Physics

Object that is pushed or pulled: imposed motion.

Violent Motion

Why is physics sometimes called the fundamental science?

-Because it examines the rules that govern the universe -Because it explains the basics of all sciences

Electromagnetism

-Electricity and magnetism

Thermodynamics

-Heat and temperature

Relativity

-High speed particles and nuclear energy

Which of the following statements about Copernicus' heliocentric model of the Solar System are accurate?

-It was not published until Copernicus was close to death. -It was the first such model was supported by scientific evidence. -It stated that the Earth revolved around the Sun.

Optics

-Light, lenses, and mirror.

Mechanics

-Motion, forces, and energy.

The Seven Branches of Physics

-Optics, relativity, mechanics, electromagnetism, quantum mechanics, waves, and thermodynamics.

Particle accelerators are devices that help scientists better understand the behavior of submicroscopic particles, and how these particles behave at high speeds. Which fields of physics does the information learned from a particles accelerator fall under?

-Relativity -Quantum mechanic

Waves

-Sound and vibrations

Quantum Mechanics

-Submicroscopic particles

In what ways was Newton similar to Aristotle?

-They both applied logic to their study of science. -They both examined what causes objects to move.

Why is it important to have a "controlled" experiment?

A controlled experiment limits what you are testing. In a controlled experiment, you are focusing on ONE factor to answer ONE question. If you do not, you may not know what the cause and effect are. They are also repeatable by others, which makes the results more valid.

What are some ways that laws and theories are the same?

Both are based on tested hypotheses, are supported by a large body of experimental evidence, and are largely accepted by a majority of scientists within a discipline.

Proved that the Earth rotates around the Sun by using data

Copernicus

created the atomic theory

Dalton

Developed the relativity theory and proved E=mc^2

Eistein

All objects fall at the same rate

Galileo

Created models of the black hole

Hawking

Based on the belief that the sun is the center of the universe

Heliocentric

Discovered electromagnetic fields

Maxwell

Every object in the universe has a proper place; those objects strive to get to this place. Up or down.

Natural Motion

Father of the atomic bomb

Oppenheimer

Lynn is a research physicist currently performing an experiment. She is examining how different colors of light bend when they pass through a lens made of a new type of clear plastic. Which of the following fields of physics does this experiment fall under?

Optics

Which of the following topics in physics is most influenced by the work of Erwin Schrödinger?

Quantum mechanics

Contributed to quantum mechanic

Schrodinger

Which of the following statements best describes the field of relativity?

The branch of physics dealing with nuclear energy and high speed particles

Which of the following most accurately defines physics?

The study of the physical world

Sometimes it is difficult to determine the difference between a theory and a law. What's the difference?

A theory answers the question, "why?". A law, also determined by repeated observation and testing, describes what happens in a given situation. A law answers the question "how?" or "what?".

There are multiple areas of science that are related to physics. How might mathematics play a part?

Advanced mathematics also goes hand-in-hand with the study of physics. After studying basic algebra and geometry advanced courses include differential equations which involves describing mathematically physical behaviors such as acceleration, speed, and varieties of forces acting on a body and advanced calculus which is the mathematics of change.

Desmond is a student interested in learning more about how energy is stored. Which scientist should Desmond research if he wants to learn more about early batteries and energy storage.

Alessandro Volta

1st to use logic and motions and its causes

Aristotle

Created the string theory

Greene

Lakshmi is a physics student, and she is building an electrical circuit for her class. She notices that when the circuit is running, it creates a magnetic field around the wires. Which scientist's work is most directly supported by Lakshmi's observation?

James Maxwell

7. The Dark Age was a period that occurred between about 500 CE and 800 CE. Which of the following statements best describes the Dark Age?

Myths and ignorance overshadowed scientific advancements during this age.

Force causes an object to accelerate

Newton

Each scientist brought significant understanding to the field of physics. Newton earned the appellation because of his famous laws of motion and gravitation. Galileo earned this name because of his studies in astronomy. Einstein earned the title due to his groundbreaking theory of relativity.

Newton, Galileo, and Einstein were all called "Fathers of Modern Physics." Why do you think this is true?

If a hypothesis is not scientific, should we disregard it or assume it unreasonable?

No! Many unscientific hypotheses exist and just because they are not scientific does not mean that they are not reasonable. They just lie outside the domain of science and cannot be proven correct or incorrect through scientific experimentation. In these cases, there are often opposing viewpoints that are important to understand. Testing these hypotheses using logic and unbiased reasoning is important.

Darius is a physics student who is learning about the behavior of submicroscopic particles. If Darius wants to learn more about how those particles would behave at extremely high speeds, which branch of physics should he begin researching?

Relativity

Which of the following scientists is most directly responsible for the development of a theoretical model for black holes?

Stephen Hawking

Two studies were released with contradictory results. The first study explains the experiment performed only vaguely and does not mention the procedures or how the data was collected. The second study thoroughly explains the experimental procedures, showing a controlled experiment that can easily be repeated. The second study also provided detailed data tables and a thorough analysis of those results. Which study is more reliable?

The second study is definitely more reliable than the first. That does not mean we can fully trust the results of the experiment—that can only be earned through repeated testing by other scientists.

How might you refine your problem after background research?

There are many ways that background research informs an experiment. One specific way would be if you find that your initial question has already been answered through multiple experiments (and scientists). You might decide to change the variable you test based on what people have reported through their experimentation. Or, perhaps you take a slightly different slant on the same experiment by changing the "how" rather than the question itself. For example, changing the weight of the paper airplane could be done many ways.

Thalia is performing a research study on how a new type of engine converts energy of heat into useful mechanical energy. Under which branch of physics would her research study best be categorized?

Thermodynamics

Created electric battery

Volta

Copernicus determined through his observations that the Earth was not the center of the solar system. This was not very popular with the leaders of that time because those leaders were driven more by their religious beliefs than anything else. They wanted to believe that Earth was the center of the universe and did not want to hear anything to the contrary.

Why do you think that Copernicus was afraid to be arrested?

Oscar is a scientist who studies optics. Which of the following topics might Oscar study?

-Mirrors -Light -Lenses

If physics informs all other science, how do you think that physics is related to chemistry and biology?

Chemistry is the study of how matter is put together and interacts with each other. Biology is a little more complex in that it is studying living things. A good understanding of the basic laws of nature are important to understanding each of these fields as well. In chemistry, it is important to know how the atomic structure and function make things happen the way they do and relativity and quantum mechanics speak to that. In biology, it is important to know how our eyes see (optics), how our body moves (mechanics), and how our systems work (chemistry). As you can see, all the sciences are interrelated—you can't have a full understanding of one without some knowledge of the other.

Which of the following experiments would best fall under the field of mechanics?

Determining how fast an object will move when different forces are applied

Paula is researching how well different materials conduct electricity. What branch of physics does her research fall under?

Electromagnetism