Physics Chapter 6

The lowest temperature possible in nature is 0°C. 4 K. -273°C.

-273°C.

A volume of helium gas has a temperature of 0°C. The same gas twice as hot has a temperature of 100°C. 273°C. 2°C. 0°C. none of the above

273°C.

A volume of helium gas has a temperature of 10°C. The same gas twice as hot has a temperature of 20°C. 293°C. 283°C. 142°C. none of the above

293°C.

What would be the temperature of a mixture of 50 g of 20°C water and 50 g of 40°C water? 32°C 25°C 34°C 30°C 28°C

30°C

What would be the temperature of 75 g of 20°C water mixed with 25 g of 120°C water? 90°C 45°C 70°C 15°C

45°C

Before ice can form on a lake, all the water in the lake must be cooled to 0°C. a value slightly below 0°C. 4°C.

4°C.

The temperature at the bottom of Lake Tahoe, high in the Sierra Mountains in California, at this moment is uncertain. above 4°C. 4°C. below 4°C.

4°C.

Increasing the temperature of 50 grams of water by 1°C requires 50 calories. 1 calorie. none of the above

50 calories.

The temperature of water rises when 2.00 calories are added. It will rise the same when 83.4 J are added. 4.19 J are added. 8.38 J are added.

8.38 J are added.

Which is greater: an increase in temperature of 1∘C or an increase of 1∘F? An increase of 1 ∘C is larger. An increase of 1 ∘F is larger.

An increase of 1 ∘C is larger.

A nutritionist in the United States measures the food energy in units of calories. joules. Calories. none of the above

Calories

On which temperature scale is 0 degrees the freezing point of water? Fahrenheit Caloric Celsius Kelvin none of the above

Celsius

On which temperature scale does the average kinetic energy of molecules double when the temperature doubles? The Kelvin temperature scale. The Celsius temperature scale. The Fahrenheit temperature scale.

The Kelvin temperature scale.

Suppose you cut a small gap in a metal ring. If you heat the ring, does the gap become wider or narrower? The gap become narrower. The gap become wider. The gap not change.

The gap become wider.

Which has the higher specific heat capacity: an object that cools quickly or an object of the same mass that cools more slowly? The slowly cooling object has the greater specific heat capacity. The quickly cooling object has the greater specific heat capacity. The slowly cooling object and the quickly cooling object have the same specific heat capacity.

The slowly cooling object has the greater specific heat capacity.

To say that water has a high specific heat capacity is to say that water absorbs a lot of energy for an increase in temperature. requires a lot of energy for an increase in temperature. releases a lot of energy in cooling. all of the above

all of the above

When you place a sealed can of air on a hot stove burner, the can undergoes an increase in pressure. temperature. thermal energy. all of the above none of the above

all of the above

Thermal energy can be measured in Calories. calories. joules. any or all of the above for special cases

any or all of the above for special cases

Pour a liter of 40°C water at into a liter of 20°C water and the final temperature of the two liters becomes at or about 30°C. more than 30°C. less than 30°C.

at or about 30°C.

Substances are composed of tiny particles. Temperature is related mostly to the particles' average translational kinetic energy. movement of energy from particle to particle. total kinetic energy. average thermal energy. none of the above

average translational kinetic energy.

As entropy in a system increases, energy within the system becomes less ordered. becomes more ordered. moves toward destruction. is created.

becomes less ordered.

A pre-electronic thermostat employs a coiled wire of low conductivity. tube of mercury. bimetallic strip.

bimetallic strip.

Absolute zero corresponds to a temperature of -273° C. 0 K. both neither

both

The temperature of boiling water is 100°C. 212°F. both

both

The temperature of melting ice is 32°F. 0°C. both

both

Heat energy is measured in units of calories. joules. degrees. both joules and calories.

both joules and calories.

If the temperature of a sample of 0°C water slightly increases, the sample of water contracts. expands. neither

contracts

The specific heat capacity of aluminum is more than twice that of copper. Place equal masses of aluminum and copper wire in a flame and the wire to heat up quickest will be aluminum. copper. both the same

copper

When a bimetallic bar composed of copper and iron strips is heated, the bar bends toward the iron strip because copper gets hotter before iron. copper expands more than iron. iron expands more than copper. iron gets hotter before copper. none of the above

copper expands more than iron.

As a hot iron ring cools, the diameter of the hole remains the same. decreases. increases.

decreases

If glass expanded more than mercury, then the column of mercury in a thermometer would rise when the temperature decreases. increases. neither

decreases

For each degree a volume of air at 0°C is cooled, its pressure decreases by 1/273. increases by 1/273. decreases by 100/273. increases by 100/273.

decreases by 1/273.

When work is done by a system and no heat is added, the temperature of the system remains unchanged. increases. decreases.

decreases.

Consider a sample of water at 20°C. If the temperature is slightly increased, the water contracts. expands. remains the same.

expands

If the temperature of a sample of 4°C water slightly decreases, the sample of water contracts. expands. neither

expands

If the temperature of a sample of 4°C water slightly increases, the sample of water contracts. expands. neither

expands

The usefulness of a bimetallic strip is due to differences in heat capacities of metals. conductivities of metals. expansions of metals.

expansions of metals.

Which law of thermodynamics is a restatement of the conservation of energy as it applies to thermal systems? second law third law first law all of the above

first law

When you touch a hot penny in sunlight with your finger, energy flows from your finger to the penny. from the penny to your finger. both ways

from the penny to your finger.

When you touch a piece of ice with your finger, energy flows from the ice to your finger. from your finger to the ice. both ways

from your finger to the ice.

If the same quantity of heat is added to both a 2-liter and a 4-liter container of water, the temperature change for water in the 4-liter container will be twice that of the 2-liter container. no change. half that of the 2-liter container. more than half but less than twice.

half that of the 2-liter container.

Which of the following contracts most when the temperature is decreased? Equal volumes of water. iron. helium. wood. all contract the same

helium

Which of the following expands most when the temperature is increased? Equal volumes of wood. iron. helium. ice water. all expand the same

helium

Some molecules are able to absorb large amounts of energy in the form of internal vibrations and rotations. Materials composed of such molecules have low specific heat capacities. high specific heat capacities. none of the above

high specific heat capacities.

The moderate temperatures of islands throughout the world has mainly to do with water's high evaporation rate. poor conductivity. absorption of solar energy. vast supply of thermal energy. high specific heat capacity.

high specific heat capacity.

The direction of natural processes is from states of lower order to higher order. higher order to lower order. disorganization to organization.

higher order to lower order.

Compared to a giant iceberg, a hot cup of coffee has more thermal energy and higher temperature. a greater specific heat capacity and more thermal energy. higher temperature, but less thermal energy. none of the above

higher temperature, but less thermal energy.

Which of the following contracts most when the temperature is slightly increased? Equal volumes of ice water. wood. helium. iron. none of the above contract when heated

ice water.

A metal ball is barely able to pass through a metal ring. When Anette Zetterberg heats the ball, it does not pass through the ring. What happens if she instead heats the ring (as shown): does the size of the hole increase, stay the same, or decrease? increase decrease stay the same

increase

Suppose you rapidly stir some raw eggs with an egg beater. The temperature of the eggs will remain unchanged. increase. decrease.

increase

As a system becomes more disordered, entropy decreases. increases. remains the same.

increases

Because a refrigerator operates with some kind of motor, leaving the refrigerator door open in a closed room on a hot day doesn't affect room temperature. increases room temperature. decreases room temperature.

increases room temperature.

Your room gets messier day by day. In this case entropy is hanging steady. decreasing. increasing. none of the above

increasing

Which of the following normally warms up faster when heat is applied? wood iron glass water

iron

Ice has a lower density than water because ice molecules vibrate at lower rates than water molecules. sinks. is composed of open-structured crystals. density decreases with decreasing temperature. molecules are more compact in the solid state.

is composed of open-structured crystals.

The greatest expansion of water occurs when at 4°C it gains temperature. at 4°C it loses temperature. it turns to ice. none of the above

it turns to ice.

If a room is cold it is due to a lack of adequate thermal energy. presence of cold air. low air pressure.

lack of adequate thermal energy.

When an iron ring is heated, the hole becomes smaller. larger. neither

larger

Microscopic slush in water tends to make the water less dense. more dense. warmer. slipperier.

less dense.

Place a 1-kg iron block at 40°C into 1 kg of water at 20°C and the final temperature becomes less than 30°C. at or about 30°C. more than 30°C.

less than 30°C.

Place a kilogram block of iron at 40°C into a kilogram of water at 20°C and the final temperature of the two becomes at or about 30°C. less than 30°C. more than 30°C.

less than 30°C.

Hot sand cools off faster at night than plants and vegetation, which indicates that the specific heat capacity for sand is more than that for plants. likely the same as that for plants. less than that for plants. not enough information

less than that for plants.

Water at 4°C will sink to the bottom of a pond because it will not freeze there. like a rock, it is denser than surrounding water. it benefits fish and other life forms there. of the presence of microscopic ice crystals.

like a rock, it is denser than surrounding water.

A substance that heats up relatively quickly has a high specific heat capacity. low specific heat capacity. high or low specific heat capacity.

low specific heat capacity.

The fact that desert sand is very hot in the day and very cold at night is evidence that sand has a high specific heat capacity. low specific heat capacity. none of the above

low specific heat capacity.

Whether one object is warmer than another object has most to do with heat flow. molecular kinetic energy. masses of internal particles. molecular potential energy.

molecular kinetic energy.

More disorder means more entropy. less entropy. no real change in entropy.

more entropy.

If the specific heat capacity of water were lower than it is, ponds in the cold of winter would be neither more nor less likely to freeze. more likely to freeze. less likely to freeze.

more likely to freeze.

The overflow spillage of gasoline from a car's full tank on a hot day is evidence that gasoline expands more than the tank metal. negligible. about the same as the tank metal. less than the tank metal.

more than the tank metal.

A metal ring with a gap in it is shaped like the letter C. When the hot metal cools, the gap becomes narrower. remains the same size. wider.

narrower

In your room are things such as tables, chairs, and other people. Which of these things has a temperature lower to the temperature of the air? Check all that apply. tables other people chairs none of the above

none of the above

The open spaces in the crystal lattice of ice contain vapor. nothing. trace amounts of water.

nothing

Which of these things has a temperature greater to the temperature of the air? Check all that apply. other people chairs tables none of the above

other people

Which law of thermodynamics addresses the direction of heat flow? first law second law third law all of the above

second law

Entropy is most closely related to the first law of thermodynamics. second law of thermodynamics. both neither

second law of thermodynamics.

For each degree a volume of air at 0°C is cooled, its volume shrinks by 1/273. shrinks by 100/273. increases by 1/273. increases by 100/273.

shrinks by 1/273.

Which will cool faster when taken from a furnace? silver the same iron

silver

San Francisco has milder winters than Washington D.C. due to water's high conductivity. specific heat capacity. temperature in the Pacific Ocean.

specific heat capacity.

Ice tends to form at the layer of water slightly below the surface. surface of bodies of water. bottom of bodies of water.

surface of bodies of water.

Which of these things has a temperature equal to the temperature of the air? Check all that apply. tables other people chairs none of the above

tables chairs

Heat is thermal energy that flows due to molecular activity. temperature differences. calorie imbalance.

temperature differences.

The white-hot sparks from a fireworks sparkler that strike your skin don't cause injury because they have a low temperature. the energy per molecule is very low. the energy per molecule is high, but the total energy transferred is small.

the energy per molecule is high, but the total energy transferred is small.

A piece of iron and a cup of water both have the same temperature. If they are heated so the thermal energy of each doubles, the iron will have the higher temperature. the water will have the higher temperature. both will have the same temperature. not enough information

the iron will have the higher temperature.

When a 1-kg metal pan containing 1 kg of cold water is removed from the refrigerator onto a table, which absorbs more heat from the room: the pan or the water? the pan the water The pan and the water absorb the same quantity of heat from the room.

the water

Heat is simply another word for thermal energy. radiant energy. thermal energy that flows from hot to cold. temperature.

thermal energy that flows from hot to cold.

The fact that a thermometer "takes its own temperature" illustrates thermal equilibrium. the difference between heat and thermal energy. molecules are constantly moving. energy conservation.

thermal equilibrium.

Which law of thermodynamics states that no system can reach absolute zero? third law second law first law all of the above

third law

Heat is thermal energy that matter transfers. contains. both none of the above

transfers.

The motion of particles that contribute to temperature are circular. orbital. rotational. translational.

translational

The motion of molecules that most affects temperature is oscillatory motion. simple harmonic motion. rotational motion. translational motion.

translational motion.

If the same quantity of heat is added to both a 1-liter and a 2-liter container of water, the temperature change of water in the 1-liter container will be half. more than half but less than twice. twice. none.

twice

Which of the following expands most when the temperature is lowered? Equal volumes of helium. water at 4°C. wood. iron. none expand when the temperature is lowered

water at 4°C.

During a very cold winter, water pipes sometimes burst because the thawing process releases pressure on the pipes. water contracts when freezing. the ground contracts when colder, pulling pipes apart. water expands when freezing. none of the above

water expands when freezing.

The filling of a hot apple pie is hotter than the crust due to uneven temperatures. high conductivity of apples. water in the filling that better retains thermal energy.

water in the filling that better retains thermal energy.

A metal ring with a gap in it is shaped like the letter C. When heated, the gap becomes wider. narrower. remains the same size.

wider