Physics Waves and Light Unit Test
A 5.0 cm object is 12.0 cm from a concave mirror that has a focal length of 24.0 cm. The distance between the image and the mirror is ______ cm.
-24
What is the energy of a photon with a frequency of 2.2 × 1016 Hz? Planck's constant is 6.63 × 10-34 J•s. 1.5 × 10-17 J 8.8 × 10-17 J 1.5 × 10-16 J 8.8 × 10-16 J
1.5 × 10-17 J
What is the approximate wavelength of a light whose first-order bright band forms a diffraction angle of 45.0° when it passes through a diffraction grating that has 500.0 lines per mm? 236 nm 353 nm 943 nm 1414 nm
1414 nm
Which statement describes characteristics of a convex lens? A convex lens diverges light and curves inward. A convex lens diverges light and curves outward. A convex lens converges light and curves inward. A convex lens converges light and curves outward.
A convex lens converges light and curves outward.
A ray diagram is shown. Which letter represents the location of the image produced by the lens? W X Y Z
A picture of a tree it would be X because it is in front of the concave mirror and where the two rays intersect
How is an image produced by a plane mirror different than an image produced by a convex mirror? It is smaller than the object. It is the same size as the object. It is inverted. It is upright.
It is the same size as the object.
A ray diagram is shown. Which best explains why the diagram shows refraction but not reflection? It shows an incident ray. It shows that the ray is changing direction. It shows the ray passing through the boundary. It shows that angles form between the rays and the normal.
It shows the ray passing through the boundary.
What causes the appearance of lines in an emission spectrum? Light is absorbed as an electron moves to a higher energy state. Light is released as an electron moves to a lower energy state. An electron is released as light when it moves to a lower energy state. An electron is released as light when it moves to a higher energy state.
Light is released as an electron moves to a lower energy state.
Which statement describes how rays behave when they travel through media during reflection and refraction? During refraction, rays stay in the original medium, and during reflection, rays pass into a new medium. During reflection, rays stay in the original medium, and during refraction, rays pass into a new medium. During reflection and refraction, rays stay in the original medium. During reflection and refraction, rays pass into a new medium.
During reflection, rays stay in the original medium, and during refraction, rays pass into a new medium.
What are characteristics of absorption spectra? Check all that apply. Light is absorbed, which produces characteristic lines. Light is emitted, which produces characteristic lines. Lines are dark on a visible light background. Lines are brightly colored on a black background. Lines are produced by electrons being excited. Lines are produced from electrons returning to a lower energy level.
Light is absorbed, which produces characteristic lines. Lines are dark on a visible light background. Lines are produced by electrons being excited.
Which observation supports the idea that light is made of particles? Light is produced by the interaction of magnetic and electric fields. Light spreads out after passing through an opening. Light diffracts when it hits a barrier. Light moves in a straight path.
Light moves in a straight path.
Which best explains why an MRI is useful for diagnosing cancer but ineffective in treating it? The frequency of the radio waves used is so high that the waves cannot be used to target specific cells. The wavelength of the radio waves used is so short that the waves cannot be used to target specific cells. The amount of energy carried by radio waves is enough to provide images but not enough to kill cells. The amount of energy carried by radio waves is so high that it provides images but can also damage cells.
The amount of energy carried by radio waves is enough to provide images but not enough to kill cells.
A ray diagram is shown. Which statement best describes the diagram? The diagram shows refraction, and medium 1 is denser than medium 2. The diagram shows refraction, and medium 1 is less dense than medium 2. The diagram shows reflection, and medium 1 is less dense than medium 2. The diagram shows reflection, and medium 1 is denser than medium 2.
The diagram shows refraction, and medium 1 is less dense than medium 2.
Which best explains what happens when an electron moves from an excited state to the ground state? The electron absorbs energy as it moves to a lower energy level. The electron absorbs energy as it moves to a higher energy level. The electron releases energy as it moves to a higher energy level. The electron releases energy as it moves to a lower energy level.
The electron releases energy as it moves to a lower energy level.
Radio stations use electromagnetic waves for broadcasting. The chart shows different frequencies of waves used by radio stations. Which radio station has the wave with the longest wavelength? W X Y Z
W
Which two electromagnetic waves are useful for diagnosing illnesses? X-rays and radio waves microwaves and gamma rays gamma rays and visible light radio waves and ultraviolet waves
X-rays and radio waves
On a transmitter, a(n) _____ sends modulated carrier waves into the air.
antenna
The primary job of a(n) _____ on a receiver is to capture modified radio waves.
antenna
Which best describes electromagnetic waves moving from gamma rays to radio waves along the electromagnetic spectrum? Wavelength and frequency decrease. Wavelength and frequency increase. Wavelength increases, and frequency decreases. Wavelength decreases, and frequency increases.
Wavelength increases, and frequency decreases.
Which describes the results of the double slit experiment? Check all that apply. Waves produced a diffraction pattern. Results supported the wave theory of light. Results demonstrated the relationship between electric and magnetic fields. Beams of light separated as they passed through a prism. Results supported the particle theory of light.
Waves produced a diffraction pattern. Results supported the wave theory of light.
The diagram shows changing wavelengths along the electromagnetic spectrum. Which labels belong in the areas marked Y and Z? Y: Ultraviolet Z: Radio Y: Gamma rays Z: Visible light Y: X-rays Z: Infrared Y: Radio Z: Gamma rays
Y: Radio Z: Gamma rays
What is used to generate interference patterns in order to produce a hologram? shadows spectrometers lasers prisms
lasers
Which image best illustrates diffraction?
picture of light spreading through the clouds
The surface of a _____ mirror is flat.
plane
A process that modifies light waves so they vibrate in a single plane is referred to as _______
polarization
Which type of modulation is used by remote-control toys? amplitude frequency phase pulse
pulse
Heinrich Hertz used properties of which type of wave to support the idea that light is also made of waves? infrared gamma microwave radio
radio
Heinrich Hertz used properties of which type of wave to support the idea that light is also made of waves? infrared gamma microwave radio
radio
Leo places a plant in front of the center of curvature of a concave mirror. Which characteristics will the image of the plant have? Check all that apply. real virtual inverted upright smaller larger same size
real inverted smaller
A ray diagram without the produced image is shown. Which describes the image produced by the lens? smaller than the object and upright smaller than the object and inverted real and upright real and inverted CONCAVE MIRROR W/ CAR
smaller and upright
Which technology uses low frequency (LF) radio waves? space communication FM radio broadcasting TV program broadcasting submarine communication
submarine communication
Which terms describe the purpose of antennas on devices that use radio waves? transmit and receive modify and amplify amplify and receive modify and transmit
transmit and receive
Which phenomena support only the particle theory of light? Check all that apply. reflection bending around objects traveling in a straight path interference photoelectric effect
traveling in a straight path photoelectric effect
Which phenomena support only the particle theory of light? Check all that apply.
traveling in a straight path photoelectric effect
A lab technician needs to clean medical instruments that have been exposed to bacteria. Which electromagnetic wave would be most useful for this task? infrared radio ultraviolet microwave
ultraviolet
When using the lens equation, a negative value as the solution for di indicates that the image is real. virtual. upright. inverted.
virtual
Which lists the waves in order of frequency, from highest to lowest? X-rays, gamma rays, ultraviolet radio waves, visible light, X-rays ultraviolet, microwaves, gamma rays visible light, infrared, microwaves
visible light, infrared, microwaves
Which lists the waves in order of frequency, from highest to lowest? X-rays, gamma rays, ultraviolet radio waves, visible light, X-rays ultraviolet, microwaves, gamma rays visible light, infrared, microwaves
visible light, infrared, microwaves
Which describes a relationship when calculating the energy of a photon?
The energy of the photon is directly proportional to frequency.
What type of spectrum is shown below? absorption electromagnetic emission infrared light
absorption (rainbow with black lines)
A ray diagram is shown. What does the letter X represent? angle of incidence angle of reflection normal medium
angle of incidence
A 14 cm object is 20 cm from a concave lens that has a focal length of -10 cm. The distance of the image from the lens, rounded to the nearest tenth, is _____ cm.
-6.7
A 14 cm object is 20 cm from a concave lens that has a focal length of -10 cm. The distance of the image from the lens, rounded to the nearest tenth, is cm.
-6.7
What are characteristics of absorption spectra? Check all that apply.
1, 3, & 5 Light is absorbed, which produces characteristic lines. Lines are dark on a visible light background. Lines are produced by electrons being excited.
What is the energy of a photon with a frequency of 2.2 × 1016 Hz? Planck's constant is 6.63 × 10-34 J•s. 1.5 × 10-17 J 8.8 × 10-17 J 1.5 × 10-16 J 8.8 × 10-16 J
1.5 × 10-17 J
Violet light has a frequency of 7.26 × 1014 Hz and travels at a speed of 3.00 × 108 m/s. The wavelength of violet light, rounded to the nearest nanometer, is nm.
413
A photon has 3.4 × 10-18 joules of energy. Planck's constant is 6.63 × 10-34 J•s. What is the frequency of the photon? 5.12 × 10^-15 Hz 1.95 × 10^16 Hz 5.12 × 10^15 Hz 1.95 × 10^-16 Hz
5.12 × 10^15 Hz
Green light has a wavelength of about 510 nm and travels at a speed of 3.00 × 108 m/s. The frequency of green light, rounded to the nearest tenth and written in scientific notation, is ______ × 10^14 Hz.
5.9
A light with a second-order dark band forms a diffraction angle of 20.0°. The diffraction grating has 200.0 lines per mm. The wavelength of the light, to the nearest whole number, is _____ nm.
684
Which statement describes characteristics of a concave lens? A concave lens diverges light and curves inward. A concave lens diverges light and curves outward. A concave lens converges light and curves inward. A concave lens converges light and curves outward.
A concave lens diverges light and curves inward.
Which statement describes characteristics of a concave lens? A concave lens diverges light and curves inward. A concave lens diverges light and curves outward. A concave lens converges light and curves inward. A concave lens converges light and curves outward.
A concave lens diverges light and curves inward.
Which statement describes characteristics of a convex lens? A convex lens diverges light and curves inward. A convex lens diverges light and curves outward. A convex lens converges light and curves inward. A convex lens converges light and curves outward.
A convex lens converges light and curves outward.
Which transition by an electron will release the greatest amount of energy?
A.
A student has an unknown sample. How can spectroscopy be used to identify the sample?
A. It can identify the elements in the sample
Isla made a diagram to compare X-rays and radio waves. What should Isla write in the areas marked A, B, and C? A: Has a longer wavelength B: Can travel only through matter C: Has a higher frequency A: Has a higher frequency B: Can travel only through matter C: Has a longer wavelength A: Has a higher frequency B: Travels at the same speed C: Has a longer wavelength A: Has a longer wavelength B: Travels at the same speed C: Has a higher frequency
A: Has a higher frequency B: Travels at the same speed C: Has a longer wavelength
The emission spectrum of iodine is shown below. Which is the absorption spectrum?
C
A table of the visible light spectrum is shown below. Tyrone analyzes the emission spectrum of an unknown element. He observes two discrete lines at 600 nm and 650 nm, and he sees many lines corresponding to shorter wavelengths, with the strongest line being at 475 nm. Which emission spectrum is Tyrone most likely analyzing?
C match colored lines with color values
The emission spectrum of iodine is shown below.
C match the colored lines with the dark lines
How does refraction support the particle theory of light?
C. forces push and pull... I googled it and its something with forces
Which is the correct formula for finding the frequency of an electromagnetic wave? f = c - f = f = + c f =
D
Kayla drew two ray diagrams to compare the behavior of light rays. What do the diagrams illustrate? Diagram X shows reflection, and diagram Y shows refraction from a less dense to a denser medium. Diagram X shows refraction from a less dense to a denser medium, and diagram Y shows reflection. Diagram X shows reflection, and diagram Y shows refraction from a denser to a less dense medium. Diagram X shows refraction from a denser to a less dense medium, and diagram Y shows reflection.
Diagram X shows refraction from a denser to a less dense medium, and diagram Y shows reflection.
Hilda looks at a CD and sees different colors. Which best explains why she sees different colors when light strikes a CD? Some wavelengths of light are absorbed by the CD. Different wavelengths of light bend at different angles. The smooth surface of a CD causes wavelengths of light to scatter. The rough surface of a CD causes wavelengths of light to bend at the same angle.
Different wavelengths of light bend at different angles.
What is the formula for calculating the energy of a photon? E = h - f E = E = h + f E = hf
E = hf
Rays of light strike a bumpy road and are reflected. What can be predicted about the reflected rays? They will not follow the law of reflection. Each will reflect at the exact same angle of reflection. They will all travel in the same direction. Each will reflect at an angle equal to its angle of incidence.
Each will reflect at an angle equal to its angle of incidence.
Which statement best describes the ideas of two scientists who studied properties of light? Newton and Maxwell had similar ideas about light being made of particles. Hertz extended Maxwell's idea that light is produced by the interaction of electric and magnetic fields. Young supported Newton's idea of the wave theory of light after observing light spread out in all directions. Huygens agreed with Maxwell that light has properties of both particles and waves.
Hertz extended Maxwell's idea that light is produced by the interaction of electric and magnetic fields.
What happens to light when it strikes the inside surface of a smooth, curved mirror? It bounces in random directions. It bounces back toward a single spot. It passes through the mirror and moves in random directions. It passes through the mirror and moves in a straight line.
It bounces back toward a single spot.
As the frequency of electromagnetic waves increases, what happens to the wavelength? It increases. It decreases. It fluctuates. It remains constant.
It decreases.
A ray diagram is shown. Which describes the image? It is virtual and in front of the mirror. It is virtual and behind the mirror. It is real and in front of the mirror. It is real and behind the mirror.
It is virtual and behind the mirror.
As opposed to concave lenses, which characteristic of convex lenses makes them useful in microscopes? Convex lenses can produce images larger than objects. Convex lenses can produce upright images. Convex lenses cause light rays to spread out. Convex lenses cause light rays to refract.
NOT Convex lenses cause light rays to spread out.
A ray diagram is shown. Which letter represents the location of the image produced by the lens? (concave)
NOT Y
A process that modifies light waves so they vibrate in a single plane is referred to as
Polarization
Which describes a relationship when calculating the energy of a photon? The energy of the photon is directly proportional to frequency. The energy of the photon is inversely proportional to frequency. As the energy of the photon increases, Planck's constant increases. As the energy of the photon increases, Planck's constant decreases.
The energy of the photon is directly proportional to frequency.
What do all electromagnetic waves have in common? They can travel at the speed of light. They have the same wavelengths. They travel only through matter. They have nonmoving magnetic fields.
They can travel at the speed of light.
What do all electromagnetic waves have in common? They can travel at the speed of light. They have the same wavelengths. They travel only through matter. They have nonmoving magnetic fields
They can travel at the speed of light.
A ray diagram is shown. Which letter represents the location of the image produced by the lens? W X Y Z
X
Felix made a chart listing the uses for two types of mirrors. Which headings belong in the chart? X: Plane Y: Convex X: Concave Y: Plane X: Convex Y: Concave X: Convex Y: Plane
X: Convex Y: Concave
What is the smallest packet of electromagnetic energy that can be absorbed or emitted? a proton an electron a quantum a wave
a quantum
What is the smallest packet of electromagnetic energy that can be absorbed or emitted? a proton an electron a quantum a wave
a quantum
Which is a tool used by scientists to determine the composition of objects? a hologram a spectrometer a wave front a prism
a spectrometer
The fuzzy edges of shadows are a result of ______.
diffraction
Remote controls rely on ______ waves to carry signals and transmit information over short distances.
infrared
How are amplitude modulation and frequency modulation techniques similar? Both are used by cell phones to produce images. Both transform electrical signals into sound waves. Both modify the pulse of a carrier wave. Both are used by radio stations to transmit sound.
Both are used by radio stations to transmit sound.
A ray diagram is shown. Which letter represents the location of the image produced by the lens? (convex)
NOT Y
A ray diagram without the produced image is shown. Which describes the image produced by the lens? smaller than the object and upright smaller than the object and inverted real and upright real and inverted
NOT smaller than the object and inverted
This image shows a stream of positively charged particles being directed at gold foil. The positively charged particles are called "alpha particles" and each one is like a nucleus without any electrons. What is the best explanation for why a particle is striking point X? Alpha particles are mostly empty space, so they move in random directions, and one of these alpha particles can strike point X. The gold atoms contain negative electrons, so when alpha particles strike the gold they keep moving but in various directions. If an alpha particle hits the gold foil, a gold nucleus splits and a particle from it flies out at point X. When the dense, positive alpha particle passes close to a positive nucleus of gold, the alpha particle repels and hits the screen at point X.
When the dense, positive alpha particle passes close to a positive nucleus of gold, the alpha particle repels and hits the screen at point X.
A ray diagram shows an object placed in front of a concave lens beyond 2F. Which are characteristics of the image that is produced? real and inverted virtual and inverted upright and larger than the object upright and smaller than the object
upright and smaller than the object
A ray diagram shows that an object is placed between the focal point and the vertex of a convex mirror. What are the characteristics of the image produced by the object? inverted, smaller than object, real upright, smaller than object, virtual inverted, larger than object, real upright, larger than object, virtual
upright, smaller than object, virtual
Which is the destructive interference formula for diffraction grating problems?
d sin (theta) = (n+0.5) lambda
The distance between slits on a diffraction grating is 0.60 mm, and one of the angles of diffraction is 0.30°. The light forms a second-order bright band. How large is the path difference? 1047 nm 1571 nm 3142 nm 6284 nm
3142 nm
The emission spectrum of the element lithium is shown below. What is the best estimate of the color that will be seen when a sample of lithium gas absorbs a lot of energy?
B. Mix of red and orange
A 2 cm object is 10 cm from a convex lens that has a focal length of 4.4 cm. The image is 8 cm from the lens. The height of the image, to the tenths place, is _____ cm.
-1.6
A photon has a frequency of 2.9 × 10-16 Hz. Planck's constant is 6.63 × 10-34 J•s. The energy of the photon, to the nearest tenths place, is ______ × 10-49 J.
1.9
Lens equation
1/f = 1/do + 1/di
A 12-inch object is placed 30 inches in front of a plane mirror. A ray of light from the object strikes the mirror at a 45-degree angle. How tall is the image produced by the mirror? 12 inches 30 inches 24 inches 45 inches
12 inches
An incident ray of light strikes water at an angle of 30°. The index of refraction of air is 1.0003, and the index of refraction of water is 1.33. What is the angle of refraction rounded to the nearest whole number? 22° 24° 30° 42°
22°
Which describes the relationship between the frequency, wavelength, and speed of a wave as the wave travels through different media? As speed changes, wavelength changes and frequency remains constant. As speed changes, frequency changes and wavelength remains constant. As speed changes, wavelength and frequency change. As speed changes, wavelength and frequency remain constant.
As speed changes, wavelength changes and frequency remains constant.
Which best compares convex and concave mirrors? Convex mirrors produce only real images, and concave mirrors produce real and virtual images. Convex mirrors produce only virtual images, and concave mirrors produce real and virtual images. Concave mirrors produce only real images, and convex mirrors produce real and virtual images. Concave mirrors produce only virtual images, and convex mirrors produce real and virtual images.
Convex mirrors produce only virtual images, and concave mirrors produce real and virtual images.
Which shows the correct lens equation?
D 1/f= 1/d₀ + 1/d₁
An absorption spectrum of oxygen is shown below. What is most likely the emission spectrum of oxygen?
D match black lines with colored lines
Which best explains what happens when an electron moves from an excited state to the ground state?
D. The electron releases energy as it moves to a lower energy level.
What is released when an excited electron returns to a lower energy state?
D. electromagnetic radiation
Which statement is part of Bohr's atomic model? Electrons absorb or emit light when they change energy levels. Electrons with the highest energy are found with orbits of the smallest radius. Electrons exist as waves and clouds of probability with specific orbits and shapes. Electrons orbit the nucleus in narrow ellipses, like how the planets orbit the Sun.
Electrons absorb or emit light when they change energy levels.
Which best describes the surface of a concave mirror? It is flat. It is textured. It curves outward. It curves inward.
It curves inward
What causes diffraction that results in a fuzzy glow around a full moon? Moonlight converges into a single area around the moon called a shadow region. Moonlight bends toward a single area around the moon called a shadow region. Light from the Sun reflecting off the moon bends around particles in Earth's atmosphere and then spreads out. Light from the Sun reflecting off the moon then reflects off particles in Earth's atmosphere and scatters.
Light from the Sun reflecting off the moon bends around particles in Earth's atmosphere and then spreads out.
Which observation supports the idea that light is made of particles? Light is produced by the interaction of magnetic and electric fields. Light spreads out after passing through an opening. Light diffracts when it hits a barrier. Light moves in a straight path.
Light moves in a straight path.
A 6 cm object is 8 cm from a convex lens that has a focal length of 2.7 cm. The image is 4 cm from the lens. The height of the image is ___ cm.
Not -4
A ray of light strikes a smooth surface and is reflected. The angle of incidence is 35°. What can be predicted about the angle of reflection? Rays will bounce in all directions, so the angle of reflection will be random. Rays will bounce in all directions, so the angle of reflection will be less than 35°. Rays will follow the law of reflection, so the angle of reflection will be 35°. Rays will follow the law of reflection, so the angle of reflection will be random.
Rays will follow the law of reflection, so the angle of reflection will be 35°.
A ray diagram is shown. Which statement best describes the diagram? The diagram shows refraction, and medium 1 is denser than medium 2. The diagram shows refraction, and medium 1 is less dense than medium 2. The diagram shows reflection, and medium 1 is less dense than medium 2. The diagram shows reflection, and medium 1 is denser than medium 2.
The diagram shows refraction, and medium 1 is less dense than medium 2.
Which describes a relationship when calculating the energy of a photon? The energy of the photon is directly proportional to frequency. The energy of the photon is inversely proportional to frequency. As the energy of the photon increases, Planck's constant increases. As the energy of the photon increases, Planck's constant decreases.
The energy of the photon is directly proportional to frequency.
Wilam made a chart to summarize the results of experiments with the photoelectric effect. Which best describes how to correct Wilam's error? The first result should state that frequencies of light that were lower than the frequency threshold of the metal could not eject electrons. The second result should state that as soon as light struck the metal, protons were ejected. The second result should state that just before light struck the metal, electrons were ejected. The third result should state that the kinetic energy of the ejected electrons depends only on the frequency of the photons.
The first result should state that frequencies of light that were lower than the frequency threshold of the metal could not eject electrons.
Byron draws a ray diagram to show how an image is produced by a lens. Which describes Byron's error? The image should be smaller than the object. The incident ray labeled X should continue moving in the same direction. The image should be inverted instead of upright. The incident ray labeled Y should continue moving in the same direction.
The image should be smaller than the object.
Alexis is studying how lenses work. She looks through a magnifying glass and through the peephole of a door. Which best describes a difference between the lenses used in these two devices? The lens in the magnifying glass can produce both real and virtual images, but the lens in the peephole can produce only real images. The lens in the magnifying glass can produce only real images, but the lens in the peephole can produce both real and virtual images. The lens in the magnifying glass can produce both upright and inverted images, but the lens in the peephole can produce only upright images. The lens in the magnifying glass can produce only inverted images, but the lens in the peephole can produce inverted and upright images.
The lens in the magnifying glass can produce both upright and inverted images, but the lens in the peephole can produce only upright images.
Light strikes a smooth wooden tabletop. What happens to the light after it is reflected? The light rays bounce off the table and all move in the same direction. The light rays bounce off the table and move in different directions. The light rays pass through the table and all move in the same direction. The light rays pass through the table and move in different directions.
The light rays bounce off the table and all move in the same direction.
Which best explains how the diffraction pattern observed in Young's experiment supports the wave theory of light? The pattern was caused by light moving in a straight path. The pattern was caused by light being separated into colors. The pattern was caused by the interference of waves. The pattern was caused by the reflection of waves.
The pattern was caused by the interference of waves.
Kayla drew a diagram to compare convex and concave lenses. Which labels belong in the areas marked X, Y, and Z? X: Causes light rays to bend away from the principal axis Y: Is capable of producing images that are smaller than objects Z: Causes light rays to bend toward the principal axis X: Causes light rays to bend toward the principal axis Y: Is capable of producing images that are smaller than objects Z: Causes light rays to bend away from the principal axis X: Causes light rays to bend toward the principal axis Y: Is capable of producing images that are larger than objects Z: Causes light rays to bend away from the principal axis X: Causes light rays to bend away from the principal axis Y: Is capable of producing images that are larger than objects Z: Causes light rays to bend toward the principal axis
X: Causes light rays to bend toward the principal axis Y: Is capable of producing images that are smaller than objects Z: Causes light rays to bend away from the principal axis
Huan made a chart to study for an exam about radio waves. Which headings best complete the chart? X: Phase Y: Pulse X: Pulse Y: Phase X: AM Y: FM X: FM Y: AM
X: FM Y: AM
he diagram shows a spherical wave. Which letter represents a wavelet? W X Y Z
Y the thing that looks like a half circle
The primary job of a(n) ______ is to increase the power of a modified radio wave.
amplifier
When light hits a rough surface and is reflected, it is called reflection.
diffuse
Changes in the appearance of emission and absorption spectrums are caused by the activities of protons. electrons. neutrons. neutrinos.
electrons
The law of reflection states that the angle of incidence and the angle of reflection are always
equal in measure
A ray diagram without the produced image is shown. Which describes the image produced by the lens? upright and real inverted and real smaller than the object and upright smaller than the object and inverted
inverted and real
A ray diagram shows an object placed between 2F and F of a convex lens. The image produced is smaller than the object. upright. larger than the object. virtual.
larger than the object
A ray diagram shows an object placed between 2F and F of a convex lens. The image produced is smaller than the object. upright. larger than the object. virtual.
larger than the object.
When using the magnification equation, a value greater than 1 as the solution for M indicates that the image is larger than the object. smaller than the object. real. virtual.
larger than the object.
When using the magnification equation, a value greater than 1 as the solution for M indicates that the image is larger than the object. smaller than the object. real. virtual.
larger than the object.
Which formula represents Snell's law?
n1 sin (theta 1)= n2 sin (theta 2)
Which excited electron has the lowest energy?
n=1
A ray diagram for a refracted light ray is shown. What does the dashed line represent? medium boundary normal incident ray
normal
A ray diagram for a refracted light ray is shown. What does the dashed line represent? medium boundary normal incident ray
normal
In the lens equation, the variable do represents the distance of the object from the ______.
lens
The image produced by an object is -10.0 cm from a concave mirror that has a focal length of 5.0 cm. The distance of the object from the mirror, rounded to the nearest whole centimeter, is _____ cm.
3
Light with a wavelength of about 510 nm is made to pass through a diffraction grating. The angle formed between the path of the incident light and the diffracted light is 12.0° and forms a first-order bright band. The number of lines per mm in the diffraction grating, rounded to the nearest whole number, is _____ lines per mm.
408
Which transition by an electron will release the greatest amount of energy? A B C D
A (from the farthest ring to the closest ring)
What is the main difference between the Schrödinger model and the Bohr atomic model? Schrödinger believed that electrons could only exist in orbits, but Bohr stated that electrons could be found anywhere in the atom. Bohr believed electron orbits were circular, but Schrödinger's equations represent complex shapes describing the probable locations of electrons. The Bohr model did not explain the emission and absorption spectrum, but the energy levels described by Schrödinger explained this property. Bohr believed that the electrons circle the nucleus because positive particles attract negative particles, while Schrödinger believed that an electron was a wave.
Bohr believed electron orbits were circular, but Schrödinger's equations represent complex shapes describing the probable locations of electrons.
As opposed to concave lenses, which characteristic of convex lenses makes them useful in microscopes? Convex lenses can produce images larger than objects. Convex lenses can produce upright images. Convex lenses cause light rays to spread out. Convex lenses cause light rays to refract.
Convex lenses can produce images larger than objects.
Which best describes what happens to sunlight after it passes through the keyhole of a door? It converges into one particular shadow region. It spreads out into multiple shadow regions. It bends back toward the door. It scatters back toward the door.
It spreads out into multiple shadow regions.
The ray diagram shows a candle that is placed between the focal point and the mirror. Which best describes the image that will be produced compared with the object? It will be smaller and upright. It will be smaller and inverted. It will be larger and upright. It will be larger and inverted.
It will be larger and upright.
Jasmine broke the antenna on her radio receiver. How will this most likely affect Jasmine's radio? It will not change the amplitude of the carrier waves. It will not change the frequency of the carrier waves. It will not send out modulated radio waves. It will not capture modulated radio waves.
It will not capture modulated radio waves.
Which radio wave technologies would be unaffected by satellites that are not working properly? space communication and television broadcasting television broadcasting and GPS MRI and radio telescopes radio telescopes and space communication
MRI and Radio telescopes
Frank and Lisa are analyzing the chart, which shows the speed at which light travels through different media. Frank says that light travels through diamond with the greatest frequency. Lisa says that light travels through air with the greatest frequency. Which best describes the accuracy of these statements? Frank is correct because light travels through diamond at the slowest speed, and speed and frequency have an inverse relationship. Lisa is correct because light travels through air at the fastest speed, and speed and frequency have a direct relationship. Neither person is correct because light does not change frequency when it travels through different media. Both people are correct because light has both an inverse and a direct relationship with frequency, depending on the media.
Neither person is correct because light does not change frequency when it travels through different media.
Byron draws a ray diagram to show how an image is produced by a lens. Which describes Byron's error? The image should be smaller than the object. The incident ray labeled X should continue moving in the same direction. The image should be inverted instead of upright. The incident ray labeled Y should continue moving in the same direction.
The image should be smaller than the object.
Light strikes a smooth wooden tabletop. What happens to the light after it is reflected? The light rays bounce off the table and all move in the same direction. The light rays bounce off the table and move in different directions. The light rays pass through the table and all move in the same direction. The light rays pass through the table and move in different directions.
The light rays bounce off the table and all move in the same direction.
Jessie draws a ray diagram to show how an image of a candle is produced by a concave mirror when the candle is placed in front of the center of curvature. Jessie thinks the image should be virtual and behind the mirror. Which best describes Jessie's error? The object should be placed anywhere on the principal axis. The object should be at the center of the curvature. The object should be between the center and vertex. The object should be between the focal point and vertex.
The object should be between the focal point and vertex.
The chart shows the speed at which light travels through different media. In which medium would light have the longest wavelength? water air glass diamond
air
The diagram shows a device that uses radio waves. What is the role of the part in the diagram labeled Y? modulate, amplify, and send out waves capture, amplify, and demodulate waves change the amplitude and frequency of waves change the pulse and phase of waves
capture, amplify, and demodulate waves
Which two technologies use the same range of radio wave frequencies? television broadcasting and AM radio broadcasting cell phones and space communication CB radios and submarine communication AM and FM radio broadcasting
cell phones and space communication
Which phenomena support only the wave theory of light? Check all that apply. reflection refraction diffraction interference photoelectric effect
diffraction interference
J.J. Thompson is credited with discovering the proton. electron. neutron. nucleus.
electron
The photoelectric effect occurs when ______ are emitted from metal when the metal is struck by light of certain frequencies.
electrons
The diagram shows how an image is produced by a plane mirror. Which letter shows where the image will be produced? W X Y Z
image of a beach ball it will be in the same spot so X
As the frequency of electromagnetic waves increases, what happens to the wavelength? It increases. It decreases. It fluctuates. It remains constant.
it decreases
A cell phone company relies on which kind of waves in order to provide service for its customers? ultraviolet waves infrared waves gamma rays microwaves
microwaves
The process of changing a property of a wave to transmit information is called ______.
modulation
In 2010, scientists obtained an image of an asteroid that was dangerously close to Earth. Which technology did the scientists likely use to capture the image? GPS, because it uses satellites that provide position and velocity data radio telescope, because it captures radio waves from space MRI, because it uses magnets to produce a picture submarine communication, because it uses LF radio waves
radio telescope, because it captures radio waves from space
Which is the constructive interference formula for diffraction grating problems?
d sin (theta) = (n) lambda
An incident light ray strikes water at an angle of 20 degrees. The index of refraction of air is 1.0003, and the index of refraction of water is 1.33. The angle of refraction rounded to the nearest whole number is ______°.
15
What is the energy of a photon with a frequency of 3.6 × 1015 Hz? Planck's constant is 6.63 × 10-34 J•s. 1.8 × 10-49 J 2.4 × 10-19 J 1.8 × 10-18 J 2.4 × 10-18 J
2.4 × 10-18 J
What is the approximate wavelength of a light whose second-order dark band forms a diffraction angle of 15.0° when it passes through a diffraction grating that has 250.0 lines per mm? 26 nm 32 nm 414 nm 518 nm
414 nm
The table below shows the wavelengths of visible light that correspond to different colors. A student analyzes the emission spectrum of an unknown element and observes strong lines at the following wavelengths: 656 nm, 486 nm, 434 nm. Which absorption spectrum is the student most likely viewing?
A
What is the formula for calculating the energy of a photon? E = h - f E = E = h + f E = hf
E = hf
Rays of light strike a bumpy road and are reflected. What can be predicted about the reflected rays? They will not follow the law of reflection. Each will reflect at the exact same angle of reflection. They will all travel in the same direction. Each will reflect at an angle equal to its angle of incidence.
Each will reflect at an angle equal to its angle of incidence.
Which statement best describes the ideas of two scientists who studied properties of light? Newton and Maxwell had similar ideas about light being made of particles. Hertz extended Maxwell's idea that light is produced by the interaction of electric and magnetic fields. Young supported Newton's idea of the wave theory of light after observing light spread out in all directions. Huygens agreed with Maxwell that light has properties of both particles and waves.
Hertz extended Maxwell's idea that light is produced by the interaction of electric and magnetic fields.
Suppose the microphone on an AM radio is not working properly. Which best explains how this will affect the process of amplitude modulation? The frequency of the carrier wave will be modified instead of the amplitude. Sound waves will not be transformed into electrical signals. Electrical signals will not be transformed into sound waves. The pulse of the carrier wave will be modified instead of the amplitude.
The frequency of the carrier wave will be modified instead of the amplitude. Sound waves will not be transformed into electrical signals. The pulse of the carrier wave will be modified instead of the amplitude.
Which best explains how the diffraction pattern observed in Young's experiment supports the wave theory of light? The pattern was caused by light moving in a straight path. The pattern was caused by light being separated into colors. The pattern was caused by the interference of waves. The pattern was caused by the reflection of waves.
The pattern was caused by the interference of waves.
Which theory was contradicted by experiments with the photoelectric effect? Light spreads out after it passes through a small opening. As soon as light strikes metal, electrons will be ejected. Visible light, regardless of color, will cause the ejection of electrons when striking metal. The kinetic energy of ejected electrons depends on the frequency of light that strikes the metal.
Visible light, regardless of color, will cause the ejection of electrons when striking metal.
Wave Y and wave Z are two types of electromagnetic waves traveling through a vacuum. Suppose the frequency of wave Y is about three times greater than the frequency of wave Z. Which best compares the energy transferred by the two waves? It is the same for each wave because the amount of energy transferred is constant in all types of electromagnetic waves. Wave Y transfers about one-third the amount of energy as wave Z because energy and frequency have an inverse relationship. Wave Y transfers about three times the amount of energy as wave Z because energy and frequency have a direct relationship. It is zero for each wave because when waves travel through a vacuum, they do not transfer energy.
Wave Y transfers about three times the amount of energy as wave Z because energy and frequency have a direct relationship.
Which best describes electromagnetic waves moving from gamma rays to radio waves along the electromagnetic spectrum? Wavelength and frequency decrease. Wavelength and frequency increase. Wavelength increases, and frequency decreases. Wavelength decreases, and frequency increases.
Wavelength increases, and frequency decreases.
Which describes the results of the double slit experiment? Check all that apply. Waves produced a diffraction pattern. Results supported the wave theory of light. Results demonstrated the relationship between electric and magnetic fields. Beams of light separated as they passed through a prism. Results supported the particle theory of light.
Waves produced a diffraction pattern. Results supported the wave theory of light.
Kayla drew a diagram to compare convex and concave lenses. Which labels belong in the areas marked X, Y, and Z? X: Causes light rays to bend away from the principal axis Y: Is capable of producing images that are smaller than objects Z: Causes light rays to bend toward the principal axis X: Causes light rays to bend toward the principal axis Y: Is capable of producing images that are smaller than objects Z: Causes light rays to bend away from the principal axis X: Causes light rays to bend toward the principal axis Y: Is capable of producing images that are larger than objects Z: Causes light rays to bend away from the principal axis X: Causes light rays to bend away from the principal axis Y: Is capable of producing images that are larger than objects Z: Causes light rays to bend toward the principal axis
X: Causes light rays to bend toward the principal axis Y: Is capable of producing images that are smaller than objects Z: Causes light rays to bend away from the principal axis
Serena draws a diagram to compare what happens when rays hit a boundary and are either reflected or refracted. Which labels belong in the areas marked X, Y, and Z? X: ray bounces off a boundary and maintains constant speed Y: ray changes direction Z: ray passes through a boundary and changes speed X: ray bounces off a boundary and changes speed Y: ray changes direction Z: ray passes through a boundary and maintains constant speed X: ray bounces off a boundary and changes direction Y: ray maintains constant speed Z: ray passes through a boundary and does not change direction X: ray bounces off a boundary and does not change direction Y: ray maintains constant speed Z: ray passes through a boundary and changes direction
X: ray bounces off a boundary and maintains constant speed Y: ray changes direction Z: ray passes through a boundary and changes speed
As part of the photoelectric effect, which of these is responsible for the pixels in an image on a digital camera? accumulated electrons that are absorbed by the image sensor accumulated electrons that are ejected by the image sensor accumulated photons that are ejected by the image sensor accumulated photons that are absorbed by the image sensor
accumulated electrons that are ejected by the image sensor
A ray diagram is shown. What does represent? index of refraction index of reflection angle of incidence angle of refraction
angle of refraction
Barbara places an object in front of a mirror. The mirror produces an image that is inverted, real, and smaller than the object. Which kind(s) of mirror could Barbara be using? convex, because concave and plane mirrors produce only virtual images concave, because plane and convex mirrors produce only upright virtual images concave or convex, because both types of mirrors produce images that are inverted and real convex or plane, because both types of mirrors produce an image that is smaller than the object
concave, because plane and convex mirrors produce only upright virtual images
The diagram shows monochromatic light passing through two openings. What do the areas labeled X, Y, and Z represent? constructive interference in which waves cancel each other out constructive interference in which waves strengthen each other destructive interference in which waves cancel each other out destructive interference in which waves strengthen each other
constructive interference in which waves strengthen each other
The law of reflection states that the angle of incidence and the angle of reflection are always _______.
equal in measure
Which is the correct formula for finding the frequency of an electromagnetic wave?
f=c/lambda
The bright light emission spectrums below are seen through a spectroscope. The unknown sample is a mixture of the observed gases. Which gases are found in the unknown sample? gases W and Z gases X and Y gases W and Y gases Z and Y
gases Z and Y