Physics Chapter 1
What symbols are used in plane polar coordinates?
(r,θ) r for distance and theta for angle
What charge does the up, charm and top quarks carry?
+2/3
What charge does the down, strange, and bottom quarks carry?
-1/3
Vector A multiplied by scalar -3 is
-3A with opposite direction and magnitude 3 times that of original A
What is the result for 1.002-0.998 using significant figures and how many significant figures?
0.004 and 1
How many significant figures are in 0.03?
1
How many significant figures are in 500?
1
What is the result for 1.0001+0.0003 using significant figures and how many significant figures?
1.0004 and 5
9.4X10^4 + 6X10^4
1.5X10^5
10,000 is equal to
10 000
What is the result for 123+5.35 using significant figures and how many significant figures?
128 and 3
How many significant figures are in 0.0075
2
Which quarks make up a neutron and what is the charge?
2 down quarks and 1 up quarks for a charge of 0
examples of order of magnitude
2 is close to 1, 60 is close to 100, 27 is close to 10
Which quarks make up a proton and what is the charge?
2 up quarks and 1 down quark for a charge of +1
What is more precise? 2 or 2.00000?
2.00000
How many significant figures are in 1.50?
3
Find the number of significant figures in each of the following. (a) 76.8 ± 0.1 (b) 3.4 ✕ 109 (c) 3 ✕ 10−6 (d) 0.0043
3 2 1 2
Vector A multiplied by scalar 3 is
3A with same direction and magnitude 3 times that of original A
How many significant figures are in 1.500?
4
Use the rules for significant figures to find the answer to the addition problem S = 13.4 + 13 + 17.67 + 1.303.
45
A builder wants to install wall-to-wall carpeting in a living room of length 8.86 m and width 6.1 m. What is the area of the room (in m2)? Express your answer using the proper number of significant figures.
54
400x150 with significant figures
6X10^4
A rectangular airstrip measures 31.60 m by 220 m, with the width measured more accurately than the length. Find the area (in m2), taking into account significant figures.
7.0x10^3
750x125 with significant figures
9.4x10^4
What does the component Ax signify?
A cos θ or cos θ= Ax/A
What does a dimension do?
A dimension denotes the physical nature of a quantity such as feet, meters or furlongs denote the dimension of length
What does the component Ay signify?
A sine θ or sin θ= Ay/A
What is vector A magnitude described by the Pythagorean theorem?
A= √Ax^2+ Ay^2
An airplane flies 200 km due west from city A to city B and then 260 km in the direction of 25.5° north of west from city B to city C. (a) In straight-line distance, how far is city C from city A? km (b) Relative to city A, in what direction is city C? ° north of west (c) Why is the answer only approximately correct?
An airplane flies 200 km due west from city A to city B and then 260 km in the direction of 25.5° north of west from city B to city C. (a) In straight-line distance, how far is city C from city A? 448.9 km (b) Relative to city A, in what direction is city C? 14.4 ° north of west (c) Why is the answer only approximately correct? because when an airplane flies it follows the contour of the earth. This means that in real life, a plane will travel slightly farther than the calculated distance. The calculations only accord for a straight line distance.
What is the order of the levels of organization of matter from biggest to smallest?
Atoms > nucleus > protons & neutrons > quarks
v is velocity, x is position and t is time, then which equation is not dimensionally correct?
C
Which atom does not contain neutrons?
Hydrogen atoms
What does the number of protons in a nucleus do?
It determines what the element is
What is a significant figure?
It is a reliably known digit. They are not 100% reliable
What is the new definition of the meter established in 1983?
It is defined as the distance traveled by light in vacuum during a time interval of 1/299 792 458 per second. Or the speed of light at 299 792 458 meters per second
How is the SI unit of mass, the kilogram, defined and what is it used to measure?
It is defined as the mass of a specific platinum-iridium alloy cylinder kept at the International Bureau of Weights and Measures at Sevres, France. It is used to measure the resistance to a change in the motion of an object
What is the negative of a vector?
It is the vector that gives zero when added to the original vector. The two vectors will have same magnitude but opposite directions
What is an order of magnitude?
It requires finding a power of 10 that is closest to the actual value of the quantity
What does dimensional analysis do?
It shows that dimensions can be treated as algebraic quantities
Velocity
L/T
Acceleration
L/T^2
Area
L^2
Volume
L^3
What do vector quantities provide?
Magnitude and direction. A common vector quantity is velocity such as driving 60 mi/hr going eastward
What are the three quantities in mechanics that are used for all other quantities?
Mass (M) Length (L) and Time (T)
What is true abut neutrons?
Neutrons have no charge and their mass is equivalent to that of a proton
Addition/Subtraction rum significant figures
Number of smallest decimal places would be used in end result
Protons, neutrons and many other particles are made of?
Quarks and there are 6 types
What are the components of vector R=A+B
Rx= Ax+Bx and Ry=Ay+By
How math be used in scalar and vector quantities?
Scalar quantities can use algebra to be manipulated. Vector quantities can be added, subtracted and multiplied
What does SI stand for and what are its units for length, mass and time?
Systeme International and meter, kilogram, and second
What is a common coordinate system used?
The Cartesian coordinate system or rectangular coordinate system
What does R stand for in vectors?
The resultant vector
How is the second now defined?
The second is now defined as the 9 192 631 700 times the period of oscillation of radiation from the cesium atom
What are components of a vector?
These are projections of a vector along the axes of the rectangular coordinates system. Ax and Ay are two components that combine to form vector A
What do are scalar quantities provide and how are they named?
They are found with a number giving its magnitude or size without a direction. Common scalar quantities are mass, temperature, volume and speed
What is the importance of significant figures?
They are used to determine the number of digits that should be retained at the end of a calculation
What is the actual angle if sine of the angle is 0.866?
Use sin^-1 (0.866) to find 60 degrees
How to solve for θ of a component
Use the inverse tangent function tan^-1 (Ay/Ax). Add 180 if the vector is in the second or third quadrants
When are two vectors equal?
When they have the same magnitude and direction
When can two vectors be added?
When they have the same units
How can you construct vector A minus vector B?
You add vector A to negative vector B or A-B=A+ (-B)
What happens when you multiply/divide a vector by a scalar?
Your result is a vector
the distance d that a particle travels is given by d= at+bt^2. a and b are constants and t is time. find the dimensions of a and b
a
what is the sum of vectors q and r?
a
10^-18
atto or a
A taxicab moves five blocks due north, five blocks due east, and another three blocks due north. Assume all blocks are of equal size. What is the magnitude of the taxi's displacement, start to finish?
b
find vector R minus vector Q
c
the negative of vector R is?
c
10^-2
centi or c
some common Gaussain(cgs) units
centimeter(cm) gram(g) second(s)
10^-1
deci or d
10^1
deka or da
10^18
exa or E
10^-15
femto or f
some common U.S. customary system units
foot(ft) slug and second(s)
10^9
giga or G
10^3
kilo or k
10^6
mega or M
some common SI units
meter(m) kilogram(kg) and second(s)
10^-6
micro or u
10^-3
milli or m
How is coordinates (5,3) reached in the Cartesian coordinate system?
moving horizontally to the right 3 spaces then vertically up 5 spaces
10^-9
nano or n
What are protons?
natures most common carrier of positive charges, equal in magnitude but opposite in sign to the charge of electrons
Can dimensional analysis determine whether the area of a circle is πr2 or 2πr2? Explain.
no
10^15
peta or P
10^-12
pico or p
What is vector A direction described by the definition of the tangent?
tan θ= Ay/Ax
10^12
tera or T
Multiplying/dividing significant figures rule
the product/quotient significant figures is the same as the amount of significant figures in the smallest number of significant figures
How many significant figures are in 16.3x4.5 and what is the result?
two significant figures and 73
What are the 6 different types of quarks?
up, down, strange, charm, bottom and top
cos θ is
x/r
sine θ is
y/r
tan θ is
y/x
