Physics Chapter 12

how long does Pluto take to orbit the sun

248 years

how long does it take pluto to make 1 revolution around the sun

248 years

Define gravity

A force that pulls objects toward each other

this theory states that at one time there was a big explosion that caused all matter to be hurled outwards

Big Bang theory

what theory is used to explain the origin of the universe

Big Bang theory

what scientist was the first to measure the universal gravitational constant

Cavendish

whose theories was newton able to prove once he did of his research

Copernicus

what other planet was discovered as a result of uranus's perturbation

Pluto

why is the earth round

because of gravity

even though the earth's gravity keeps the moon in an orbit around the earth, why doesn't the gravitational pull cause the moon to crash into the earth

because of the tangential velocity

what field of math did newton develop in order to prove his theories

calculas

what field of math did newton invent which allowed him to prove his center of gravity theory

calculas

Besides your mass, what other factor influences your weight

distance away from the earth

why can't we say that expansion of the universe if cyclic

don't have enough evidence

what law states that the further an object moves away from another objects the more the gravitational pull lessens between objects

inverse square law

what would happen to the moon if it was not affected by the earth's gravity

it flies away

why don't the planets just crash into the sun

it has tangential velocities

what happens to the gravitational field between objects as they move away from each other

it is lessens and it spreads out

newton did not discover gravity. what did he discover about gravity

it is universal

What happens to the weight of an object as it moves away from the earth's center

it lessens

Newton did not discover gravity. What did he discover about gravity

it was universal

what would happen to a cannon ball that was fired from the top of the earth if it had enough speed to escape the gravitational pull of the earth

it will orbit earth

what did newton theorize would happen to the moon if gravity were not present

it would leave the orbit

how does your weight change as you move away from the center of the earth

less

the deviation of planets from their normal path is called

perturbation

what has allowed scientists to discover other planets

perturbation

it can be said that the philiosophers of the enlightenment followed this theory in developing the concept of all colonies joining together to become one

the Big Crunch

what law of gravity did newton develop

universal gravitation

what is the Big crunch

this theory states that at some time all of the bodies in our universe could come back together

what did newton compare the moon to in order to explain its orbit

to a cannon ball

how long ago do scientists believe the universe originated

10-15 billion years old

name 5 philosophers of the enlightenment whose ideas were influenced by the natural law of science

Locke, Rousseau, Montesquieu, Diderot, and Voltaire

what was the source of Uranus's perturbation

Neptune

what scientists discovered that gravity extends throughout the universe?

Newton

at one time what planets did many scientists believe was the last one in our universe?

Uranus

who discovered the source of Uranus's perturbation

Verrier and john adams

what does the law of universal gravitation state

every objects attracts other objects with a force that is directly proportional to the mass of each objects

newton's research led him to conclude that the moon was ___ the earth

falling on

true or false if you travel far enough away from the earth, its gravitational pull will eventually reach 0

false

this is the force that attracts bodies

gravity

this is the method in which bodies communicate with each other

gravity

what actually causes the earth to be round

gravity

what factors will the inverse square law apply to

gravity, sound, light, and radius

according to newton's law of universal gravitation, how is the force of attraction between 2 objects affected as their mass increases

greater the mass greater the force or lesser the mass lesser the force

how does the force of attraction between objects compare to the masses of the objects

greater the mass greater the force or lesser the mass lesser the force

why don't the planets crash into each other as they travel around the sun

they have tangential velocity

what 2 factors does the gravitational pull between objects depend on

mass and distance

which scientists discovered the gravity ectends throughout the universe

newton

does the force of the earth's gravity ever drop to zero as you move away from the earth

no

what does newton's law of universal gravitation state

objects attract other objects with a force directly proportional to their mass

why is it possible for the earth's gravitational pull to be unnoticeable when bodies are far apart

other bodies are closer and can override ours

this theory states that at some time, all of the bodies in our universe could come back together

the big crunch

Define perturbation

the deviation of an orbiting object from its path around a center of force caused by the action of an additional center of force

what is tangential velocity

the linear velocity of an object moving around a circular path at any point

what heavenly body helped newton discover the force of gravity

the moon

why are the earth, sun and moon wider at their equators

the rotation effect

why are the equators of the earth, moon and sun wider than any other part of these bodies

the rotation effect

what was the copernican theory of the universe

the sun is in the center of the universe

What does the force of attraction between you and the earth result in

the weight

what incident triggered newton's mind about the force of gravity

when he was sitting underneath an apple tree in his mother's farm pondering the forces of nature