Physics Final - ALL Questions

Calculate the energy of x-rays that have a frequency of 5,000,000,000,000,000,000 Hz.

20,680 eV

Use dimensional analysis to convert 4 days into seconds.

20,736,000 seconds xplanation Dimensional analysis is a simple tool for solving problems. It allows us to convert a number from one unit to another unit.

Despite human skin providing protection against alpha particles, why is it dangerous to ingest alpha particles?

Because your inner tissues are not as strong as your skin, and can be damaged by alpha particles.

Fission of uranium-235 nuclei can produce _____ and other product isotopes.

krypton, barium

If you want to hang a picture frame that has a force due to gravity of 20N, what does the tension in the cable have to be to prevent it from falling?

20N

Nuclear binding energy can be defined as the amount of energy needed to break one _____ of nuclei into individual nucleons.

mole

An external force must act in order to change the _____ of a system.

momentum

The equation shown in the image below is used to solve problems involving _____.

momentum

To create a magnetic field, a charged particle must be:

moving

All magnetic fields are created by:

moving electric charges

When looking into the inner surface of a silver spoon, you would see the image of your chin projected

near the top of the spoon.

Mechanical waves

need a medium to flow through

Objects with similar charges _____, and objects with opposite charges _____.

repel, attract

A car of mass 1500 kg, moves in a circle at 30 m/s. If the circle has a radius of 8 meters, what is the size of the frictional force that is moving the car in the circle?

168750 newtons.

You hang a flower basket using a horizontal pole, held to the wall with a bracket. If the basket weighs 0.7 kg and the pole is 40 cm long, how much torque is on the bracket?

2.74 Nm

Which of these statements is true about radioactive decay?

When alpha and beta radioactive decay occur the atom's elemental composition changes.

When can the simplified version of the Biot-Savart Law be used?

When you have a long, straight wire.

Given the 3 following weights and locations, what are the coordinates of the center of mass? A: 1kg, (1,1) B: 2kg, (10,1) C: 7kg, (0,20)

(2.1, 14.3)

A mass of 3 kilograms, and a mass of 6 kilograms are placed at different points on a seesaw until they balance perfectly. If the 3 kilogram mass is 0.5 meters from the pivot point, how far away is the 6 kilogram mass?

0.25 meters.

Using the center of gravity of an object, how do we tell when the object has reached its tipping point?

Right after the center of gravity passes past the base of the object

8 Josh is measuring the distance travelled by a car using meters per seconds. Josh is using _____ units.

SI

Josh is measuring the distance travelled by a car using meters per seconds. Josh is using _____ units.

SI

The change in position as a function of time is known as _____.

velocity

Waves originate from:

vibrations

The _____ of a lens is on the same side of the lens as the object.

virtual image

The work that charged particles will do in a circuit is known as _____.

voltage

Which of the following substances has the highest specific heat capacity?

water

A series of light waves pass through a 400-nanometer gap in a wall. Which light wave diffracts the MOST?

wave with 800-nm wavelength

The distance from any point on a wave to the same point on the next wave is called _____.

wavelength

Which wave parameter measures the spatial distance of one wave cycle?

wavelength

What is frequency in a longitudinal wave?

wavelengths per second

A charged particle will experience the maximum force:

when traveling perpendicular to the magnetic field.

What charge does a particle from a beta minus decay have?

-1

What is the density of a solid that has a mass of 9.2 grams and a volume of 12.3 cm3 ? Would this object float or sink in water?

0.75 g/cm3, float

Jane is using a 14 cm long screwdriver to assemble a bookcase. She applied a force of 45 N to rotate the screw 180 degrees. How much work did she do?

19.79 J

A 20 kg mass is on a flat surface. What is the normal force provided by the surface on the mass?

196 N Explanation Since the weight of the mass is the only force on the surface, the normal force is mg, which is (20 kg)(9.8 m/s2) = 196 N.

What is the magnification of a concave mirror with a focal point of 3 meters if you stand 1.5 meters away from it?

2

How far can a bug crawl in 20 seconds if it is moving at 0.1 m/s?

2 m Explanation d = vt d = (0.1)(20) d = 2 m

Find the velocity of an object that moved from 6 meters to 10 meters in 2 seconds.

2 m/s

How many protons and neutrons does an alpha particle have?

2 protons and 2 neutrons

What is the graphical representation of an object passing the starting point?

The line on a position vs. time graph crosses zero.

Which of the following is a correct definition of rotational motion?

Where an object spins around an internal axis in a continuous way.

Which of the following is NOT a pure spectral color?

White

If we eliminate the effects of air resistance, objects dropped from the same height

Will accelerate at the same rate and land at the same time

How can a strong Coulomb force be overcome during nuclear fusion?

With high temperature and high pressure

What does the equation force * distance calculate?

Work

Which one of the formulas best describes ''power''?

Work / time

Which best describes the work-energy theorem?

Work done is equal to the change in energy

Which of the following regions of the electromagnetic spectrum has the highest frequency?

X-rays

Which type of electromagnetic waves are used to study the molecular structures of crystalline solids?

X-rays

Which of the following is NOT an example of a situation when you might need to add vectors?

You know your initial speed and final speed in a car moving in a straight line, and you want to know by how much your speed changed.

In proton-proton fusion the final helium-4 atom weighs less than the original four hydrogen atoms that fused together. This excess mass was converted to energy. We can see the relation of mass to energy for this reaction in Einstein's famous equation E = mc^2, where 'E' is energy, 'm' is mass, and 'c' is the speed of light. Knowing all this, which of the following is true?

You only need a little mass to create a large amount of energy.

The acceleration due to gravity is

-9.8 m/s^2

The correct magnitude, vector, and units of g is

-9.8 m/s^2

the acceleration due to gravity is

-9.8 m/s^2

Decreasing the charge on both particles by a factor of 1/2 while decreasing the distance by a factor of 1/2 will:

cause the force to remain the same

The materials of the two surfaces determine the _____.

coefficient of friction

Sound and earthquake waves are examples of

compression waves

The image created by a _____ mirror depends on the location of the object in comparison to the focal point.

concave

Standing waves can only occur in a medium that is

contained.

The latent heat of sublimation refers to which phase change?

From solid to gas

How is amplitude measured on a longitudinal wave?

From the middle of a compression or rarefaction to the next point at which the particles are neither compressed nor stretched.

Who discovered acceleration?

Galileo

_____ usually accompanies other decays.

Gamma emission

Which of the following has no mass and does not change the composition of the nucleus?

Gamma ray

Which of the following graphs shows a directly proportional relationship?

Graph with Red line thru middle intersection

A 9 lb weight is connected to a 1 lb weight by a thin rod of length L. Measured from the heavier mass, where is the center of mass for this system?

L/10

Which of these is NOT a correct explanation for how convection works?

Less dense fluids sink below denser fluids.

All of the following statements are true, EXCEPT:

Light can behave as a wave but not as a particle.

All of these are true about mechanical waves EXCEPT:

Light waves are a type of mechanical wave.

What is momentum?

Mass times velocity

If you are driving at a speed of 55.0 miles per hour, then what is your speed in meters per second? (Hint: 1 mile = 1,600 meters.)

24.4 meters/second

5 If you are driving at a speed of 55.0 miles per hour, then what is your speed in meters per second? (Hint: 1 mile = 1,600 meters.)

24.4 meters/second Explanation First we convert our miles to meters, giving us 88000 m/h. Since we have 60 min in an hour, we can convert our number to 1466.67 m/min, and there are 60 seconds in a minute, so we can further convert our number to 24.4 m/s.

One mole of aluminum atoms has a mass of 27 grams. How many grams are in 9.0 moles of aluminum?

243 grams

Samira is riding on a bus moving at 14 m/s when she hears a whistle on the road ahead of her. If the whistle emits a 2400 Hz sound, what frequency sound does Samira hear? You can assume that the whistle is not moving and that the speed of sound in air is 350 m/s.

2496 Hz

If the normal force between a car parked on a hill and the road is 50 Newtons, and the coefficient of friction between the two surfaces is 0.5, what is the force of friction holding the car on the hill?

25 Newtons

On this graph, what is the change in velocity between 5 seconds and 8 seconds?

25 m/s Explanation This question is only asking for the change in velocity. The final velocity is 30 m/s. The initial velocity is 5 m/s. 30 m/s - 5 m/s = 25 m/s

If you push a heavy box across a room is it an isolated system?

No, because there is an unbalanced external force

The ideal gas constant, R, can be found using which of the following equations?

R = (PV)/(nT)

5 What is sliding friction?

The force that is necessary to keep two surfaces moving relative to each other

Which variable is related to the energy of electromagnetic radiation?

The frequency of light.

Which of the following mathematical expressions is equivalent to 1/8?

2-3

Which of the following is an example of a real-world Faraday cage?

A car

Which of these is NOT a way you can manipulate vectors mathematically?

All of these are ways that vectors can be manipulated.

An object becomes electrically charged when:

electrons are transferred to it

The theory of wave-particle duality states that all matter has properties of

both a particle and a wave.

When an object falls under the action of gravity alone, it is said to be on _____.

free fall

The strength of the force between charged particles is dependent on:

he distance between particles

The density of mercury is 13.6 g/mL. What is its density in lbs/L? (Hint: 1 lb = 0.454 kg)

30.0 lbs/L

The equation 1/2 mass * velocity^2 is used to calculate _____.

kinetic energy

A concave lens always has a _____.

negative focal length

What particles in an atom have an electric charge?

protons and electrons

In more humid air, sound _____.

travels faster and its wavelength increases

Nuclear power plants utilize _____ to generate power.

fission

In a heating curve graph, phase changes are _____.x

flat lines

n a heating curve graph, phase changes are _____.

flat lines

As the intensity of a wave _____, we hear them as _____.

increases, louder

If an object has an acceleration of 10 m/s^2 and a mass of 30 kilograms, what is its force?

300 Newtons Explanation The equation for Newton's Second Law of Motion is as follows: Force = Mass * Acceleration Plugging the numbers from the question above into the equation gives us the following: Force = 30 kg * 10 m/s^2 Force = 300 Newtons

Which of the following is the formula for slope?

slope = rise/run Explanation Slope is defined as rise divided by run. Rise is the vertical change between two points on a line, and run is the horizontal change between two points on a line.

When a linear relationship is plotted, the points fit the line: y = mx + b, where m is the _____, and b is the _____.

slope; y-intercept

Of the following choices, a sound wave would travel fastest in a

solid

The heat needed to raise 1 gram of a substance 1 degree C is called _____.

specific heat

An object moving in uniform circular motion has a constant _____, but a changing _____.

speed; velocity

When an object is in _____, tilting it will raise the height of its center of gravity, and it will return to its normal stable state after being tilted.

stable equilibrium

In observing two interfering waves, the amplitude of the resulting wave can be found at every point using the principle of

superposition

A magnetic field exerts a force on a charged particle:

that is perpendicular to both the magnetic field and the particle's direction of travel.

Mutual inductance is:

the ability of a current carrying conductor to induce a voltage in another conductor through a mutual magnetic field.

voltage is the measure of _____.

the amount of work done per group of charge

The work done on an object by an applied force is equal to _____.

the applied force times the object's movement distance times the cosine of the angle between the applied force and movement distance

In the diagram of an electric force field, the field lines represent:

the direction of the force experienced by a positively charged particle placed in the field

If an object with a constant velocity is at rest or in motion, then _____?

the forces are balanced, giving a net force of zero Explanation If an object is at rest or in motion with a constant velocity we know from Newton's First law that the forces on the object are balanced giving us a net force of zero.

According to _____, energy cannot be created or destroyed, although it may appear to be lost as heat.

the law of conservation of energy

In order for a transformer to work:

the magnetic field must be changing.

To which of the following variables is kinetic energy proportional?

the mass of the object and the velocity of the object squared

Both the equations for Hooke's law, and elastic potential energy have a constant called the spring constant in them. What is the spring constant?

the measure of stiffness of a spring

The principle of floatation states that _____.

the object displaces a weight of fluid equal to its own weight

In a transformer, the ratio between the primary voltage and the secondary voltage is equal to:

the ratio between the number of turns in the primary coil and the number of turns in the secondary coil.

The strength of the force on the particle is dependent on all of the following, except:

the source of the magnetic field.

A magnetic field cannot exert a force on a charged particle unless:

there is relative motion between the field and the particle.

A merry-go-round is pushed with a torque of 500 newton-meters, around an angle of 2-pi radians. How much work is done in this process?

3142 Joules.

A light shines on a crown glass surface. If the incident angle is 45 degrees, water has an index of refraction of 1.33 and crown glass has an index of refraction of 1.52. What is the angle of refraction?

32 degrees

A ray of light striking a mirror at an angle of incidence of 35 degrees would reflect off the mirror at an angle of reflection of

35 degrees.

What is the weight in kg of a person who weighs 676.2 N?

69 kg

What is the acceleration of the object between 4 and 7 seconds? 2 m/s2

7 m/s2 Explanation The graph is a flat line at 7 m/s2 between 4 and 7 seconds.

Use the ideal gas law to calculate the pressure of 13 moles of a gas with a volume of 40 mL and a temperature of 18 C.

7,764.82 atm

A car accelerates from 40 m/s to 70 m/s in 4 seconds. What was the car's rate of acceleration?

7.5 m/s 2

An 80 lb cheetah jogging left at 15 m/s suddenly accelerates to 30 m/s. The cheetah crosses about 45 meters of savannah and needs 2 seconds to reach 30 m/s. What was the cheetah's acceleration?

7.5 m/s^2 left Explanation Average acceleration = change in velocity / change in time Change in velocity = final velocity - original velocity = 30 m/s - 15 m/s = 15 m/s left Ave. acceleration = 15 m/s / 2 sec = 7.5 m/s^2 left The cheetah is increasing its speed so the acceleration is positive. The weight of the cheetah and the distance he ran are not needed in this problem.

If the initial angle of a turntable compared against an arbitrary line is 20 degrees, and half a second later it has rotated to 370 degrees, what is the angular velocity of the turntable?

700 degrees per second.

Solve: A car is going north and travels 60 miles in 50 minutes. What is the instantaneous velocity (assuming the car is traveling the same speed the entire time) in miles per hour halfway through the trip?

72 miles per hour north

An object is placed 50 centimeters in front of a lens, producing a virtual image 30 centimeters away from the lens. What is the focal length of the lens, and is it convex or concave?

75 centimeters, concave.

Carbon-10 has a half-life of about 19 seconds. How many half-lives does it undergo in 2 minutes and 32 seconds?

8 half-lives

A 4 amp current is moving through a wire. What is the magnitude of the magnetic field 0.001 m from the wire?

8 x 10-4 T

On this graph, what is the acceleration between 5 seconds and 8 seconds?

8.3 m/s^2 Explanation a = Δv / Δ t = (30 m/s - 5 m/s) / (8 s - 5 s) = (25 m/s) / (3 s) = 8.3 m/s^2

You drive from your house to the dry cleaners, which is 12 miles east of your house. You then drive to the grocery store from the dry cleaners. The grocery store is 15 miles west of your house. You then drive back home from the grocery store. What was your displacement?

0 miles Explanation You began at home and ended up back at home. Your displacement was zero.

In a question, you're given the initial angular velocity, the angular acceleration, and the change in angle and asked to calculate how long it took to accelerate. Which equation should you use to solve this problem? (Note: In the images below, w0 is the initial angular velocity, and w is the final angular velocity. This is another way of notating the same thing, which you may well see in problems and tests.)

0-w0t+1/2at2

Decreasing the charge on both particles by a factor of 2 while leaving all other factors the same will:

cause the force to decrease by a factor of 4

In Coulomb's Law, increasing the distance between particles by a factor of 2 while leaving all other factors the same will:

cause the force to decrease by a factor of 4

Increasing the charge on both particles by a factor of 2 while decreasing the distance by a factor of 2 will:

cause the force to increase by a factor of 16

When using Coulomb's law, increasing the charge on one particle by a factor of 2 while leaving all other factors the same will:

cause the force to increase by a factor of 2

When a ray is drawn from an object parallel to the principal axis of a _____ mirror, it will bounce and go through the focal point.

concave

Which conservation law applies to elastic collisions, but NOT to inelastic collisions?

conservation of kinetic energy

All sound waves are which type of wave

longitudinal

On the electromagnetic spectrum, radio waves have the _____ frequency and the _____ wavelength.

lowest; largest

What two properties determine the amount of heat needed for a phase change to occur?

mass and latent heat

Which best describes momentum?

mass in motion

The amount of kinetic energy of an object is dependent upon the speed or velocity of the object AND the _____.

mass of the object

he substance that a sound wave travels through is called the

medium

Which of the following is an example of a unit?

meter

Which type of EM wave do we utilize to increase the thermal energy of our food?

microwaves

Which of the following are arranged from smallest unit to largest unit?

mm, cm, m, km

When a charged particle moves left to right relative to a magnetic field, it will experience a force. This force is always in a direction that is _____ to both the magnetic field and the particle's direction of travel.

perpendicular

The normal is an imaginary line that is

perpendicular to the reflecting surface.

Which of the following is an example of light behaving like a particle?

photoelectric effect

In gamma decay, a(n) _____ is given off.

photon

Velocity is a rate of change of _____.

position as a function of time

Voltage is analogous to _____.

pressure

A magnetic field line:

represents the direction of the magnetic field

In the diagram of an electric force field, the spacing of the field lines:

represents the strength of the force between particles

The _____ are used to determine the direction of magnetic force, current, or magnetic field.

right hand rules

Assume the position of a kite is given by the function s(t) where t is in seconds. Suppose the average velocity of the kite between t = 1 and t = 5 is 22 meters per second. If the kite at time t = 5 is at a position of 90 meters (i.e. s(5) = 90), what is the position of the kite at time t = 1?

s(1) = 2 meters Explanation When using a position function, average velocity = (s(t sub 2) - s(t sub 1)) / (t sub 2 - t sub 1). Since we have t sub 2 = 5 and t sub 1 = 1, average velocity = (s(5) - s(1)) / (5 - 1). Plugging in 22 for the average velocity and s(5) = 90, we have 22 = (90 - s(1)) / (5 - 1). Simplifying the denominator, we get, 22 = (90 - s(1)) / 4. Multiplying both sides by 4, we get, 88 = 90 - s(1). Therefore, s(1) = 2.

Speed is a _____, while velocity is a _____.

scalar; vector

A device that alters the magnitude and/or direction of a force is called a(n) _____.

simple machine

The potential of a charged particle to do work is _____.

the result of forces exerted by other charged particles

The direction of the force on a charged particle is dependent on:

the sign of the charge on the particle.

When part of light goes through a boundary and the other part reflects, we say that there was _____.

thin film interference

The following formula is known as the _____ formula. (1/do) + (1/di) = 1/f

thin lens

When the source of the sound is moving _____, the pitch is _____.

towards us, higher

This is a picture of a

transverse wave

19 Diffraction is the bending of waves when they

travel around an object or through an opening.

What is the magnitude of the magnetic field if the charge is 1.6 x 10-19 C, its velocity is 8.5 x 107 m/s, and it is 0.001 m from point P? θ is 30o.

6.8 x 10-13 T

A cannonball is shot with a velocity of 45 m/s. If its vertical velocity at the top of its arc is 0 m/s, at what angle was it shot?

60 degrees

If an object has a mass of 10 kg and a velocity of 6 m/s to the left, what is its momentum?

60 kg*m/s to the left

Which of the following is a conversion factor?

60 seconds/1 minute

What is the magnitude of a magnetic field generated by a proton at rest?

0

An object is on a platform. The platform and the object are dropped towards the ground. What is the normal force exerted by the platform on the object as they are falling?

0 Explanation Since both objects are in freefall the normal force is 0. ΣF = ma N - mg = -ma N - mg = -mg N = 0

Which of the following is the correct symbol for the particle emitted in positron emission?

0 1 b

How much work is done when you hold a 10 N object 10 m above the ground?

0 J - no work is done

A baseball is thrown straight up into the air with an initial velocity of 8 m/s. What is the initial horizontal velocity?

0 m/s

40 miles per hour south

0 m/s/s

Fill in the blanks: Opposite charges _____, like charges _____.

Attract, repel.

ow much power is required to do 100 J of work in 10 s?

10 W

Which equation represents the relationship between impulse and momentum?

Force * time interval = change in mass * velocity

Which of the following formulas defines Newton's Second Law of Motion?

Force = Mass * Acceleration

Newton's Second Law of Motion is:

Force = mass x acceleration Explanation Newton's Second Law of Motion states, ''The net force on an object is equal to the mass of the object times the acceleration of the object.''

What is Newton's Second Law of Motion?

Force is equal to mass times acceleration

What is Newton's Second Law of Motion?

Force is equal to mass times acceleration Explanation Newton's Second Law of Motion states that force equals mass times acceleration. Mass refers to the total amount of material present, while acceleration is the measure of the change of velocity over time.

What is the force that keeps all of us pulled toward the earth's surface?

Force of gravit

Hiran is standing beside the road when he hears a bird flying AWAY from him and chirping. The bird's chirp has a frequency of 1800 Hz, and the bird is flying away from him at 6 m/s. What frequency does Hiran hear?

1770 Hz

Isaac Newton developed his theory of universal gravitation in which century?

17th century

A 3 coulomb charge is placed inside a 6 N/C electric field. What force will the charge feel?

18 N

In order to subtract a vector geometrically we need to turn the negative vector by _____ and then add.

180 degrees

Hiran is standing beside the road when he hears a bird flying away TOWARD him and chirping. The bird's chirp has a frequency of 1800 Hz, and the bird is flying toward him at 6 m/s. What frequency does Hiran hear?

1831 Hz

What is the mass of an object if the coefficient of sliding friction is 0.67, the force necessary to keep it sliding is 500 Newtons and it is on flat ground? Use g = 10 m/s/s in your calculations.

74.6 kg Explanation 500 Newtons = 0.67(10.00 m/s/s)(mass), mass = 500 / (6.7)(10), mass = 74.6 kg

What is the mass of an object with kinetic energy of 1000 Joules and velocity of 5 meters per second?

80 kilograms

Convert 0.8057 kilometers to meters

805.7 meters Explanation We know that kilo represents 3 powers of 10, so therefore 1 kilometer is 1000 meters. As well we can use the scientific notation trick of moving the decimal 3 spots to the right since the number is below 1, giving us 0.8057 kilometers are 805.7 meters.

Which of the following is an example of a vector?

82 miles per hour west.

A ball weighing 13 kg goes around an object with a radius of 3 m at a speed of 4.5 m/s. What is the force of gravity that the object exerts on the ball?

87.75 N

Which of the following is an example of mechanical energy?

A rolling bowling ball.

Which of the following is NOT an example of static friction?

A shopping cart being pushed down a supermarket aisle.

Which of the following is the rotational version of Newton's 1st Law?

A spinning body will stay spinning, a non-spinning body won't start spinning, unless acted upon by an unbalanced torque.

When graphing a linear relationship, what do the data points form?

A straight best fit line

What is a mirror?

A surface that is smooth enough to produce a clear image.

What generates an electromagnetic wave?

A vibrating electron.

Which of the following is the MAIN way that nuclear reactors control chain reactions?

Control rods

Which of these can be used to absorb the neutrons emitted during a nuclear reaction?

Control rods

The warmth created by the sun on earth is the result of _____.

Convection

What term is used to identify a mirror that creates an upright, virtual, and smaller image?

Convex

hich of the following is NOT a source of visible light?

Cool meta

Which of the following materials can be used to make a Faraday cage?

Copper

All of the following statements are true about sound and light, EXCEPT:

Diffraction only occurs in light waves.

The branch of physics known as Mechanics deals with what?

Forces and the behavior of objects

When a wave hits an obstacle or goes through a slit, it will spread around the obstacle. This is known as _____.

diffraction

An electron moves through a wire in the magnetic field as shown. What is the direction of the force on the electron?

down

Sound waves in the _____ range are best at traveling over large distances.

Infrasound

What is SI units shorthand for?

International System of Units

In Greek, Kinemat- means

Motion

What does friction oppose?

Movement Explanation Friction is the force that opposes moveme

5 Amplitude is a measure of how much _____ is being carried by a wave.

energy

It is useful to think of a photon as a packet of

energy

The ability to perform work is referred to as _____.

energy

A wave transfers _____ from one location to another.

energy, but not matter

Complete the following equation. v = λ_____

f (frequency)

The following graph describes an object in _____.

free fall motion

Wave speed can be found by multiplying the wavelength by the

frequency

Which wave parameter is related to the pitch of a sound?

frequency

Which wave parameter measures the number of cycles that are completed in one second?

frequency

The acceleration due to gravity is represented by

g

An object falling at a constant speed without any further acceleration is said to be at _____.

Terminal velocity

An object falling at a constant speed without any further acceleration is said to be at _____.Terminal velocity

Terminal velocity

What is the unit associated with magnetic field strength?

Tesla

What does the law of conservation of energy state?

That for any system the total amount of energy remains the same

Newton's First law states:

That objects at rest will remain at rest and an object in motion will stay in motion unless it is acted upon by an external force Explanation Newton's First law states that objects at rest will remain at rest and an object in motion will stay in motion unless it is acted upon by an external force.

What is the basic principle of the right hand rules?

That the direction of magnetic force, current, or magnetic fields can be demonstrated with your right hand

What happens when the direction of an object in circular motion changes, but the speed remains unchanged?

The acceleration changes.

What is critical mass?

The amount of nuclear material needed for a reaction to continue on its own

Which of the following is the formula for elastic potential energy?

PE = 1/2 k x^2

Which of these is the most common form of the ideal gas equation?

PV = nRT

Projectiles follow a ________ path.

Parabolic

What is a joule?

A Newton-meter

This graph is broken up into 5 sections, labeled A-E. On this graph, what section(s) represents positive acceleration?

A, B, D

What is Newton's third law of motion?

Each action force has an opposed and equal reaction force

When a soccer player kicks a soccer ball, which type of collision usually occurs?

Elastic

30 Which of the following is NOT a contact force?

Electric Explanation Contact forces are forces that end up touching each other in some way. Electricity, on the other hand, is a force that works without anything physically touching each other.

Which of the following is NOT a contact force?

Electric Explanation Contact forces are forces that end up touching each other in some way. Electricity, on the other hand, is a force that works without anything physically touching each other.

What two forces make up the Lorentz equation?

Electric and magnetic

Using the power rule for exponents what does (x^2)^5 simplify to?

x^10

Using the power rule for exponents what does (x^2)^5 simplify to?

x^10 Explanation The power rule for exponents states the following: (x^a)^b = x^(a * b) Therefore, (x^2)^5 = x^(2 * 5) = x^10

If there's an electric field of 14 N/C pointing to the right, how much force and in which direction will a 7 C charge feel

98 N to the right

5 kg mass is on a 20o incline and a force is pulling straight up on the mass. Which of the following free-body diagrams represents this scenario?

A Explanation Choice A only includes the pure forces. Choices B and C have component forces, and choice D doesn't include all of the forces in the scenario.

A 5 kg mass is on a 20o incline and a force is pulling straight up on the mass. Which of the following free-body diagrams represents this scenario?

A Explanation Choice A only includes the pure forces. Choices B and C have component forces, and choice D doesn't include all of the forces in the scenario.

In which of the following scenarios is kinetic energy NOT conserved?

A ball slides down a frictionless chute.

Which best describes an isolated system?

All are correct

Which of the following principles states that a change in pressure applied to a fluid in a container is transmitted unchanged to all portions of the fluid and to the walls of its container?

Pascal's Principle

Physics-wise, what was significant about the 16th and 17th centuries?

People like Copernicus, Galileo, and Newton had significant scientific breakthroughs

In the first right hand rule, if the thumb is pointing in the direction of the current and the fingers are pointing in the direction of the magnetic field, which direction is the magnetic force?

Perpendicular to your palm

Which of these is a major branch of physics?

Physical chemistry, Biophysics, AcousticsRelativit All of these are branches of physics

In the equation for the energy for a photon, E = hf, the h stands for:

Planck's consta

Which of the following instruments is used to limit the light that gets through based on the direction in which the light oscillates?

Polarized filter

Which of the following is NOT a rotational kinematics quantity?

Position

Which of the following is NOT a rotational variable?

Position.

A bike resting at the top of a hill would be an example of what type of energy?

Potential

Sounds in the _____ range are best for reflecting off of small objects.

Ultrasound

What possible interaction(s) can occur when a ray of light comes into contact with an object?

Refraction, reflection, and absorption

How do you figure out the DIRECTION of the magnetic field created by a current-carrying wire?

Using the right-hand rule.

Which of these is a major branch of physics?

All of these are branches of physics

How is a vector quantity shown in a free-body diagram?

Arrows

What does it mean to say that mass and acceleration are inversely proportional?

As one gets larger the other gets smaller

What does it mean to say that mass and acceleration are inversely proportional?

As one gets larger the other gets smaller Explanation As the mass increases, the acceleration decreases.

Which of the following situations does NOT meet the requirements for a direct relationship?

As one variable increases the other decreases

For a satellite in orbit, what force provides the centripetal force that keeps it moving in a circle?

Gravitational force.

If a car is rolling naturally downhill without the engine running, what energy transfer is happening?

Gravitational potential energy is changing into kinetic energy. Explanation Gravitational potential energy is changing into kinetic energy.

If a single object is at rest on a table, which of the following is (are) acting on it?

Gravity and the normal force Explanation When an object is at rest, gravity and the normal force are the only forces acting on it.

All of these statements are correct, EXCEPT:

Gravity may act to pull an object downwards or upwards.

Which of the following terms is used to describe the time required for a quantity to fall to half of its starting value?

Half-Life

In which of the following parts of our bodies will we have the LOWEST pressure?

Head

Which one of the following is NOT true about free-fall?

Heavier objects fall at a faster rate than lighter objects.

Sea breezes are created when:

Hot air above the land rises, and colder sea air rushes in to fill the gap.

What does Malus' Law tell us?

How much light travels through a polarizing filter.

Which of the following is a word that describes fluid systems that apply Pascal's principle?

Hydraulics

With electric field lines, how are stronger electric fields are represented? I. By electric field lines that are close together II. By electric field lines that are far apart III. By using long vector arrows IV. By using short vector arrows

I and III

Which of the following is NOT an example of how lenses are used?

In blu-ray players.

In the photoelectric effect, increasing the frequency of the light being used will do what to the electrons that are ejecte

Increase the energy

What are the units of latent heat?

J/kg

What is the meaning of a negative position?

The object is in the opposite direction of what we declared as positive.

Which statement is NOT true about action and reaction forces?

The reaction force is twice the magnitude of the action force

Which of these is a true statement about the Doppler Effect?

The frequency of sound approaching an observer will be higher than the frequency of sound moving away from an observer

28 What does it mean that force is a vector quantity?

It has both direction and magnitude Explanation A vector quantity describes values that have both a magnitude and a direction. Velocity is a vector as is force.

The direction of the force experienced by a charged particle moving relative to a magnetic field is affected by all of these, EXCEPT

The friction experienced by the magnetic field

What is rotational kinetic energy?

The movement energy an object has due to its spin.

Newtons' Second Law of Motion says what?

The net force equals the mass of the object times its acceleration.

What is the definition of angular velocity?

The number of radians an object rotates by each second

What is the meaning of a velocity vs. time graph showing a straight horizontal line at 4 m/s?

The object is moving at a constant speed of 4m/s.

Which statement is NOT true about action and reaction forces?

The reaction force is twice the magnitude of the action force Explanation All of these are true except the one about the reaction force being twice the magnitude of the action force.

If there is a negative sign in front of the Hooke's Law equation, what does the force, F, represent?

The restoring force

What does it mean that force is a vector quantity?

It has both direction and magnitude Explanation A vector quantity describes values that have both a magnitude and a direction. Velocity is a vector as is force.

If it wasn't for friction or air resistance, what would happen to a spinning top?

It would keep spinning forever, because of Newton's 1st Law.

What is the angular variable that corresponds to the linear variable 'time'?

It's just time. There is no angular version.

What makes a mirror different to the surface of a wall in terms of creating an image?

It's much smoother.

4 kilometers = _____ millimeters.

4,000,000

Which is NOT a component of work done on an object?

The velocity of the object

Which of these words accurately describes 'position'?

Vector.

What is the answer to the following math equation. x^0 = ?

1

Which Kelvin temperature is equal to 25 degrees Celsius?

298 K

An object is rotating at a rate of 5 radians per second. If it takes 3 seconds for the object to reduce its velocity to 1 radian per second, what is the angular acceleration?

- 1.33 radians per second per second

A force of 150 N compresses a spring 30 m. What is the spring's spring constant?

5 N/m

Average acceleration is determined by

Change in velocity / change in time

What is the equation for momentum?

Mass (kg) * Velocity (m/s)

What does the equation MA = s/h calculate?

The mechanical advantage of an inclined plane

What direction is the force on the proton moving through the magnetic field?

To the right

Increasing the current through a wire:

causes the magnetic field around the wire to increase

The formula 1/2(kx^2) calculates _____.

elastic potential energy

Which equation is used to determine the normal force in any situation?

ΣF = ma Explanation Newton's second law, ΣF = ma, is what is used to plug in the forces acting along the same axis that the normal force acts. If the normal force is horizontal between two blocks pushing against each other, mg is not even required to determine the normal force.

A sample of thulium-171 has a mass of 0.4055 grams. How much is left after 6 half-lives?

0.006336 grams

One watt of power is used when _____ of work is done in _____.

1 joule; 1 second

Cobalt-57 has a half-life of about 272 days. If a sample has an initial mass of 2.24 grams and undergoes decay until it has a mass of 0.140 grams, then how many half-lives passed

4

A cannonball is shot at 60 degrees above the horizontal. If its horizontal velocity at the top of its arc is 22.5 m/s north, at what velocity was it shot?

45 m/s

What is the value of (1.8 x 10^-12) + (6 x 10^-11)?

6.18 x 10^-11

Which best describes impulse?

A change in an object's momentum

Why can sound waves spread out around large objects like trees, but light waves need tiny slits to diffract?

Because sound waves have a much larger wavelength.

Complete Pascal's equation below. F1 / A1 = _____ / A2

F2 (Final force)

In which states (phases) of matter can convection happen?

Liquids and gases.

What is the unit of force?

Newton

Which best describes the buoyant force?

The upward force of a fluid

Which type of images appear behind the mirror?

Virtual

Which of the following is NOT an example of convection in action?

Your hand feels warm when held *next to* a campfire.

Cordless charging of devices uses _____.

induction

What is the half-life in the graph below

1 year

How many mL are in 3.4 L?

3,400 mL

Which of the following is NOT considered a projectile motion problem?

A football rolling down a hill

Which of these is true about Beta plus decay?

A positron is emitted.

What is the angular equivalent of 'position'?

Angle

Which of the following is really just a high-energy electron?

Beta particle

What is the difference between kinematics and dynamics?

Kinematics studies motion without forces, dynamics includes forces.

What does it mean to say that momentum is conserved?

There is no net change

Which of the following is a correct example of geometric vector addition? (NOTE: In these diagrams, the BLACK arrow is the total, and the blue and red arrows are the vectors we should be adding together.)

triangel

Which of the following shows the correct result vector of vector a minus vector b?

triangle Explanation To subtract a - b, the b is negated and then placed tail to tip to a. The resulting vector is the one that goes from one end of the joined vector to the other end in a straight line.

Destructive interference occurs when the crest of one wave lines up with the _____ of another wave.

trough

The electromagnetic waves that cause sunburn are

ultraviolet

A proton moves through a wire in the magnetic field as shown in the diagram. Which way does the force on the proton act?

up

What is the potential energy of a 750 g ball at the top of a building that is 20 m tall?

147 J

Sound with a frequency of 950 Hz and a wavelength of 1 m will travel _____ kilometers in 5 minutes.

285

Which is an accurate velocity reading?

40 miles per hour south

If water has a specific heat capacity of 4.2 J/C, how much heat does it take to warm 50 grams of water from 60 C to 90 C

6.3 J

What is a system?

Any situation where outside forces are not acti

How do lenses work?

By refracting and focusing light.

What is terminal velocity?

Zero acceleration

An atom becomes a negative ion when:

an electron joins the atom

Which of the following is a common unit that is used to measure energy?

oules

What is the equation of continuity?

v1 A1 = v2 A2

Which of the following is NOT one of the big 5 equations for rotational motion with a constant acceleration? (Note: In the images below, w0 is the initial angular velocity, and w is the final angular velocity. This is another way of notating the same thing, which you may well see in problems and tests.)

v2=v02+2ax

28 What do we call a measurement of an object's ability to keep spinning?

v\angular momentum

A _____ has magnitude and direction, while a _____ only has magnitude.

vector; scalar

What happens to the temperature of water as it boils?

It remains constant

How does adding energy to a solid change the substance?

It turns it into a liquid.

If a 20 kilogram object has 1440 Joules of kinetic energy, how fast is it moving?

12 meters per second

A ball traveling at 3 m/s East hits a wall and bounces off heading West traveling at 2 m/s . If the change in direction took 0.4 second, what is the average acceleration of the ball?

12.5 m/s2 West Explanation Average acceleration = Δv / Δ t Average acceleration = (vfinal - vinitial) / Δt We will make East the positive direction and West the negative direction. Average acceleration = (-2 m/s - 3 m/s) / 0.4 s Average acceleration = -12.5 m/s2 Since we made West the negative direction, we will report our answer as 12.5 m/s2 West.

A person applied a work of 25 J to a tool during a period of 2 seconds. What power did the person exert over the tool?

12.5 watts

You want to observe the external structures of a small insect, so you decide to use a lens to see these structures in greater detail. You put the insect on the table and hold the lens 0.2 m above it. We see a clear image when our eye is 0.35 m above the glass. What's the focal length of our magnifying glass?

12.7 cm

The lever of a car lift has an area of 0.2 meters squared, and the area of the lift under the car is 8 meters squared. If you push with a force of 3 newtons, how much force will be applied to the car?

120 Newtons

You're standing on top of a building and throw a hammer straight down with an initial velocity of 11 m/s. It takes 4 seconds for the hammer to hit the ground. How high off the ground were you standing when you threw the hammer?

122.4 m Explanation You were given or can determine the following variables: y = 0 m (the ground) y sub 0 = ? Because you throw it down, v sub 0 is negtive: v sub 0 = -11 m/s a = g = -9.8 m/s^2 t = 4 s Only Equation #3 uses all these variables: y = y sub 0 + v sub 0*t + ½ at^2. y = y sub 0 + v sub 0*t + ½ at^2 0 m = y sub 0 + (-11 m/s)(4 s) + (1/2)(-9.8 m/s^2)(4^2) 0 m = y sub 0 + (-44 m) + (-78.4 m) 0 m = y sub 0 - 122.4 m y sub 0 = 122.4 m

nstead of Styrofoam, you try taking a metal cooler to the water park. This cooler has a surface area of 1.5 meters squared, has walls 0.02 meters thick, but the metal material has a thermal conductivity of 50. The temperature inside the cooler starts at 5 Celsius, and the temperature outside is 38 Celsius. Calculate the heat energy per second lost by the cooler.

123,750 Joules per second.

Metal mercury is poured into a beaker and has a volume of 15 mL. The mass of mercury is 204 g. What is the specific gravity of mercury? The density of water is 1 g/mL.

13.6

hat is the magnitude of electric field strength a distance of 14 meters from a 3x10^-6 coulomb charge? (Ignore the direction in this question)

138 newtons per coulomb.

A 19 kg mass is moving at 10 m/s i-hat, and collides elastically with a 8 kg mass at rest. What is the velocity of the 8 kg mass immediately after the collision?

14 m/s

What is the angle of refraction for light entering water from air when the light strikes the water at 20° to the normal? The index of refraction of air is 1 and 1.33 for water.

14.9 °

A disk was spinning at a speed of 2.5 radians/second and then its speed increased to 5.0 radians/second. If it takes the disk 4 seconds to speed up from 2.5 to 5.0, how far does it turn during this acceleration?

15 radians

Alexander, who weighs 180 pounds, lifts a 10 N box 15 m in the air. How much work did he do?

150 J

The half life of a radioactive substance, I-123, is 13 hours. How much of a 64 mg sample of I-123 is left after 26 hours?

16 mg

What is the electric field strength from a 3 coulomb charge with a distance of 0.4 meters? (k = 9 × 109)

16.9 × 1010 N/C

Hugo measures the pressure in his car's tire and finds that it is 32 Psi. What is the pressure if he converts this measurement from Psi to Torr?

1654

A spinning top increases the rate at which it spins from 5 radians per second, at an angular acceleration of 3 radians per second per second. If it continues to accelerate for 4 seconds, what will the final angular velocity be?

17 radians per second

How is instantaneous velocity calculated?

Divide the change in position by the change in time, and add the direction.

What visual aid shows us the forces acting on an object?

Free-body diagram

Which force shown on a free-body diagram acts opposite to the direction of motion?

Friction

What is static friction?

Friction between two stationary surfaces that occurs when you try to move them alongside each other.

13 Which best describes air resistance?

Friction due to movement through the air Explanation Air resistance is a friction that acts on an object in the air, like when a feather slowly floats to the ground instead of dropping quickly.

Which of these is TRUE about the velocity vs. time graph of an object that has a constant, positive acceleration?

It will be a line that moves up from left to right.

If the lens you are using is concave, what does that tell you about the focal length?

It will be a negative number.

What does it mean to say that something is proportional?

It will change by the same amount as another variable

If the weight of an object that is submerged in a fluid is 10 N and the buoyant force on it is 20 N, what will happen to the object?

It will float

You want to make a marinade that contains soy sauce, water and other various ingredients. There are 71.94 g in 60 mL of soy sauce. Will the soy sauce float or sink in water? (density of water is 1 g/mL).

It will sink.

A cart is moving across a table in physics class. When the applied force is 5N, the frictional force is also 5N. Will this car remain in motion or stop after 3 minutes if the motor continues to run

It will stay at a constant velocity because the forces are balanced.

Your friend is studying about pressure and he tells you that pressure can be measured in kg per unit volume, mm of mercury, and atmospheres. What should you tell your friend?

Kg per unit volume is not a unit of pressure, but mm of mercury and atmospheres are.

Which of the following regions of the electromagnetic spectrum has the highest frequency?

aves X-ray

The direction of a magnetic field is:

away from the north pole and toward the south pole

Destructive interference occurs when _____.

wo waves meet and the peak of one lines up with the trough of the other

Why does static friction exist?

Because surfaces have imperfections, and adhesion occurs between the two stationary surfaces.

Why does running a jar under hot water make it easier to open?

Because the gaps between the threads and the lid get larger as it expands.

Why does your image in a mirror make it look like you're behind the mirror?

Because the light rays that reach your eye come from that direction after reflecting off the mirror.

Why is it easier to open a door by pushing a long way from the hinge?

Because this creates a larger torque.

How do we know that gravitational potential energy exists?

Because when you drop a ball, it starts to move, and this energy has to come from somewhere.

How do we know that rotating objects have kinetic energy?

Because you have to use energy to get an object to rotate.

Why do you feel a centrifugal force if it isn't real?

Because your body wants to keep going in a straight line, as explained by Newton's 1st Law.

If you run around a field for a total of 1300 meters and end up back where you started, what was your distance, and what was your displacement?

Distance: 1300 meters. Displacement: 0 meters.

Two collections of electrons with the same charge density but with different amounts of charge will _____.

have the same voltage

What is mass?

he amount of matter in an object

he total energy contained within a substance is termed ...

heat energy

The separation of white light through a prism happens because each frequency (color) is _ at a different angle.

refracted

Why is force a vector quantity?

t has magnitude and direction Explanation It's a vector it has both magnitude and direction.

Calculate the difference in the length of an object with a length of 1.25 m when the temperature changes from 10 C to 52 C (the coefficient of expansion is 7.8 × 10-6).

0.41 mm

Using the following graph, calculate the average velocity from 0 to 4 seconds.

-1 m/s

A ball is shot horizontally from a height of 2 meters with a velocity of 5 m/s. How long does it take before the paintball reaches the floor

0.64 s

A point charge q1 of 1 μC is a horizontal distance (d) of 1 cm to the left of a point charge q2 of -1 μC . What would be the electric field strength a distance x that is 2 cm to the right of point charge q2?

-1.25 X 107 N/C Explanation In this problem, we need to use the principle of superposition to find the overall electric field strength at location x. Using the principle of superposition, we have to sum each individual electric field strength from each point charge, and since the signs of the two point charges are opposite, you would subtract the electric field strength of point charge q2 from the electric field strength of point charge q1, giving us the answer of -1.25 X 107 N/C.

What is the displacement of the object between 3 and 5 seconds?

-10 m Explanation This is a velocity vs. time graph, and the area under the curve is displacement. The area we need is a rectangle. From 3 to 5 seconds is a 2-second distance. The length of the rectangle is -5 m. (2 s)(-5 m) = -10 m

Convert 100 Kelvin to degrees Celsius.

-173 C

A 4 kg object is moving at 3 m/s i-hat, and collides with a 3 kg object traveling at -10 m/s i-hat. They collide inelastically. What is the velocity of the combined mass immediately after the collisions.

-2.6 m/s

While climbing a tree, you pick an apple and throw it straight down. After 1 second, the apple is traveling 18 m/s. How fast will the apple be traveling 3 seconds later?

-47 m/s Explanation You were given or can determine the following variables: v sub 0 = -18 m/s (the vector sign is negative because the motion is downward) a = g= -9.8 m/s^2 t = 3 s (this is the time we're concerned with, we already know the velocity after 1 second, we need it after 3 more seconds) v = ? We have to use Equation 2: v = v sub 0 + at v = -18 m/s + (-9.8 m/s^2)(3 s) v = -18 m/s + (-29.4 m/s) = -47 m/s (the negative sign represents that the object is traveling downward)

A 10 kg mass moving at -5 m/s i-hat. It collides elastically with a 5 kg mass moving at -0.5 m/s i-hat. The collision is elastic. What is the final momentum of the system?

-52.5 kgm/s

What is the electrical force inside a Faraday cage when it is struck by lightning?

0

What is the coefficient of sliding friction for a 100 kg object sliding on flat ground that needs a force of 100 newtons to keep it moving? Use g = 10.0 m/s/s in your calculations.

0.1 Explanation 100 Newtons = (10 m/s/s)(100 kg)(coefficient), coefficient = 100 / 1000 = 0.1

What is the wavelength of a sound wave with a frequency of 450 Hz? (Tip: The speed of sound in air is 330 m/s.)

0.73 m

A 17 kg table is pushed across the floor at a constant speed, with a force of 125 N. What's the coefficient of sliding friction?

0.75

If we stretch a spring from a length of 1 meter to a length of 3 meters, and the spring constant is 0.4, what force did we apply to stretch the spring?

0.8 newtons Explanation x = 3 - 1 = 2 k = 0.4 F = kx = (0.4)(2) = 0.8 newtons. (The negative sign is only used when the force is the restoring force of the spring.)

A 6.95 gram sample of radioactive nobelium-259 has a half-life of 58 min. How much is left after 2 hours and 54 minutes?

0.869 grams

What is the emissivity (e) of a perfect radiator of heat?

1

A 2 kg toy car with a velocity of 5 m/s collides elastically with a second toy car that has a velocity of -2 m/s. After the collision, the 2 kg toy car has a velocity of 3 m/s and the second car has a velocity of 2 m/s. Using the conservation of momentum, what is the mass of the second car?

1 kg

What is the instantaneous velocity from seconds 6 to 10?

1 m/s

A concave mirror has a focal point of 1.5 meters. If we stand 1.5 meters away from it, where is the image?

1 meter behind the mirror

The moon is approximately 400,000 kilometers from Earth. The moon gets approximately 40 millimeters farther away from the earth every year. 1 millimeter is 1 x 10^-6 kilometers. In approximately how many years will the moon be twice as far from the Earth as it is now, assuming that nothing else changes?

1 x 10^10 years Explanation For the moon to be twice as far from the Earth as it now, it will need to travel another 400,000 kilometers away. Every year it moves 40 millimeters (4 x 10^-5 km) away, so we can express this problem using this equation: y(4 x 10^-5 km) = 4 x 10^5 km, where y is the number of years. So, y = (4 x 10^5)/(4 x 10^-5) = 1 x 10^10 yrs. That's a long time!

Find the acceleration due to gravity on the surface of a planet with a mass of 3.5 * 10^24 kg and an average radius of 4.5 * 10^6 m.

11.50 m/s2

What is the mass of a liquid with a density of 2.12 g/mL and a volume of 53.0 mL (to the nearest gram)?

112 g Explanation density = mass/volume So, mass = density * volume mass = 2.12 g/ml * (53.0 ml) = 112 g Using significant figures in multiplacation, we keep three digits. This causes us to round to 112 g.

Two charged particles sit 10 cm apart and feel a force of 22 N. If we double the charge on one of the particles and double the distance, what force do the charges feel?

11N

If a 22.4 L container is holding 1.00 mole of a gas at 273 kelvins, then what is its pressure?

1.00 atm

You decide to take some measurements on an oil slick on the side of a wet road. You find that the wavelength of a particular color you're interested in is 3.7 x 10^-7 meters, and the thickness of the oil at that pint is 4 x 10^-7 meters. If the light is hitting the puddle at an angle of 55 degrees, and the color you're looking at is a 2nd order maxima, what is the refractive index of the oil?

1.21

You are inspecting a small piece of jewelry using a lens. You put the jewelry on the table and hold the lens 10 cm above it. You see a clear image when your eye is 15 cm above the glass. What's the magnification of the glass?

1.5

What is the value of (8 x 10^-2) x (2 x 10^5)? Express your answer using scientific notation

1.6 x 10^4

What is the value of (8 x 10^-2) x (2 x 10^5)? Express your answer using scientific notation

1.6 x 10^4 Explanation Multiply the two significands and use exponent rules. This gives us (8 x 10^-2) x (2 x 10^5) = 16 x 10^3. But remember that we want to express our answer using scientific notation. The means we want it in the form a x 10^b, where a is a number between 1 and 10. So, 16 x 10^3 = 1.6 x 10 x 10^3 = 1.6 x 10^4

How strong is the magnetic field 48 cm away from a wire carrying 4 amps of current? (permeability of free space = 1.26 × 10-6 Tm/A)

1.67 × 10-6 T

A tennis ball is dropped from a roof 16 meters from the ground. How long does it take for the ball to reach the ground?

1.8 seconds Explanation You were given or can determine the following variables: y = 0 m (the ground) y sub 0 = 16 m (the height of the ball) v sub 0 = 0 m/s (the ball is motionless when dropped) a = g = -9.8 m/s^2 t = ? Only Equation #3 uses all these variables: y = y sub 0 + v sub 0*t + ½ at^2. 0 m = 16 m + (0 m/s)(t) + (1/2)(-9.8 m/s^2)(t^2) 0 m = 16 m + (-4.9 m/s^2)(t^2) -16 m = (-4.9 m/s^2)(t^2) (-16 m) / (-4.9 m/s^2) = t^2 t = √((-16 m) / (-4.9 m/s^2)) = 1.8 seconds

What is the energy associated with an infrared electromagnetic wave with a frequency of 0.003 Hz?

1.99 x 10-36 J

What is the momentum of a 10 kg object traveling at 10 m/s?

100 kgm/s

Convert 65 miles per hour to km per hour.

104.61 km/hour

Calculate the angular acceleration using the following data: Initial velocity: 10 radians per second Final velocity: 20 radians per second Time: 5 seconds

2 radians/second

Using this graph, how long did it take for the object to move its first 10 meters?

2 seconds Explanation To answer this question, simply find where the graph crosses the 10 meter line and follow this point down to where it crosses the time axis. In this case, it crosses the time axis at 2 seconds.

If you double the force on an object but the distance remains the same, how much work is done on that object?

2 times as much

What is the magnetic field strength and direction at a point P, 0.2 meters away from a wire carrying a current of 2 amps? (See the diagram below to help figure out the direction.)

2 x 10^-6 teslas, out of the screen.

While on Mars, you drop your Martian detector while climbing out of the rover. If you're standing on a platform 8 meters from the ground and the acceleration due to gravity on Mars is -3.8 m/s^2, how long does it take for the Martian detector to hit the ground?

2.1 s Explanation You were given or can determine the following variables: y = 0 m (the ground) y sub 0 = 8 m (the height of the object) v sub 0 = 0 m/s (the object is motionless when dropped) a = -3.8 m/s^2 (in this case, a different acceleration due to gravity was provided) t = ? Only Equation #3 uses all these variables: y = y sub 0 + v sub 0*t + ½ at^2. 0 m = 8 m + (0 m/s)(t) + (1/2)(-3.8 m/s^2)(t^2) 0 m = 8 m + (-1.9 m/s^2)(t^2) -8 m = (-1.9 m/s^2)(t^2) (-8 m) / (-1.9 m/s^2) = t^2 t = √{(-8 m) / (-1.9 m/s^2)} = 2.1 second

While on Mars, you drop your Martian detector while climbing out of the rover. If you're standing on a platform 8 meters from the ground and the acceleration due to gravity on Mars is -3.8 m/s^2, how long does it take for the Martian detector to hit the ground?

2.1 s Explanation You were given or can determine the following variables: y = 0 m (the ground) y sub 0 = 8 m (the height of the object) v sub 0 = 0 m/s (the object is motionless when dropped) a = -3.8 m/s^2 (in this case, a different acceleration due to gravity was provided) t = ? Only Equation #3 uses all these variables: y = y sub 0 + v sub 0*t + ½ at^2. 0 m = 8 m + (0 m/s)(t) + (1/2)(-3.8 m/s^2)(t^2) 0 m = 8 m + (-1.9 m/s^2)(t^2) -8 m = (-1.9 m/s^2)(t^2) (-8 m) / (-1.9 m/s^2) = t^2 t = √{(-8 m) / (-1.9 m/s^2)} = 2.1 seconds

The Great Wall of China is approximately 21,000 kilometers long. Assuming that one average step is approximately 100 cm (0.001 kilometers) long, how many steps would it take to walk the entire length of the Great Wall?

2.1 x 10^7 Explanation To solve this scientific notation problem, we can set up an equation. If s is the number of steps needed to walk the entire length of the Great Wall, then we have s(0.001) = 21,000 where everything is in kilometers. Write this equation in scientific notation to make it easier to solve: s x 10^-3 = 2.1 x 10^4. So, s = 2.1 x 10^4 x 10 ^3 = 2.1 x 10^7.

A 0.55 C charge moves at 5 m/s in an electric field of 4 N/C. There is a magnetic field of 0.0013 T at a 30-degree angle. What is the magnitude of the Lorentz force felt by the charge?

2.20 N

What is the energy carried by a photon of green light with a wavelength of 520 nm? (Plank's constant = 4.136 × 10-15 eV/Hz)

2.39 eV

A ball is moving at 5 m/s with a momentum of 12 kg m/s. What is the mass of the ball?

2.4 kg

How is the number 24,507 written in correct scientific notation?

2.4507 X 104

What is the flow rate of water that is moving at 1 m/s through a 2.5 m2 pipe?

2.5 m3 / s

What tension do we need to put on the string of a 0.5 kg object, to spin it around in a 0.6 m radius circle, going 1.8 m/s?

2.7 N

A moving object accelerates at 4 m/sˆ2 until it reaches a velocity of 32 m/s. It took the object 3 seconds to reach this velocity. What was the object's initial velocity?

20 m/s

Consider an alien on a planet with an acceleration of gravity equal to 20 m/sec2. If the alien's mass is 10 kg, how much does the alien weigh?

200 Newtons Explanation To determine the weight of the alien, begin with the formula for force, F = m * a. Now substitute weight for force and the acceleration of gravity (g) for acceleration, Weight = m * g. Now plug in the values for m and g and solve for weight, 10kg * 20m = Weight. A newton (N) of force equals 1 kg * m/sec^2; therefore, we can say the alien weighs 200 Newtons. (There are 4.5 Newtons in a pound.)

A 200 kg object moves with an acceleration of 10 m/s2. What is the force acting on the object?

2000 N Explanation Using the formula F = m x a, when you plug in the values of m and a, the answer yields a force of 2,000 Newtons.

Calculate the acceleration due to gravity on the surface of a planet with a mass of 14.23 x 1021 kg and an average radius of 2.1 x 105 m.

21.52 m/s2

If we apply a 5 newton force to a spring, and it stretches 0.2 meters, what is the spring constant of the spring?

25 newtons per meter Explanation F = 5 newtons x = 0.2 meters F = kx k = F/x = 5/0.2 = 25 newtons per meter

Find the density of a fluid with a pressure of 12,500 Pa when measured at a height of 5 m.

255.1 kg/m3

A ball on a string in uniform circular motion has a velocity of 8 meters per second, a mass of 2 kilograms, and the radius of the circle is 0.5 meters. What is the centripetal force keeping the ball in the circle?

256 N

Using the formula g = GM/R^2, calculate the acceleration due to gravity near the surface of Jupiter. The mass of Jupiter is 1.898 x 10^27 kg, and the average radius of Jupiter is 6.9911 x 10^7 m. The universal gravitational constant G is 6.67 x 10^-11 N-m^2/kg^2.

26 m/s^2 Explanation g = (6.67 x 10^-11 N-m^2/kg^2)(1.898 x 10^27 kg )/(6.9911 x 10^7 m)^2 g = (1.27 x 10^17 )/(4.8875 x 10^15) g = 26 m/s^2

If an object has 30 Newtons of force pushing to the left and 3 Newtons forcing it to the right, what is the object's acceleration if gravity exerts a force of 5 Newtons but another force exerts 5 Newtons against the force of gravity?

27 Newtons to the left

Water has a latent heat of vaporization of 2260 J/g. If 12 grams evaporate, how much heat has it taken with it?

27,120 J

Using the formula g = GM/R^2, calculate the acceleration due to gravity near the surface of the Sun. The mass of the Sun is 1.99 x 10^30 kg, and the average radius of the Sun is 6.96 x 10^8 m. The universal gravitational constant G is 6.67 x 10^-11 N-m^2/kg^2.

275 m/s^2 Explanation g = (6.67 x 10^-11 N-m^2/kg^2)(1.99 x 10^30 kg )/(6.96 x 10^8 m)^2 g = (1.33 x 10^20 )/(4.84 x 10^17) g = 275 m/s^2

A marathon runner runs with an average velocity of 5.5 m/s. How long in seconds does it take for the runner to travel 158 m? (Round to the nearest second.)

29 s Explanation The question provides the following information: Δx = 158 m, average v = 5.5 m/s. The question asks for the time, t. Equation 1 uses all of these variables: Δx = average v∗t Δx = average v∗t 158 m = (5.5 m/s)(t) t = 158 m / 5.5 m/s = 28.7 s (which rounds to 29 seconds). The runner can travel 158 m in 29 seconds.

In a case of thin-film interference where both rays undergo a phase change, which of the following equations will represent the bright spots (constructive interference)?

2nfilmdcos(02)=(m-1/2)

The metric prefix kilo means that the base unit is multiplied by how many powers of 10?

3

If vector 1 has a magnitude of 3, and a direction of 30 degrees below the negative x-axis, and vector 2 has a magnitude of 4, and a direction of 80 degrees below the negative x-axis, what is vector 1 minus vector 2? (Please complete this question geometrically using paper, a pencil and a ruler.)

3.1 m/s at 52 degrees above the negative x-axis

What is the value of (2 x 10^6) + (3 x 10^7)?

3.2 x 10^7

What is the value of (2 x 10^6) + (3 x 10^7)?

3.2 x 10^7 Example Rewrite the two numbers to make the exponents the same, so we can add them in scientific form. Remember that the exponent on the 10 represents the number of places that the decimal point has moved to the left. We can change this exponent by manipulating the position of the decimal point in the significand. For each shift of the decimal point to the left, we simply add one to the exponent. (.2 x 10^7) + (3 x 10^7) = 3.2 x 10^7

A point charge q1 of 1 microcoulombs is a horizontal distance d of 1 cm to the left of a point charge q2 of 1 microcoulombs. What would be the electric field strength of a distance x that is 2 cm to the right of point charge q2?

3.25 x 10^7 N/C Explanation Etotal = E1 + E2 E = k(q1/(d + x)^2) + k(q2(x)^2) E = 9 x 10^9(1 x 10^-6/(0.01 + 0.02)^2) + 9 x 10^9(1 x 10^-6/(0.02)^2) E = 3.25 x 10^7 N/C

What is the energy of an AM radio wave with a frequency of 500 kHz (5 x 105 Hz)?

3.31 x 10-28 J

If the angular velocity of a spinning disk is 6 radians per second, and four seconds later it is 20 radians per second, what is the angular acceleration of the disk during that time?

3.5 radians per second per second.

What is the electric field strength of a point charge of 10 μC at a distance of 5 cm away?

3.6 X 107 N/C Explanation To solve for the electric field strength of a point charge, we would use the equation of electric field = k*(q/r2). Plugging in the values given, we would get an electric field strength of 3.6 X 107 N/C.

In a tug of war one person pulls the rope to the left side of the field with a force of 50 N. The other person pulls the rope to the right with a force of 20 N. What is the net force on the chest?

30 N to the left

A spinning top is spun at an angular velocity of 3 radians per second, by applying a torque of 10 newton-meters. How much power is being transferred to the spinning top?

30 watts.

A force of 500 newtons accelerates an object of unknown mass at an acceleration of 15 m/s2. What is the mass of the object?

33.33 kg Explanation Using Newton's Second Law formula (F = m x a), and since we are given F and a, we can solve for m. Plugging the values given into the equation, we get a mass of 33.33 kg.

Polarized light of intensity 50 Watts per meter squared is shined through a second polarizing filter. If the slits in the filter are at 35 degrees to the polarization of the light, what intensity of light will make it through the second filter?

33.6 Watts per meter squared.

In a different tug of war, one team pulls with a force of 50 newtons at an angle of 30 degrees from the positive x-axis, and a second team pulls with a force of 25 newtons at an angle of 250 degrees. Use a scale drawing to determine the total force and angle applied to the central ring. (NOTE: You will need paper, a protractor and a ruler to complete this question.)

34.8 N at 2.5 degrees from the positive x-axis

A 150 Watt bulb has a surface area of 15 cm, a radius 0.05 m and an emissivity of 0.85. What is the temperature?

380 K

You drive from your house to the dry cleaners, which is 12 miles east of your house. You then drive to the grocery store from the dry cleaners. The grocery store is 15 miles west of your house. What distance did you cover?

39 miles Explanation The dry cleaner's is 12 miles east of your house. As the grocery store is 15 miles west of your house, you have to drive back to your house: 12 + 12 = 24. From your house, you drive to the grocery store: 24 + 15 = 39.

What is the mass of alcohol given that the specific gravity is 0.79 and the mass of water is 50 g?

39.45 g Explanation Specific gravity = 0.79, and the mass of water is 50 g. Specific gravity = mass of alcohol/mass of water. 0.79 = mass of alcohol/50 g. Mass of alcohol = 0.79 * 50g = 39.45 g. The unit of mass in this case is in grams so the correct answer is 39.45 g.

A 6 kg mass moves at 4 m/s i-hat + 3 m/s j-hat. It collides inelastically with a 5 kg mass moving at 4 m/s i-hat. What is the momentum of the combined masses immediately after the collision?

4 m/s i-hat + 1.64 m/s j-hat

A 15 kg boy is pulled horizontally on a sled through the snow, by a force of 75 N. The force of friction from the snow acts opposite to the direction of movement of the boy and is 15 N. What is the acceleration of the boy?

4 m/s2 Explanation Using Newton's Second Law of Motion, we know that F = m x a. We are told that the boy is being pulled by a force of 75 N on a flat surface, and that the friction of the snow exerts a force of 15 N in the opposite direction. Therefore, our equation become 75 N - 15 N = 15a, giving us an acceleration of 4 m/s2.

An object with a volume of 0.5 m^3 is dropped into a water tank. If it takes 9,874 N to lift the object on land, how much force will it take to lift it in the water? (Density of water is 1,000 kg/m^3)

4,974 N

How many significant digits are in the number 180,750?

5 Explanation Using the three rules of significant figures we can see that there are 5 significant digits in the number 180,750

f there is 10 N force acting downward on an object and 15 N force acting upward, what is the net force on the object?

5 N upward Explanation If we have a 10 N force acting downward and a 15 N force acting upward, we take 15 - 10 = 5, and since the greater magnitude force is acting upward, that's where our net force is, too. So in this case, the net force is 5 N upward.

How long would it take an object to move from of 10 meters to 15 meters if it has an average velocity of 1.2 m/s?

4.17 seconds

For this graph, calculate the total average speed.

4.5 m/s Explanation Average speed = total distance / total time Average speed = (15 m + 45 m + 30 m) / 20 s = 90 m / 20 s = 4.5 m/s Remember, speed is a scalar quantity so there is no directional component, in other words there are no negative values, in this case.

What's the correct way to write 0.00000487 using scientific notation?

4.87 × 10-6

What is the kinetic energy of a 5 kilogram object moving at 4 meters per second?

40 Joules

What is the force needed to keep an object moving that is on flat ground with a mass of 10 kg and a coefficient of sliding friction of 0.4? Use an acceleration of 10.0 m/s/s in your calculations.

40 Newtons Explanation (10 kg)(10 m/s/s)(0.4) = 40 kg m/s/s = 40 Newtons.

Calculate the moment of inertia using the following data. KE = 3,400 J Angular velocity = 2 rotations per second

43.06 kg m2

You lift a 3kg dumbbell from the ground until it is above your head, at a height of 1.5 meters. How much energy did you use in the process? (Assume that you're not a space alien, and your gym is on Earth.)

44 Joules

If a ball is dropped from a 100 m cliff, it accelerates at a constant rate of 9.8 m/s2. Assuming its initial velocity is 0 m/s, its initial position is 0 m and its final position is 100 m away from the initial position, what is the velocity of the ball when it hits the ground?

44.3 m/s Explanation The question provides the following information: v0 = 0 m/s, a = 9.8 m/s2, x = 100 m, x0 = 0 m. The questions asks for the final velocity, v. Equation 5 uses all of these variables: v2 = v0 2 + 2a(x - x0 ) v2 = v0 2 + 2a(x - x0 ) v2 = (0 m)2 + (2)(9.8 m/s2)(100 m - 0 m) v2 = 1960 m2 / s2 v = √ (1960 mv2 / s2) v = 44.3 m/s The rock will hit the ground with a final velocity of 44.3 m/s.

Heat is being transferred from the bottom of a saucepan of soup, to the top. Once convection begins, the temperature of the soup increases by 10 degrees Celsius. If it takes 3 minutes for the soup to increase temperature, and the mass of the soup is 2 kilograms, calculate the heat transferred per second in the process of increasing the soup's temperature. (The average specific heat capacity of the soup is 4000 J / kg C.)

444.4 Joules per second.

You heat up a piece of hot metal with an emissivity of 0.1 until it glows. If the temperature of the metal is 3000 K, and the surface area of the metal is 0.1 meters squared, how much heat energy per second is transferred by radiation from the metal?

45927 Joules per second (or Watts)

A hotdog cannon shoots a hotdog straight up in the air with an initial velocity of 30 m/s. How high will the hotdog fly?

46 m xplanation You were given or can determine the following variables: v = 0 m/s (the velocity at the highest point must be 0 m/s) v sub 0 = 30 m/s a = g = -9.8 m/s^2 y sub 0 = 0 m (assume the point the hotdog was fired is the initial position) y = ? Use Equation 5: v^2 = v sub 0 ^2 + 2a(y - y sub 0) (0 m/s)^2 = (30 m/s)^2 + (2)(-9.8 m/s^2)(y - 0 m) 0 = 900 m^2/s^2 + (-19.6 m/s^2)(y) -900 m^2/s^2 = (-19.6 m/s^2)(y) y = (-900 m^2/s^2) / (-19.6 m/s^2) = 46 m

The mass in the scenario is 10 kg. What is the normal force provided by the surface, which is angled at Θ = 60°?

49 N Explanation The normal force acting on the mass is the component of gravity perpendicular to the ramp's surface, which is N = mg cosΘ. Plugging in the values we get (10 kg)(9.8 m/s2)(cos60°) = 49 N

Calculate the slope of the line on the graph.

5 Explanation Slope = change in y / change in x Change in y = 25 - 0 = 25 Change in x = 5 - 0 = 5 Slope = 25/5 = 5

Consider an object being pushed to the left with a force of 15 N and pushed to the right with a force of 10 N. What is the net force acting on this object?

5 Newtons to the left Explanation To find the answer we need to calculate the net force. As the forces are acting in opposite directions, we subtract them. f (net) = 15 N left - 10 N right, and we get f (net) = 5 N left

In a physics lab, a 10 kg mass is propelled at 6 m/s into a second 20 kg mass moving at 3 m/s. After they collide and bounce off each other, the 10 kg mass is moving at 2 m/s. Using the conservation of kinetic energy, find the velocity of the 20 kg mass after the collision.

5 m/s

Which of the following is a fully described force?

5 newtons to the north Explanation To fully describe a force, it needs to have a value, a unit type, and a direction.

If you exerted a force of 1000 Newtons on an object weighing 20 kilograms, how much was the acceleration?

50 meters per second squared Explanation The equation for Newton's Second Law of Motion is: Force = mass * acceleration Plug the numbers above into the equation to solve. 1000 newtons = 20 kg * acceleration Acceleration = 1000 / 20 = 50 meters / second ^2

If a force of 10 newtons is applied at a distance of 5 meters from a pivot point, what torque does this produce

50 newton meters.

Which of the following is the closest to a mass of 500 mL of water?

500 g

A man is trying to pull an elephant off of the road but it doesn't move. The man pulls on the rope with a force of 5000 N. How much force does the elephant pull on the rope?

5000 N Explanation Although the elephant is a lot larger than the man and is not moving, the elephant is still exerting the same amount of force on the rope as the rope is exerting on the elephant. Therefore the elephant exerts 5000 N of force.

What angle do we need to shine light onto Ethyl alcohol (through air) to have it polarized? Tip: the index of refraction of Ethyl alcohol is 1.36.

53.7 degrees

Use the following data to calculate the velocity of a object, given the doppler effect. Actual frequency: 600 Hz Observed frequency: 700 Hz Wave velocity: 400 m/s Observer's velocity: 0 m/s

55.2 m/s

A ray of light begins in air (n=1) and is shined off the surface of a block of glass of refractive index 1.6. If maximum polarization is occurring, what is the Brewster's Angle for the ray of light?

58 degrees.

A bowler rolls a 5.00 kg bowling ball down a lane with a velocity of 6.00 m/s. It collides elastically into a second 4.00 kg bowling ball thrown down the same lane with a velocity of 4.00 m/s. Find the final velocity of the second bowling ball using the conservation of momentum and the elastic collision velocity.

6.22 m/s

A car accelerates at 20 m/sˆ2 to a velocity of 70 m/s. It covers 30 m in the process. What was its initial velocity?

60.83 m/s

What is the kinetic energy of a 2,500 kg truck going 22 m/s?

605,000 J

Consider a 10 kg object free-falling from a cliff with an initial speed of 0 m/sec. What will the speed of the object be after 1 sec and after 2 sec?

9.8 m/sec after 1 sec and 19.6 m/sec after 2 sec Explanation The acceleration of gravity is 9.8 m/sec2 on Earth, therefore the object will be traveling at a velocity of 9.8 m/sec downward after the first second. For the speed after two seconds, simply multiply 9.8 m/sec times 2, which equals 19.6 m/sec.

A spinning top with uniform mass distribution is rotating around its axis at a rate of three rotations every six seconds. If the moment of inertia of the object is 2 kg m^2, how much rotational kinetic energy does the spinning top contain?

9.9 Joules

A 10 kg bowling ball is lifted from the ground to a height of 1 meter. Assuming the bowling alley is on Earth, how much gravitational potential energy does it now have?

98 Joules

Which of the following situations demonstrates balanced forces according to Newton's First Law of Motion?

A ball is sitting still on the floor.

If all of the objects have around the same mass, which of the following objects has the most gravitational potential energy?

A ball stuck on the roof of a two-story house

Which of the following is an example of potential energy and not kinetic energy?

A bottle of sugar sitting on the counter top

Which of the following is a correct definition of Pascal's principle?

A change in pressure applied to an enclosed fluid is transmitted undiminished to all portions of the fluid and to the walls of its container.

In which of the following scenarios would the centroid and the center of mass of an object be the exact same point?

A circular hoop of uniform size and density

Which of the following is NOT an example of a polarizer?

A clear, regular pane of glas

Which of the following describes a convex mirror?

A curved (often spherical) mirror, where the mirrored surface is on the outside of the spherical curve.

Which of the following is the meaning of a scale drawing?

A drawing where the lengths and angles of every line relate to each other in a consistent way that matches the reality

What is the definition of centripetal force?

A force directed towards the center of a circle that keeps an object moving in a circle.

Which of the following is a correct definition of torque?

A force that is applied out of line with the center of mass of an object, that causes the object to rotate.

What is a free-body diagram?

A force vector diagram Explanation Free-body diagrams are force-vector diagrams.

Which of the following objects would sink in water?

A gold ring (specific gravity = 19.30 g/mL)

What happens when we put ferromagnetic materials in a magnetic field?

A magnet is created.

Which of the following is the definition of a vector field?

A map of a vector quantity over an area of space, containing both numbers and a direction.

Which of the following is a TRUE statement regarding Faraday cages?

A mesh cage is not as effective as a solid cage.

What is the definition of a spherical mirror?

A mirror that has a consistent curve and a constant radius of curvature.

18 What is a ray?

A path of light drawn as a straight line, coming from a source.

To understand the definition for angle of incidence, you also need to understand normal vectors. What is a normal vector?

A perpendicular vector from a plain or surface of an object

What is a free-body diagram?

A picture or sketch used to show the forces acting on an object, with arrows representing the forces Explanation A free-body diagram is a picture or sketch used by physicists and engineers to show the forces acting on an object, with arrows representing forces.

What is elasticity?

A property of a material that allows it to return to its original shape or length after being distorted or stretched.

Which of the following is the definition of a vector?

A quantity that has magnitude and direction.

What's the difference between a real and virtual image?

A real image can be projected onto a screen or piece of paper, a virtual image cannot.

What is the definition of a mirror?

A reflective surface that shows a clear image.

Which of the following is NOT an example of a real-life example or application of radiation?

A thermos will sometimes have a vacuum layer with no air or other material inside.

Which of the following best describes the definition of radiation as a form of heat transfer?

A type of heat transfer that travels through electromagnetic waves, especially infrared.

Which is NOT an example of a longitudinal wave?

A water wave at the beach

Which is the best description of a longitudinal wave?

A wave in which the particles of the medium move in the same direction as the wave.

Which of these is the correct definition of a transverse wave?

A wave where the direction of vibration is 90 degrees to the direction the wave is moving

Which of the following is TRUE about acceleration in Newton's Second Law of Motion?

Acceleration is directly proportional to the net force acting on objects.

f you know the temperature, volume, and pressure of a gas, how would you rearrange the ideal gas equation to find the number of moles?

Divide PV by both T and R.

Which of the following terms describes the interaction of two objects exerting equal and opposite forces against each other?

Action-Reaction pair

The type of fusion occurring in stars is dependent on two variables. The first is mass, since that determines the magnitude of the temperature and pressure at the star's interior. What is the second?

Age

Which factor or force do we ignore during free fall motion problems?

Air resistance

All the choices are the uses of the radioactive isotopes shown below EXCEPT:

All answers are correct

Why doesn't the car move when you push from the inside?

All are correct

Which of the following represents some form of the hydrostatic equation?

All are correct Explanation The hydrostatic equation may be written as: P = rho * g * d and P = rho * g * h This equation sometimes needs to be rearranged; therefore, all are correct.

Which types of objects have forces acting on them?

All objects Explanation All objects have forces acting on them.

Which of the following are types of kinetic energy?

All of the answers are correct.

Which of the following is a property of energy?

All of the answers are correct.

Why is Hooke's law important for finding elastic potential energy?

All of the answers are correct.

Which of the following is accurate about the force of gravity?

All of the options are true regarding the force of gravity Explanation Gravity is the attraction between two objects that have mass. The amount of gravity is directly proportional to the amount of mass of the objects and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the objects. Gravity is also a force that increases the velocity of falling objects causing them to accelerate with greater force as distance increases.

Which of the following is accurate about the force of gravity?

All of the options are true regarding the force of gravity. Explanation Gravity is the attraction between two objects that have mass. The amount of gravity is directly proportional to the amount of mass of the objects and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the objects. Gravity is also a force that increases the velocity of falling objects causing them to accelerate with greater force as distance increases.

Which of the following forces are shown on a free-body diagram?

All of these answers are correct.

Gravity is

All of these are correct

To correctly solve free fall problems, you need to

All of these are needed

Which is NOT true about forces?

All these things are true of forces. Explanation Forces always come in pairs. Where there's a push, there's a pull. Forces also have both magnitude and direction and they result from interactions which can be through contact or non-contact ways such as electricity.

Which of the following can be shielded by a piece of paper?

Alpha particle

What is the Biot-Savart Law?

An equation that describes the magnetic field created by a current-carrying wire.

What must be exerted an object for it to have momentum?

An external force

Which of the following is NOT an example of diffraction?

An image appearing on a mirror due to the bouncing of light waves off the surface.

Which of the following correctly defines 'thin film interference'?

An interference pattern is created due to two or three different materials or layers sandwiched on top of each other.

What is the difference between a system and an isolated system?

An isolated system cannot be affected by outside forces.

Which of the following is the best definition of thermal expansion?

An object increasing in size due to increased temperature.

Which best describes equilibrium?

An object with no change in its state of motion Explanation Equilibrium means there is no change in the object's state of motion.

Consider two planets. Planet X has a mass of 100 Units while Planet Y has a mass of 1,000 Units. Which of the following is NOT true concerning these planets?

An object would have more mass on Planet Y compared with Planet X. Explanation Mass is a measure of how much matter an object contains, while weight is a measure of the force of gravity on the object. An object has the same composition, and therefore mass, regardless of its location.

What is needed to change an object's state of motion?

An unbalanced force Explanation When forces are balanced, it means the forces are equal in size and opposite in direction. When this happens, the object will maintain its state of motion. So when they become unbalanced, they move

Joshua is making some calculations for his science fair project. He observes a small car move in a circle and divides the angle of rotation by the time it took the car to reach that angle. What is Joshua calculating?

Angular velocity

How does Huygen's Principle explain how diffraction can lead to a single wave producing an interference pattern?

Because if a wave is made of wavelets, those wavelets can interfere with each other.

Which does not constitute a change in energy?

Applying a force to an object

What does the equation of continuity tell us about movement of an ideal fluid?

As the area decreases the speed increases

If the boiling point of water increases with the addition of salt, how long would it take to boil pasta if you add a TON of salt?

As the water boils at a higher temperature, it will take less time to cook than it would without the salt.

In what direction do normal forces act?

At 90 degrees to the surface Explanation If an object is pressing on a solid, stationary surface, draw a normal force at 90 degrees to that surface.

Where in the graph of the motion of a projectile do we see an acceleration of 9.8 m/s2 downward ?

At the top of the arc

Consider a ball at the end of a string. If the ball is swinging back and forth, at what point in the swing would the ball have the most potential energy?

At the top of the swing Explanation This is just another form of the 'biking up the hill' question - at the apex of an object's trajectory (the top of the hill / the top of the swing), an object has the most potential energy.

Fill in the blanks: Electric field lines point _____ positive charges, and _____ negative charges.

Away from, towards

Which scenario shows a force arrangement that will definitely cause an acceleration?

B

Which scenario shows a force arrangement that will definitely cause an acceleration?

B Explanation In choice B, there is no force in the -x-direction to counter the forces in the +x-direction. This gives an unbalanced force in the x-direction, meaning the mass will accelerate in the +x-direction

Are the forces unbalanced or balanced in the free-body diagram below?

Balanced because the net force is equal to zero

Why are light bulbs measured in watts (power) instead of joules (work)?

Because a light bulb that used energy slower (low power) would be dimmer than a light bulb that used energy more quickly (high power).

Why do bridges have expansion joints built into them?

Because bridges will expand and contract as temperature changes, and without expansion joints they might collapse.

Why do you see a rainbow of colors, instead of just white light in a soap bubble?

Because different colors (wavelengths) of light refract differently, and so their maxima are in different places. But you see every color because there are a wide variety of thicknesses in the bubble.

Why do we draw free-body diagrams with forces acting on a dot?

Because for a non-rotating object, forces appear to act at the center of mass of that object Explanation People like to draw arrows moving away from the edge of an object, but in physics we know that forces act on a specific location. If the object is a particle, drawing a dot makes perfect sense. But even with a larger, funny-shaped object, that object still has a point in the middle called the center of mass. This is the place at which the forces appear to act

How would you rearrange the ideal gas equation to calculate the pressure of a gas?

Divide nRT by V

Which of the following is NOT a real-life use of polarizers?

Black-out curtains.

What do we know about the relationship between the angle of incidence and angle of reflection, due to the law of reflection?

Both angles are equal.

What happens to the melting and freezing point of water if salt is added?

Both melting and freezing point decrease as they are the same

How is freezing similar to deposition?

Both result in a phase change to solid.

How do control rods slow reactions?

By absorbing neutrons

How do you prevent spherical aberration?

By making your mirrors parabolic in shape.

What shape is the magnetic field created by a current carrying wire?

Concentric circles. (Or a cylinder in 3D.)

Which of these occurs when a saucepan is placed over a hot surface?

Conduction

The equation below represents which conservation law?

Conservation of momentum

Which of the following statements is true?

Deceleration occurs when the signs of velocity and acceleration are opposite.

As the frequencies of the pure spectral colors increase, the wavelengths of the colors:

Decrease

Distance is a scalar, while displacement/position is a vector. What does this mean?

Distance can never be negative, but displacement/position can.

The strength of the electric field of a point charge is dependent on what two variables?

Distance from the point charge and charge of point charge

This graph is broken up into 5 sections, labeled A-E .On this graph, what section(s) represents negative acceleration?

E Explanation On a Velocity vs. Time graph, negative acceleration is represented by a line that is falling. Sections E is the only one with a falling line.

Which of the following describes Huygen's Principle?

Every point on a wavefront acts as a source of lots of secondary spherical wavelets, which can therefore interfere with each other.

Which of the following formulas is used to calculate net force?

F = m * a Explanation Net force is the sum total of all forces acting on an object in a particular direction. Force can be calculated by simply rearranging the formula for acceleration to solve for force, ending up with f (net) = m * a.

How is acceleration calculated using a graph?

Find the slope of the velocity vs. time line.

Which of the following is not a function of radioactive isotopes?

Food condiments

Which is Newton's Third Law?

For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction

Which of the following is NOT a rotational quantity used in physics?

Force

What do free-body diagrams represent?

Force Explanation Free body diagrams are used to show force

Say you create 4 graphs of distance vs. time for 4 different cars in a race. Which of the graphs shows the car with the highest overall velocity

Graph with Red line thru middle intersection - Top of red line close to distance

In a hydrogen bomb, the fusion process is triggered by a nuclear fission reaction. What is the difference between nuclear fusion and nuclear fission?

In fusion two atoms are combined together, and in fission one atom is split apart.

As water heats up from 280 K to 310 K, the average kinetic energy of its molecules will:

Increase.

Which type of collision results in objects that stick together or become permanently deformed?

Inelastic collision

Which concept describes the resistance to the change in motion of an object?

Inertia

Which of the following is NOT true about the work-energy theorem?

It only applies to an increase in energy

For nuclear fusion to occur, very high temperatures and pressures are needed. The high pressure gets the atomic nuclei close enough to one another to fuse. What does high temperature do to allow the fusion process?

It overcomes the Coulomb force.

What kind of an electrical force does a Faraday cage produce when it is exposed to an external electrical force?

It produces an equal and opposite electrical force

The visible light spectrum sits between the _____ and _____ regions of the electromagnetic spectrum.

Infrared; ultraviolet

If angular momentum is conserved what must be true about an object's initial angular momentum and final angular momentum?

Initial angular momentum is equal to final angular momentum.

Why is increasing the time interval a safer way to land from a fall?

It decreases the amount of force

What does a concave lens do?

It diverges, or spreads apart, rays of light.

he amount of force colliding objects impose on one another depends on what?

It doesn't depend on anything. They will always impose the same amount of force on one another. Explanation As stated by Newton's Third Law, for each action there is an equal and opposite reaction, meaning that the forces that the objects impose on one another are independent of their mass, weight, or velocity

Why does room temperature water disappear over time?

It evaporates.

Which of the following is accurate of acceleration due to gravity on Earth?

It has a magnitude of 9.8 m/sec2. Explanation If you drop a ball from a cliff, you will notice that the speed increases as it falls, meaning it accelerates due to gravity. It has been determined that for free-falling objects on Earth the acceleration of gravity is 9.8 m/sec2.

If the weight of a crate is 100 N. A 100 N person sits on the crate. How much has the normal force on the crate changed with the added force of the person sitting on it?

It has increased by 100 N. Explanation Without the person sitting on the crate, the normal force is 100 N. With the 100 N person sitting on the crate, the surface has to provide double the initial normal force. It now has to provide 200 N, which is 100 N more than originally.

Why is potential energy called stored energy?

It has the potential to do work Explanation Potential energy is known as stored energy because there is the potential to do work.

If the magnification is calculated to be 0.5 in a particular situation, what does that tell you about the image?

It is half the size of the object.

Which of the following is a full definition of uniform circular motion?

It is motion in a circle at a constant speed; this happens because of a centripetal force, a force pointing towards the center of a circle.

Which one of the following is NOT true about acceleration?

It is proportional to mass.

Which of these is true about static friction?

It is stronger than kinetic/sliding friction.

1 What is the effect of brighter light in the photoelectric effect?

It makes more electrons come off the photoelectric material.

What does a larger spring constant mean?

It means it will take more force to stretch a material by a certain amount

The following graph represents the movement of a bicycle. How far and in what direction did the bicycle location change in the first three seconds? (Assume away from us is the positive direction.)

It moved 6 meters towards us.

Why is reflected light always partially or fully polarized?

Light that is polarized in the same plane as the incident and reflected ray is more likely to be refracted, and light that is polarized at 90 degrees to this plane is more likely to be reflected.

In the first right hand rule, what basic gesture are you making?

Like you're about to shake someone's hand

If you are decreasing your momentum, which scenario would provide the safest landing?

Long time interval

What is one way you might increase the stability of an object?

Lower the center of gravity

An inclined plane can be viewed in 2D as a right angle trangle. The three sides of the inclined plane triangle are a length that travels horizontal to the ground, a height perpendicular to the ground, and a slope at some angle to the ground. Using two of these three sides, what is the equation for the mechanical advantage of an inclined plane?

MA = slope / height

All of the following are correct EXCEPT:

Magnetic force is an example of a contact force.

All of the following are true about magnetic fields, EXCEPT:

Magnetics fields are generated by stationary charged particles.

Most translational quantities have a rotational equivalent. What is the translational equivalent of moment of inertia?

Mass

Which two factors affect the quantity of kinetic energy an object has?

Mass and speed

Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation is F = G(m1m2/d^2). In this formula what do m1 and m2 represent?

Mass of object 1 and mass of object 2

Which of the following describes Brewster's Law in words?

Maximum polarization will happen when the angle between the reflected ray and refracted ray is 90 degree

What do we look at to tell us how effective a simple machine is?

Mechanical Advantage

What is conserved within any system?

Momentum

Rubidium-strontium dating was used to to find the age of which of the following?

Moon rocks

Which of the following scenarios will most likely require MORE power?

More work, less time

This graph represents an object that is

Moving at a constant speed

Which of these occurs whenever there's a temperature difference between two places?

Natural convection

Jeff's car weighs 2000 lbs and is moving east at 20 km/hour. Jordan's car is twice as heavy, and is moving east at 10 km/hour. Whose car has more momentum?

Neither. Both cars have the same momentum.

What type of atomic particle differs in number among radioactive isotopes of the same element?

Neutrons

How does a chain reaction occur in a fission reactor?

Neutrons from one reaction start the next reaction and so on.

What is the unit of force?

Newton Explanation The unit used to measure force is a newton, which is a kilogram meter per meter squared, or the units of acceleration and mass pushed into one unit.

Passengers in a car without a seatbelt would fly through the windshield when it suddenly stops. This is an example of which of Newton's laws?

Newton's First Law Explanation This is an example of Newton's First law and gives us a real world example of how objects in motion will remain in motion unless an external force acts upon it.

The following formula is known as _____. F = G(m1sub)2)/r2

Newton's universal law of gravity

What happens if electromagnetic radiation is shone upon a metal that has an energy lower than its work function?

No electrons are ejected from the metal.

Which best describes an elastic collision?

No permanent damage occurs

When friction acts on two billiard balls, are the balls part of an isolated system

No, because friction is an external net force

In what direction do frictional forces act?

Opposite to the direction of motion Explanation Friction acts opposite to the direction of motion or the direction the object would move if it could.

f you hold a stack of heavy books for 10 minutes, are you doing work, and why?

No, because while you're applying a force, the books aren't moving a distance.

Do electric field lines show you the direction a positive charge will move? Why or why not?

No, they show you the force it will feel, which isn't always the same as the way it will move.

Which of the following is an example of an uncontrolled nuclear chain reaction?

Nuclear weapons

Which of the following will float in water? The density of water is 1 g/mL

Object 2: m = 3 g, and v = 4 mL

How was it possible for the bike and the semi-truck to have the same momentum?

One had less mass but a greater velocity

If a substance has a half-life of 5 years, then how much of the initial sample remains after 15 years?

One-eighth (1/8)

Which way does the magnetic field point at point P?

Out of the screen

In the second right hand rule, if your thumb is pointing up, then what do the directions of your curved fingers indicate?

The direction of the magnetic field

Which of the following describes the meaning of polarization?

The direction that a light wave vibrates (or oscillates).

We refer to stored energy as which one of the following?

Potential energy

Which of the following increases with the depth of the liquid?

Pressure

Which of the following has a mass of 1 and an atomic number of 1?

Proton

How do you add vectors geometrically?

Put them tip to tail

Which of the following terms is used to describe the process by which an unstable atomic nucleus loses energy by releasing radiation?

Radioactive decay

The point in a longitudinal wave in which the medium is most spread out is called what?

Rarefaction

What is acceleration?

Rate of change of velocity

Which of the following graphs shows a directly proportional relationship?

Red line perfectly disects center of graph

Which of the following represents the six spectral colors in order of increasing frequency?

Red, orange, yellow, green, blue, and violet

What happens when a spinning ice-skater with arms outstretched brings her arms close to her body?

She spins faster.

Which of the following is NOT an example of torque in the real-world?

Sliding furniture along the ground.

An object of height 1 meter is positioned 2 meters in front of a convex mirror. If the convex mirror has a focal length of 4 meters, what are the properties of the image produced?

Smaller, upright, virtual.

What can we use the law of refraction, or Snell's law, to calculate

The degree that light will bend when it travels from one medium through another

In the hydrostatic equation, what does d represent?

The depth of the liquid

Why are perfectly elastic collision rare?

Some heat is usually generated

Which of the following accurately explains why thin-film interference occurs?

Some of the light reflects off the outer surface, some off the boundary between materials, leading to a path difference. Peaks and troughs then interfere with each other to produce minima and maxima.

Which of the following is NOT an example of a transverse wave?

Sound wave

This graph represents an object that is

Speeding up in a negative direction

What is a scientific law?

Statements that are considered scientific truths

What is the difference between static and dynamic equilibrium?

Static is for objects at rest, while dynamic is for objects moving at a constant velocity Explanation Static is used to describe things at rest, while dynamic is used for things that are moving. However, they are both considered to be mechanical equilibrium.

A scientist would not be able to use radiocarbon dating to find the age of which of the following samples?

Stone from a 1,000-year-old settlement

Which best describes potential energy?

Stored energy

In what direction does gravity act?

Straight down Explanation The force of gravity (Fg) acts straight down.

Two blocks are being held over a frictionless pulley. One block has a mass of 2 kg and tension T1 and one has a mass of 4 kg and tension T2. How does T1 compare to T2?

T1 = T2 Explanation Although T1 is holding a block that has less mass than the block T2 is holding, we know that with Newton's Third Law that every action has an equal and opposite reaction. Therefore although the masses of the blocks are different, T1=T2.

Which of these equations is a case where you would NOT ever need to subtract two vectors?

T1+t2= ttotal

Which of the following is NOT an example of thin film interference?

The diffraction pattern seen when shining light through double-slits.

What does it mean to say that 'action always equals reaction'?

The action force can only be as large as the reaction force Explanation The forces involved in an interaction follow Newton's third law of motion, which states that for every action force there is an opposed and equal reaction force. What this means is that when one object exerts a force on another object, that second object exerts an equal magnitude and opposite-direction force back on the first. These two forces are always equal in strength and opposite in direction.

What is mass?

The amount of matter in an object Explanation Mass is the total amount of material present in an object. Mass is not the same as weight, as weight is the effect of gravity on an objec

3 What is the angle of incidence?

The angle between an oncoming ray of light and the normal vector of the surface of the material it is coming into contact with

What is the definition of the law of reflection?

The angle light hits a surface (called the incident angle) is equal to the angle that light bounces away from the surface (called the reflected angle).

In a general sense, what do we mean by conservation of angular momentum

The angular momentum in a system is being preserved.

Temperature is a measure of:

The average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance.

Why does a ball dropped from a significant height bounce when it hits the floor?

The ball experiences an equal and opposite reaction to the action force of impacting the ground.

What is Archimedes' Principle?

The buoyant force is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced

Which of the following is the best definition for energy?

The capacity to do work.

According to Newton's first law of motion, what would happen to a car traveling at a constant velocity of 55 MPH to the west in the absence of an unbalanced force?

The car would continue moving west with a velocity of 55 MPH Explanation Newton's first law states that an external force that changes the motion of an object. When an object is at rest or moving at a constant velocity, all the forces acting on it are balanced

Which of the following is true for an object in stable equilibrium?

The center of gravity will raise when tilted

Which of the following is true for an object in neutral equilibrium?

The center of gravity will remain at the same height when tilted

When a cannon fires a cannonball there is an interaction between the two objects, so there are action and reaction forces. The cannon recoils only slightly as it shoots out the cannonball, but the cannonball goes flying through the air. Why is the acceleration greater on the cannonball?

The effect is greater on that object because its mass is smaller Explanation Action and reaction forces don't cancel each other out because they act on separate objects. What's different in the interaction is the effect of the forces, not the forces themselves. Less massive objects will feel the effects more than objects that are more massive.

How does the electric field inside a charged sphere compare to the electric field outside of a charged sphere?

The electric field inside a charged sphere is zero, so it always would be less than the electric field strength outside the charged sphere.

What is an electric field?

The electric force per unit charge. Or in other words, it's the force that a positive 1 Coulomb test charge would feel.

Select the correct statement using the fact that red light has a frequency of about 430 trillion Hz and blue light has a frequency of about 630 trillion Hz.

The energy associated with a photon of blue light is greater than the energy associated with a photon of red light.

What accounts for the added heat energy when water boils?

The energy is stored in the form of potential energy; therefore, the temperature doesn't increase

Why would a system have less energy than it originally started with?

The energy was lost as heat.

Why does it take more work to stop a fast car than a slow one?

The fast car has more kinetic energy

What is the definition of electric field strength?

The force a positive 1 coulomb test charge would feel at a particular location, measured in newtons per coulomb.

What is a normal force?

The force acting perpendicular to the intersection of two surfaces

Which best describes pressure?

The force exerted over a given area

Under what circumstances does an object falling in the air continue moving at the same speed?

The force of air resistance equals the force of gravity.

What happens to an electrical force field as the particles get closer?

The force of the electrical field increases.

Each action force has an opposed and equal reaction force

The force of the fish points back while the force of the water points forward.

You apply a force of 3N to a cart at rest that also experiences a frictional force of 3N. Which of the following must be true about the cart?

The forces are balanced and so the cart stays at rest.

A person hits a golf ball at an initial velocity of 20 m/s at an angle 60° and it lands 100 meters away. What is the x acceleration of the golf ball?

The golf ball has no acceleration in the x direction. Explanation When an object is in free-fall, the only force acting on the object is the force of gravity. Since the force of gravity only acts in the y direction, there is no force acting on the golf ball in the x direction. Therefore, the golf ball does not have an acceleration in the x direction.

Which of the following statements is true of radiocarbon dating?

The half-life of carbon-14 is 5,730 years, and carbon-14 decays into nitrogen-14.

In the ideal gas equation, what does R represent?

The ideal gas constant

What does a negative image height tell you?

The image is inverted

What does a negative image height imply?

The image is inverted.

What does a magnification smaller than 1 tell you?

The image is smaller than the object.

What does a negative image distance indicate?

The image is virtua

In the thin lens equation, what does a negative image distance mean?

The image is virtual.

ow is it possible for momentum to be conserved in a system if the individual components experience a change?

The individual momenta are equal and opposite

How did the Doppler Effect show astronomers that the universe was expanding?

The light from distant stars was all red, showing that it was shifted toward the low-frequency end of the visible spectrum

Positive charge carriers are flowing through two parallel wires as shown in the diagram. What is the direction of the magnetic field generated by wire 1 at the triangle located on wire 2, and in which direction does wire 2 feel a force from the magnetic field generated from wire 1?

The magnetic field generated by the current in wire 1 points into the screen at the location of the triangle, and wire 2 feels a force to the left.

What is the meaning of a negative focal length?

The mirror is convex (or diverging).

How can a moving object be in equilibrium?

There is no change in the object's state of motion Explanation Since equilibrium is a state of 'no change,' it's not limited to objects at rest. State of motion includes objects that are traveling in a straight line path, too. And, as long as the forces are balanced, that object will keep traveling in that straight line path.

An object with an initial velocity of 5 m/s slides across a floor with friction acting in the opposite direction as the object's motion. What is true about this object?

The object will eventually slow down and come to a stop as friction is an external force acting against the object's law of inertia Explanation Newton's First Law states that an object in motion will stay in motion unless there are external forces acting upon that object. In this case the external force is friction and will cause the object to eventually slow down and come to a rest.

What will occur when a force is applied to the center of an object?

The object will spin.

Which of the following correctly defines conduction?

The passing of heat energy between two objects that are in direct, physical contact.

Why are there plateaus on a heating curve?

The plateau represents the change of a substance from one phase to another where temperature does not increase.

What is the center of mass for a system?

The point about which all the mass of the system is equally distributed.

here are three classes of levers. What are the positions on a lever we look at to determine its class?

The positions of the effort force, load force, and fulcrum

If gas is added to a container which has a fixed volume, what happens to the pressure in that container?

The pressure increases as a result of a greater number of particle

Consider a satellite orbiting the earth at 17,500 MPH. What would happen to a rock released from the satellite?

The rock would orbit the earth at a velocity of 17,500 MPH next to the satellite Explanation There are no other external forces to contend with, so the rock would orbit at the same rate next to the satellite.

Why does the speed of an ideal fluid change as it passes through a narrower area of tube?

The same amount of fluid must go through this point as everywhere else in the same time interval

Which of the following is NOT an example of a vector quantity?

The speed you are driving

Which of the following accurately defines 'diffraction'?

The spreading out of the wave around an obstacle, or the spreading out of a wave as it goes through a slit

In Latin, the suffix -ics means

The study of

Which best describes the field of physics?

The study of matter and energy

The term kinematics refers to

The study of motion

How can a moving object be in equilibrium?

There is no net force on the object Explanation When the net force of an object is zero, we say it is in equilibrium, a state of 'no change.'

19 Absolute zero is:

The temperature at which all particles stop moving.

According to the ideal gas law, what happens if the pressure of a gas decreases, but the volume stays unchanged?

The temperature decreases.

A drop of water evaporates and becomes a gas. How much does the temperature change during this process?

The temperature doesn't change at all.

Given a constant energy source, how does the temperature of the substance change during a phase change?

The temperature remains constant.

When you're whirling a ball on a string, what SPECIFIC force keeps it moving in a circle? (What force would you mark on a force diagram of the situation?)

The tension force

When the girl was hanging from the ropes, why did we have two arrows representing tension in the free-body diagram?

The tension was split between the two ropes Explanation Because the tension is split between the two ropes.

What is net force?

The vector sum of all forces acting on an object Explanation Net force is the the vector sum of all forces acting on an object.

What is meant by the equation ΣF = 0?

The vector sum of the forces is zero Explanation The sigma symbol means vector sum of, and F is the forces.

Assuming pressure and temperature are held constant, then what happens to the volume of a non-rigid container when the number of molecules in the container is doubled?

The volume doubles.

Which of the following IS an example of conduction?

The warmth you feel when you hold a hot-water bottle.

Which of the following is NOT an example of conduction?

The warmth you feel when you move your hand near to a campfire.

Imagine you are carrying a pan filled with water around a track. Which of the following is the best explanation of what happens to the water as you take a left turn holding the water in front of you?

The water will tend to remain traveling forward. However, as the pan moves to the left, the water will appear to splash out to the right.

On a diagram/graph that plots position in the x-direction against position in the y-direction, what does the length from peak to peak or trough to trough represent?

The wavelength

If maximum polarization is occurring when sunlight shines off the surface of a lake, what is the angle between the incident ray and the refracted ray?

There is no way to know from the information provided.

Consider a man walking around a house in a rectangle pattern. He walks 70 feet across the front, 30 feet along the side, 70 feet along the back, and 30 feet along the other side to bring him back to where he began. What is the displacement of the man walking around the house?

There was no displacement as the man ended where he began

Which of the following is FALSE about radioactive isotopes?

They are all naturally occurring

What three assumptions do we make about ideal fluids?

They are incompressible, have laminar flow, and are non-viscous

A book sitting on a table is moved horizontally. Describe the relationship of unbalanced forces (the applied force and friction).

They are not equal in magnitude and opposite in direction Explanation Unbalanced forced are those that are not equal in magnitude but opposite in direction.

What is the relationship between magnetic force, magnetic fields, and currents?

They are perpendicular to each other.

In the SI units, what makes the base units special?

They are the most basic units from which others are obtained.

What happens to two objects after they collide in an elastic collision?

They bounce off each other.

Which of the following is true about light waves?

They do not need a medium to travel.

Why do the cannon and cannonball cancel out each others' momenta?

They have equal and opposite momenta

If you heat up an object that contains holes and crevices, what happens to those holes?

They increase in size at the same rate as the object itself.

Three people weighing 65 kg, 70 kg, and 85 kg jump from 1 meter off the ground at the same time. If there was no air resistance, who would hit the ground first?

They would hit the ground at the same time.

Different types of energy can be categorized as either kinetic or potential.

This statement is true for all different types of energy

in which of the following situations would the center of mass and the center of gravity coincide?

Three weights of varying density resting on a level table

In which of these types of waves is the vibration of the wave at a right angle to the direction the energy is going?

Transverse waves

The lowest point that a wave can reach is known as which one of the following?

Trough

What is a collision?

Two objects coming in contact with each other

To do twice as much work in the same amount of time, how much power is required?

Two times as much

Which of the following is the correct equation we get when we rearrange a = b * c so that c is by itself on the right side of the equals sign?

a / b = c Explanation In order to get rid of the 'b' on the right side we need to divide it by 'b'. Any operation we perform on one side of the equals sign must also per performed to the other. So we must also divide the left side of the equals sign by 'b.' Therefore we get a rearranged equation of a / b = c

Which is one of the four countries in the world that does not use the metric system of measurement?

USA

What will cause a change in an object's state of motion?

Unbalanced force Explanation An unbalanced force results in a change in an object's state of motion.

What causes a change in an object's state of motion?

Unbalanced forces Explanation Remember that forces are unbalanced when there is a net force greater than zero. Any net force greater than zero causes a change in an object's state of motion.

Which is one of the four countries in the world that does not use the metric system of measurement?

United States

How do you best describe the nucleus of a radioactive isotope?

Unstable

If the following image is the vector F1, what would negative F1 look like?

Up arrow - -f1

In uranium-lead dating, we see that two unstable uranium isotopes decay into stable lead isotopes. Which of the following statements is true about this decay?

Uranium-238 decays to lead-206; uranium-235 decays to lead-207.

Which of the following is NOT an example of polarization by reflection (either an example of polarized reflected light, or a practical use of it)?

Using sunglasses to dim the light from the Sun.

What is the difference between a scalar and a vector?

Vectors have a direction and scalars do not.

Which of the following should you not include in a free-body diagram?

Velocity Explanation Free-body diagrams are for forces only, which are represented by arrows.

Suppose we have a CONCAVE lens. A person stands 3 meters away from the lens, the focal length of the lens is 1 meter, and the person's height is 1.2 meters. What are the properties of the image?

Virtual, smaller, upright. Explanation do = 3, f = -1 (concave lens), ho = 1.2 1/do + 1/di = 1/f 1/3 + 1/di = 1/-1 1/di = -4/3 di = - 3/4 = - 0.75 This is a negative number so the image is virtual. M = -di/do M = -(-0.75) /3 M = 0.25 This number is less than one so the image is smaller. M = hi/ho 0.25 = hi/1.2 0.3 = hi This number is positive so the image is upright.

Which of the following describes the images formed by a plane mirror?

Virtual, upright images that are the same size as the object.

All of these can happen when light reflects at a curved surface EXCEPT:

We can see around corners.

What is another way to say 'the force due to gravity'?

Weight Explanation Without gravity, we would be weightless. So with gravity, there is weight.

When might you need to subtract vectors?

When a physics equation has two vector quantities with a minus sign in between.

If you were to balance a person that weighed less than you on a teeter-totter, would you go a farther or closer distance to the teeter-totter's pivot point than the distance of the other person from the pivot point?

You would go a shorter distance from the pivot point

Using what you learned from Newton's theory of universal gravitation, would you weigh more or less on Mercury, compared to your weight on Earth?

You would weigh less on Mercury Explanation When looking at Newton's law of universal gravitation equation, we see that the force of gravity exerted on one body to the other is proportional to the product mass of the two objects and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the two objects. Mercury has a much smaller mass then Earth, but also roughly around 0.4 the radius of Earth. If you use Newton's universal gravitation equation, you would find that you would weigh 0.38 times your Earth weight on Mercury.

Using Newton's theory of universal gravitation, would you weigh more or less on Saturn, compared to your weight on Earth?

You would weigh more on Saturn Explanation When looking at Newton's universal gravitation equation, we see that the force of gravity exerted on one body to the other is proportional to the product mass of the two objects and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the two objects. Saturn has a much larger mass then Earth, but also has a larger radius than Earth. Although similar, if you use Newton's universal gravitation equation, you would find that you you would weigh 1.06 times your Earth weight on Saturn.

If you are falling, which scenario will cause the greatest change in momentum when you land?

Your change in momentum is the same no matter what

What do we call an SI unit that is created by combining base units using algebra?

a derived unit

Natural convection occurs when there is _____.

a difference in temperature

A simple machine can alter the magnitude and/or direction of a force. What is an example of a simple machine that alters the direction but not the magnitude of a force?

a fixed pulley

Work is _____.

a form of energy

Water takes longer to boil than alcohol because water has ...

a higher specific heat capacity.

Nuclear fission is the process in which _____ with the release of energy.

a large nucleus splits into two smaller nuclei

In the diagram of an electric force field, field lines pointing in represent _____.

a negatively charged particle

The index of refraction compares the speed of light in a certain medium with the speed of light in

a vacuum.

The ripples from a stone thrown into a pond are an example of ___

a wave

Order the following steps in adding vectors geometrically: a) Place the first vector with its tail at the origin. b) Draw and measure a line from the final vector's head to the origin. c) Place subsequent vectors with their tail on the first vector's head

a, c, b

Two blocks are being held over a frictionless pulley. One block has a mass of 2 kg and acceleration a1 and one has a mass of 4 kg and acceleration a2. How do the accelerations of the blocks compare to each other?

a1 = a2 Explanation Since both blocks have mass, they both feel the pull of the force of gravity. However, since they are connected by the rope in a frictionless pulley, they will have the same acceleration. The acceleration will not be g, as an object will only accelerate with the value of g or 9.8 m/s2, when it is in free-fall.

What do we get when we use the distributive law on the following: a * (b + 5)

ab + 5a

What do we get when we use the distributive law on the following: a * (b + 5)

ab + 5a Explanation The distrubutive law tells us that to multiply the polynomial 'b + 5' by 'a' both the 'b' and the 5 must be multiplied by 'a' individually. In other words: a * (b + 5) = ab + 5a

What do we get when we multiply the following two polynomials together: (a - 2)(b + 7)

ab + 7a - 2b - 14 Explanation In the first step of multiplying the two polynomials together we get: a * (b + 7) - 2 * (b + 7). There's a minus sign there because there was a minus sign inside the original (a - 2) polynomial. Then we simplify further by using the distributive law and get: ab + 7a - 2b - 14

Complete the following equation: _____ = (v f - v i)/(t f - t i)

acceleration

What is the change in velocity as a function of time?

acceleration

Newton's second law of motion can best be described as ...

acceleration is directly proportional to the net force acting on an object and inversely proportional to the mass of the object Explanation Newton's second law of motion provides an explanation for the behavior of objects when forces are applied to the objects. The law states that external forces cause objects to accelerate, and the amount of acceleration is directly proportional to the net force and inversely proportional to the mass of the object.

An unbalanced force will cause a(n) _____.

acceleration. Explanation ΣF = ma is Newton's second law of motion, and it means that an unbalanced force will cause an acceleration.

Deceleration is the term used for describing _____ that causes an object to _____.

acceleration; slow down Explanation Deceleration is the term used for describing acceleration that causes an object to slow down.

In constructive interference, the two waves' amplitudes are

added to produce a larger amplitude.

For an object's angular momentum to be conserved, what must be true about that object's angular velocity?

all of the answers can be true

Consider an object at rest. Which of the following is true concerning this object?

all of the options are true Explanation Objects at rest have zero velocity, and therefore also have no acceleration which is a change in velocity. Acceleration only occurs when there is an unbalanced force, therefore the forces acting on an object at rest are balanced.

Which units of pressure are needed if you are going to use 0.0821 as your ideal gas constant?

atmospheres

White is the result of combining the wavelengths of _____.

all the colors

uring _____ two protons and two neutrons are given off.

alpha decay

Complete the following nuclear equation: Pu-240 → _____ + U-236

alpha particle

Mass is the _____ in an object , while weight is the _____ on that object.

amount of stuff, force of gravity

Which wave parameter is related to the volume of a sound?

amplitude

Which wave parameter measures the height of the crest of a wave?

amplitude

Which two parameters can both be measured in meters?

amplitude and wavelength

Newton's third law states that for every action there is _____.

an equal and opposite reaction

vWhich of the following explanations is contrary to Newton's first law of motion?

an object in motion tends to slowly decelerate unless acted upon by an external force Explanation Newtons First Law states that an object at rest remains at rest and an object in motion remains in motion with the same velocity unless acted upon by what we call an unbalanced force

Materials that are easily positively charged:

are made of atoms that lose electrons easily

Radioactive isotopes decay until they _____.

are stable

What is responsible for keeping an object at rest or maintaining an object's constant velocity?

balanced forces Explanation Balanced forces happen when an object moves at a constant speed or is at a still.

Mark is doing an experiment where he tests different mirrors and needs to determine which type of mirror they are. When he used Mirror A, he noticed that the light converged, and that light moving in parallel lines focused to a point. From this information he determines that Mirror A is a(n) _____ mirror.

convex

Which scale is used to measure the intensity of sound?

decibel

Elastic potential energy is the energy an object has in it due to being what?

deformed

When the secondary coil has twice the number of turns as the primary coil, the voltage will be _____ and the current will be _____ of that in the primary coil.

double, half

Given this Velocity vs. Time graph, which of these Position vs. Time graphs represents the same kind of motion?

down line

Which of the following graphs represents free fall motion on a Position vs. Time graph?

down line

Which of the following graphs represents free fall motion on a Position vs. Time graph?

downslope line

Which of the following graphs represents free fall motion on a Velocity vs. Time graph?

downward line

A speaker uses a(n) _____ to function.

electromagnet

16 When studying the photoelectric effect, scientists observed that _____were emitted from metal in response to a beam of light.

electrons

What is the formula for acceleration due to gravity?

g = GM/R^2

Which of the following has the highest energy?

gamma waves

Consider a bullet shot from a gun. The acceleration of the bullet is _____.

greater than the acceleration of the gun

Magnetic domains are:

groups of magnetic atoms aligned with each other

The amount of time it takes for half of a sample to decay is known as _____.

half-life

What is the point of having units in the sciences?

hey distinguish our numbers as measurements instead of pure numbers.

It is harder to break apart a nucleus with _____ energy than a nucleus with _____ energy.

high binding, low binding

ithin a medium of the same state, wave speed, in general, increases with _____ temperature.

higher

The amplitude of a mechanical wave tells us _____.

how much energy a wave is carrying

According to Brewster's Law, the angle light is shined at a surface changes _____.

how polarized the reflected light will be

The direction of a reflected ray striking a curved surface depends upon

how the surface is oriented at that point.

Why do we say that force is a vector quantity?

t has magnitude and direction Explanation The magnitude is the how much, and the direction is the which way of the force.

The law of reflection states that the angle of reflection is equal to the angle of

incidence.

As the mass of an object increases, the force of gravity acting on it will _____.

increase

Mutual inductance can be used to do the following, except:

increase power.

The strength of an electromagnet can be:

increased by adding a ferromagnetic core

A ferromagnetic core:

increases the strength of an electromagnet because it contains magnetic domains that align under the influence of a magnetic field

Fill in the blank: The size of the electric field is _____ the size of the test charge you use to measure it.

independent of

The comparison of how fast light moves in a medium versus in a vacuum is known as _____.

index of refraction

The spacing of the field lines:

indicates the strength of the magnetic field

Based on the information provided on the table, which of the following objects will float?(the density of water = 1 g/mL)

ine Wood

Newton's First Law is also known as the law of _____.

inertia Explanation Newton's First Law is also known as the law of inertia.

Mosquitoes and some snakes find their food using vision in the _____ range.

infrared

An electric force field:

is the space around a charged particle where other charged particles will experience a force

A system is _____ if there are no external forces acting on the objects in the system.

isolated

An atom with extra neutrons is called a(n) _____.

isotope

A material is ferromagnetic if:

it contains magnetic domains

A coordinate system should be oriented such that _____.

it has one axis parallel to the direction of the acceleration Explanation We can tilt our coordinate system so that one of the axes is parallel to the direction of the acceleration.

Which of the following are units for force?

kg * m / sec^2 Explanation A Newton of force equals 1 kg * m/sec^2.

Two common devices that use the photoelectric effect or similar process in which electrons absorb photons:

laser printer and digital camera

What is the heat per unit mass required for a substance to change phases?

latent heat

The acceleration due to gravity is _____ because it points down.

negative

An object that is slowing down while moving in the positive direction and speeding up while moving in the negative direction has a _____.

negative acceleration

For angular momentum to be conserved what must be true about the net torque of the system?

net torque equals zero

The force that a book exerts on a table when it sits on it is called _____ force.

normal

The process of hitting an unstable nucleus with a neutron to break it into two atoms is called _____.

nuclear fission

Scientists questioned the wave theory of light when they saw that increasing the light intensity would only increase the _____ of emitted electrons.

number

The speed of an object at the _____ of its motion is _____ its initial speed.

peak; more than

If a positive charge is moving relative to a magnetic field, it will experience a force, unless it is traveling _____ to the field.

parallel

In a longitudinal wave, the vibration of the wave is _____ to the direction the energy is going.

parallel

The law of reflection is used to _____.

perform the ray tracing for a mirror

Which wave parameter measures the time it takes to complete one cycle?

period

Which of the following wave parameters are inversely related?

period and frequency

Because a full wave cycle always takes the same amount of time, we say that waves have a _____ nature.

periodic

An atom that has lost an electron is a _____.

positively charged ion

Zelda is standing at the top of a ski slope and is preparing to start moving down. This is an example of _____.

potential energy

The _______ going into a transformer is equal to the _______ going out of the transformer.

power, power

The majority of nuclear fusion occurring in our Sun has two hydrogen atoms fusing together to form a helium-4 atom. What is this process known as?

proton-proton fusion

Which of the following is an example of electromagnetic waves

radio waves

say you create 4 graphs of distance vs. time for 4 different cars in a race. Which of the graphs shows the car with the highest overall velocity?

red intersecting center top close to distance

The following equation represents the of Law of _____. θi = θr

reflection

Standing waves occur as a combination of constructive interference and

reflection.

The separation of white light through a prism happens because each frequency (color) is _ at a different angle

refracted

In Snell's Law, the ratio of the indices is related to the inverse ratio of the _ of the angles.

sine

The average kinetic energy of a substance is termed ...

temperature