8 cm 0.1 cm 11 cm 9.7 cm 2.5 m

9.7 cm

A gas is in a container with a piston lid and is taken from thermodynamic state, 1, to a new thermo-dynamic state, 2, by several different paths, A, B, and C, in the P-V plane. The internal energy of the gas increases during the process. The work done by the gas is largest for path C. The work done by the gas is the same for the three paths. A. B.

A

We observe the harmonic motion of an object. Its position as a function of time shown in the graph below is given by x = 1* cos(π t), where x is measured in meter and t is measured in seconds. What are the amplitude (A), the period (T), and frequency (f) of the motion? A: 1 m, T: 1 s, f: 1 Hz A: 2 m, T: 2 s, f: 2 Hz A: -1 m, T: 1 s, f: 1 Hz A: 1 m, T: 2 s, f: 0.5 Hz A: 2 m, T: 2 s, f: 0.5 Hz

A: 1 m, T: 2 s, f: 0.5 Hz

If ∆ = 1 m and the speed of sound is 340 m/s, which statement is correct? 1. At the frequency f = 680 Hz the sound at the position of the listener is loud. 2. At the frequency f = 1190 Hz the sound at the position of the listener is very soft. 3. At the frequency f = 340 Hz the sound at the position of the listener is loud. 4. All of the above statements are correct.

All of the above statements are correct

Heat is added at a rate of 10.0 kJ/min to a 0.5 kg solid sample starting at t = 0 min.A temperature versus time diagram is shown. In which region(s) is the liquid phase present? 1. A 2. B 3. C 4. A and B 5. B and C

B and C

When I bake a sweet potato in the oven, I always put it on a thin sheet of aluminum foil. This is because sometimes the potato exudes a sugary juice that burns and makes a hard-to-clean-up mess if it drips on the bottom of the oven. When I'm ready to take the potato out of the hot (400o F) oven after an hour of cooking, I find I can pick up the aluminum foil with my bare hands without getting burned. Why? Because the aluminum foil has a high specific heat so that it holds on to most of the thermal energy. Because the aluminum foil has a low specific heat and not much mass, so even at a high temperature it doesn't have a lot of thermal energy in it to burn me. Because the aluminum foil has a low thermal conductivity so that although the foil is hot, the heat doesn't flow into my hand. Because the aluminum foil doesn't get hot in the oven, even though the oven is at a high temperature.

Because the aluminum foil has a low specific heat and not much mass, so even at a high temperature it doesn't have a lot of thermal energy in it to burn me.

Two flutists are tuning up. If the conductor hears the beat frequency increasing, are the two flute frequencies getting closer together or father apart? 1. No way to tell 2. Closer 3. Farther apart

Farther apart

A simple pendulum of length L oscillates back and forth 10 times per second. By what factor do you have to change its length to make it oscillate back and forth only 5 times per second? 1. Increase the length by a factor of √2. 2. Increase the length by a factor of 2. 3. Increase the length by a factor of 4. 4. Decrease the length by a factor of √2. 5. Decrease the length by a factor of 2. 6. Decrease the length by a factor of 4.

Increase the length by a factor of 4

One mole of monatomic gas undergoes an adiabatic process (i.e. one where no heat enters or leaves the system). A pressure versus volume graph of the process is shown to the right. The initial and final volumes are given in the table below. Ideal gas law: PV = nRT, R = 8.31 J/K What are the initial and final temperatures? 1. There is not enough information given to know. 2. The same, since no heat enters the system. 3. Initial T: 361 K; final T: 144 K 4. Initial T: 3000 K; final T: 1200 K

Initial T: 361 K; final T: 144 K

A gas, confined to an insulated cylinder, is compressed adiabatically (and reversibly) to half its original volume. Does the entropy of the gas increase, decrease, or remain unchanged during this process? 1. It increases 2. It decreases 3. It remains unchanged

It remains unchanged

An ice-cube sits in a bath of water. The water, the ice and the surrounding air are all at 0 oC.Does heat enter the ice cube? 1. Yes, from the water only 2. Yes, from the air only 3. Yes, from the water and the air 4. No

No

Is it possible to cool down a well insulated room on a hot summer day by leaving the refrigerator door open, and using the refrigerator as an air conditioner? 1. No 2. Yes 3. Only if it is a very large capacity refrigerator.

No

An object on the end of a spring is oscillating in simple harmonic motion. If the amplitude A of oscillation is doubled, how does this affect the oscillation period T and the object's maximum speed vmax? T doubles and vmax remains the same. T remains the same and vmax increases by a factor of 4. T and vmax both remain the same. T remains the same and vmax doubles. T and vmax both double.

T remains the same and vmax doubles.

A gas is in a container with a piston lid and is taken from thermodynamic state, 1, to a new thermo-dynamic state, 2, by several different paths, A, B, and C, in the P-V plane. The internal energy of the gas increases during the process. The internal energy change is largest for path A. C. The internal energy change is the same for the three paths. B.

The internal energy change is the same for the three paths.

A chair has a wooden seat but metal legs. The chair legs feel colder to the touch than does the seat. Why? 1. The metal is at a lower temperature than the wood. 2. The metal has a higher specific heat than the wood. 3. The metal has a lower specific heat than the wood. 4. The metal has a higher thermal conductivity than the wood. 5. The metal has a lower thermal conductivity than the wood.

The metal has a higher thermal conductivity than the wood

You fill two identical mugs with coffee, but the coffee in one mug is at a higher temperature than that in the other mug. You place the two mugs simultaneously in a microwave oven and turn it on briefly. As a result, you add 1 Joule of thermal energy to each mug. Which mug experiences the larger increase in entropy (if any)? The two mugs experience equal increases in entropy. The entropy of both mugs increases, but without more information it is impossible to answer the question. Neither mug experiences any increase in entropy. The mug containing the colder coffee experiences the larger increase in entropy. The mug containing the hotter coffee experiences the larger increase in entropy.

The mug containing the colder coffee experiences the larger increase in entropy.

Which of the statements below is wrong? A damped pendulum does not have a constant period. The period of a simple pendulum noticeably depends on the amplitude for large amplitudes. In a zero g environment a pendulum does not execute oscillatory motion. For the same amplitude and the same pendulum length, the period is independent of the mass. The net force acting on the pendulum bob is F = -mgsinθ. The period increases with amplitude because this force increases faster than harmonic restoring force F= -mgθ.

The net force acting on the pendulum bob is F = -mgsinθ. The period increases with amplitude because this force increases faster than harmonic restoring force F= -mgθ.

How will the wavelengths of the harmonics of an open tube compare with those of a string of the same length L? 1. They will be the same. 2. They will be totally different

They will be the same

An ice cube is placed in a cup containing some liquid water. The water and ice exchange energy with each other but not with the outside world. Consider the following possibility: After awhile, we find that the water has increased in temperature and ice has gotten colder. Which statement is correct? 1. This process can satisfy the 1st law of thermodynamics and happens in nature. 2. This process violates the 1st law and does not happen in nature. 3. This process can satisfy the 1st law, but still does not happen in nature. 4. This process violates both the first and the 2nd law of thermodynamics.

This process can satisfy the 1st law, but still does not happen in nature.

Why does heat, of itself, not flow from a cold to a hot object, if it is allowed by Newton's laws? 1. Energy would not be conserved. 2. Cold matter is more dense, and therefore this would require transfer of matter. 3. This would require a large departure from equilibrium, which is extremely unlikely. 4. Heat does flow from cold objects to hot objects. Every winter regions near the poles get colder while regions near the equator get even hotter.

This would require a large departure from equilibrium, which is extremely unlikely.

It is possible to change the temperature of a system when the system is insulated from its surroundings, so that no heat can flow into and out of the system. 1. True 2. False

True

We flip a fair coin 10 times. Define a macrostate to be the number of heads. Define each microstate as a a particular sequence of heads and tails. Some microstates for coin flips are listed below. "H" stands for heads and "T" stands for tails. Rank the microstates from most likely to least likely to occur Most →least likely 1. I) →II) →III) →IV) 2. VI) →III) →II) →I) 3. VI) = III) →II) →I) 4. VI) = III) =II) =I)

VI) = III) =II) =I)

As a sound source moving with constant velocity approaches and then moves past a stationary observer, the observer will hear 1. a steady rise in pitch. 2. a sudden drop in pitch. 3. a rise in pitch, then a drop in pitch. 4. a drop in pitch, then a rise in pitch

a sudden drop in pitch

At a given temperature: light gas molecules have lower average kinetic energies than heavy gas molecules. all the molecules in a gas have the same average speed. more massive gas molecules have higher speed. all the molecules in a gas have the same average kinetic energy. light gas molecules have higher average kinetic energies than heavy gas molecules.

all the molecules in a gas have the same average kinetic energy.

A star with a surface temperature of 6000 K appears yellow in color. A star with a surface temperature of 4000 K will: appear reddish on color. appear bluish in color. probably be invisible. look the same.

appear reddish on color.

Sound waves are a mixture of longitudinal and transverse waves. move slower when the amplitude increases. are transverse waves. are longitudinal waves. have a frequency-dependent speed.

are longitudinal waves

The P-V diagram below shows six curved paths (connected by vertical paths) that can be followed by a gas. Which two of them should be part of a closed cycle if the net work done by the gas is to be at its maximum positive value? c and f c and e a and f a and e

c and e

A heat engine extracts usable work by permitting work to undergo a complete transformation into heat. creating more heat than it converts. heat to flow from a colder object to a hotter object. heat to undergo a complete transformation into work. heat to flow from a hotter object to a colder object.

heat to flow from a hotter object to a colder object.

In any process, the maximum amount of mechanical energy that can be converted into thermal energy is 100%. depends only on the amount of friction present. is less than 80%. depends on the intake and exhaust temperatures. depends on whether kinetic or potential energy is involved.

is 100%.

A hand moves to produce a periodic wave. You are making a movie. You freeze the movie and get this snapshot. If you advance the movie one frame, the knot at point A would be in the same place. lower. to the left. to the right. higher.

lower

The volume of a gaseous sample is increased from V1 to V2 in three different ways. A-->B: isobaric processA-->C: isothermal processA-->D: adiabatic process Then the work done by the gas is maximum in the adiabatic process. maximum in the isobaric process. maximum in the isothermal process. minimum in the isothermal process. minimum in the isobaric process.

maximum in the isobaric process.

Two thermometers, one calibrated in oF and one in oC, are used to measure the same temperature. The numerical reading on the Fahrenheit thermometer is less than that on the Celsius thermometer. is equal to that on the Celsius thermometer. is greater than that on the Celsius thermometer. is never equal to that on the Celsius thermometer. may be equal, higher or lower than that on the Celsius thermometer, depending on the temperature.

may be equal, higher or lower than that on the Celsius thermometer, depending on the temperature.

When a car is at rest, its horn emits a sound wave of wavelength 0.55 m. A person standing in the middle of the street hears the horn with a frequency of 560 Hz. If the speed of sound is 330 m/s, should the person jump out of the way? 1. yes 2. no

no

Assume we can change the equilibrium state of a system via two different processes. Assume that the initial and the final state are the same. Which of the quantities ΔU, ΔQ, ΔW, and ΔT must be the same for the two processes? only ΔQ and ΔW only ΔQ and ΔT only ΔU and ΔW ΔU, ΔQ, ΔW, and ΔT only ΔU and ΔT

only ΔU and ΔT

The position of a mass on a spring as a function of time is shown below. Consider the time corresponding to point P. At this time the mass 1. positive velocity and negative acceleration. 2. negative velocity and positive acceleration. 3. positive velocity and positive acceleration. 4. zero velocity and maximum acceleration

positive velocity and negative acceleration

People fighting forest fires carry emergency tents that have shiny aluminum outer surfaces. If there is trouble, a fire fighter can lie under the tent to block the heat from burning trees overhead. The tent helps because 1. conduction carries heat downward toward the fire fighter and the aluminum tent conducts that heat harmlessly into the ground. 2. radiation carries heat downward toward the fire fighter and the aluminum tent reflects most of that radiation. 3. convection carries heat downward toward the fire fighter and the aluminum tent blocks most of the heat carried by convection. 4. both conduction and radiation carry heat downward toward the fire fighter and the aluminum tent blocks most of that heat.

radiation carries heat downward toward the fire fighter and the aluminum tent reflects most of that radiation

A simple pendulum consists of a point mass m suspended by a massless, unstretchable string of length L. If the mass is doubled while the length of the string remains the same, the period of the pendulum 1. becomes 4 times greater. 2. becomes twice as great. 3. becomes greater by a factor of square root of 2. 4. decreases. 5. remains unchanged.

remains unchanged

A refrigerator 1. changes heat to cold. 2. produces cold. 3. causes heat to disappear. 4. removes heat from a cold region and delivers the same amount of heat to a hotter region. 5. removes heat from a cold region and delivers more heat to a hotter region.

removes heat from a cold region and delivers more heat to a hotter region

The longer the wavelength of a sound wave the higher is its frequency. the smaller is its amplitude. the lower is its pitch. the lower is its speed.

the lower is its pitch.

A sinusoidal force with a given amplitude is applied to an oscillator. To maintain the largest amplitude oscillation, the frequency of the applied force should be determined from the maximum speed desired. unrelated to the natural frequency of the oscillator. the same as the natural frequency of the oscillator. twice the natural frequency of the oscillator. half the natural frequency of the oscillator.

the same as the natural frequency of the oscillator.

Standing waves are produced by periodic waves of 1. Any amplitude and wavelength traveling in the same direction. 2. the same amplitude and wavelength traveling in the same direction. 3. Any amplitude and wavelength traveling in opposite directions. 4. the same frequency, amplitude, and wavelength traveling in opposite directions

the same frequency, amplitude, and wavelength traveling in opposite directions

The speed of sound waves having a frequency of 256 Hz compared to the speed of a sound wave having a frequency of 512 Hz is half as great. twice as great. the same. four times as great.

the same.

You are watching a semi truck bounce up and down on a spring. (Yep it's a toy.) At the topmost point in the truck's path, the truck's velocity is zero but its acceleration is upward. the truck's velocity is downward but its acceleration is upward. the truck's velocity is upward but its acceleration is downward. the truck's velocity is zero but its acceleration is downward. the truck's velocity is downward and its acceleration is downward.

the truck's velocity is zero but its acceleration is downward.

How many nodes and antinodes are shown in the standing wave below? one-third node and one antinode one node and two antinodes three nodes and two antinodes two nodes and three antinodes

three nodes and two antinodes

A sine wave and a square wave cannot have the same loudness. tone quality. pitch. frequency. wavelength.

tone quality.

It is possible for heat to flow across vacuum. 1. true 2. false

true

If you double the wavelength λ of a wave on a string under fixed tension, what happens to the wave speed v and the wave frequency f? 1. v is doubled and f is doubled. 2. v is doubled and f is unchanged. 3. v is unchanged and f is halved. 4. v is unchanged and f is doubled. 5. v is halved and f is unchanged.

v is unchanged and f is halved

Sound does not pass through nitrogen. vacuum. water. steel. diamond.

vacuum.

While a guitar string is vibrating, you gently touch the midpoint of the string to ensure that the string does not vibrate at that point. The lowest-frequency standing wave that could be present on the string vibrates at three times the fundamental frequency. vibrates at four times the fundamental frequency. There is not enough information given to decide. vibrates at the fundamental frequency. vibrates at twice the fundamental frequency.

vibrates at twice the fundamental frequency.