Physics Ch.11

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A nucleon has a mass of about

1 atomic mass unit or 1 amu

Compared to the mass of a hydrogen atom, the mass of an oxygen atom is

16 times as great

How many protons should be added to the nuclei of oxygen atoms so the resulting gas will glow red when an electric current is in it?

2

How many atoms are in this carbohydrate molecule, C₆H₁₂O₆?

24

If a gram of antimatter meets a kilogram of matter, the amount of mass to survive is

999 grams

Why can't atoms be seen with a powerful optical microscope?

Atoms are much smaller than a wavelength of light

What is a compound? Cite two examples

Atoms of different elements with bonds between them: NaCl and H₂O

What is a mixture? Cite two examples.

Atoms pressed together without bonding: air and salt and sand

What are the five most common elements in humans?

C, H, O, N and Ca

What kind of attraction pulls electrons close to the atomic nucleus?

Electric

Which of the following are negatively charged? Protons Electrons Neutrons Atomic nuclei

Electrons

Since atoms are mostly empty space, why don't we fall through a floor we stand on?

Electrons in one atom repel the electrons in another

Which of these atoms has the largest number of neutrons in the nucleus?

Gold

What is the evidence that dark matter exists?

Gravitational forces within galaxies are too great to be accounted for with ordinary matter.

What element has the lightest atoms?

Hydrogen

What is the most abundant element in the known universe?

Hydrogen

Who advanced the idea of atoms in the early 1800s?

John Dalton

Distinguish between mass number and atomic mass

Mass number is the number of nucleons Atomic mass is the total mass of an atom

Are most of the atoms around us younger or older than the Sun?

Most are older than the Sun

Where did the heaviest of elements originate?

Nuclear fission in supernovas

If you place a Styrofoam cup on the table and a bunch of BBs move around it randomly, what will happen to the cup, and why?

The cup will move randomly in different directions because the BBs will exert unequal forces on the cup in different directions

How does the approximate number of atoms in the air in your lungs compare with the number of breaths of air in Earth's atmosphere?

The numbers are the same, 10²³

Compared with the energy it takes to separate oxygen and hydrogen from water, how much energy is released when they recombine?

The same amount of energy is released when they recombine.

What occurs when a proton and an antiproton meet?

They annihilate each other.

What is meant by the term nucleon?

a proton or neutron

Which of the following is NOT a compound? water ammonia salt air

air

A force that determines the chemical properties of an atom is

an electrical force

A pair of helium nuclei fused together produces

beryllium

What is the number of orbiting electrons in each when the isotopes are electrically neutral?

cobalt-59, cobalt-60= 27, 27 electrons

The atomic masses of two isotopes of cobalt are 59 and 60. What is the number of protons in each?

cobalt-59, cobalt-60= 27,27 protons

What is the number of neutrons in each?

cobalt-59, cobalt-60= 32,33 neutrons

Heavy atoms are not appreciably larger in size than light atoms because the nuclei of heavy atoms have more

electric charge

The chemical properties of matter are due mostly to their

electrons

To become a negative ion, does an atom lose or gain an electron?

gains

An isotope is simply an atom that

has different numbers of neutrons for the same element.

An important feature of atoms is that they _________.

have wave properties

The electrical force is stronger between the nucleus and an inner electron for atoms of

high atomic number

Where in the atom is most of its mass concentrated? What is this mass composed of?

in the nucleus as protons and neutrons

How does one isotope differ from another?

it has a different number of neutrons

How does the electric charge of a proton compare with the electric charge of an electron?

it is equal and opposite

Which of these has the greatest number of protons in its nucleus? silver mercury gold lead

lead

To become a positive ion, does an atom lose or gain an electron?

loses

A granite block is mostly empty space because the atoms in the granite are

mostly empty space themselves

The charge in the nucleus of an antimatter hydrogen atoms is __________.

negative

Which of the following are electrically neutral? neutrons ions protons electrons

neutrons

If no molecules in a body could escape, would the body have any odor?

no

Which of the following is NOT a mixture? cake beach sand air granite none of the above

none of the above

Mass number refers to the number of

nucleons in the nucleus

Although solid matter is mostly empty space, we don't fall through the floor because

of electrical forces.

The number of protons in a neutral atom is balanced by an equal number of

orbital electrons

Dark matter is considered to be __________.

plentiful in the universe

An element is distinct because of its number of

protons

Atomic number refers to the number of

protons in the nucleus

Heavier atoms are not proportionally larger than lighter atoms due to the greater number of protons

pulling surrounding electrons into tighter shells.

Which is the smallest particle?

quark

What element results if two protons and two neutrons are ejected from a radium nucleus?

radon

What did Robert Brown see in his microscope? (video)

random motions

When carbon and oxygen atoms combine, energy is

released by the reaction

Atoms can be photographed by

scanning electron microscopes and electron beams

Assuming all the atoms exhaled by Julius Caesar in his last dying breath are still in the atmosphere, we breathe in at least one of them each

single breath

If we doubled the magnifying power of the most powerful optical microscope in the world, we would

still not be able to see or photograph an atom

Why aren't heavier elements much larger than lighter elements?

the larger positive charge in the nucleus pulls the electrons into closer orbits

What does the atomic number of an element tell you about the element?

the number of protons in its nucleus

Compared to the atoms that make up the body of an elderly person, the atoms that make up the body of a newborn baby are

the same age

Why can atoms be seen with an electron beam?

the wavelength of the electrons is smaller than an atom

Atoms heavier than helium were at one time manufactured by

thermonuclear fusion

The number of atoms in a common water molecule is __________.

three

True or False: molecules are the smallest subdivision of matter that still retain a substance's chemical properties

true

True or False: there are only about 100 different kinds of atoms that combine to form all substances

true

How many different kinds of elements are in a water molecule?

two

The difficulty of taking a photograph of an atom with light is

unwanted diffraction and that atoms are smaller than wavelengths of light

Which of the following elements has the most mass?

uranium

Which of these atoms has the greatest number of electrons? gold iron helium carbon uranium

uranium

The chance that at least one of the atoms exhaled in your previous breath will be inhaled in your next breath is

very high


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