Physio Psych Exam 4

31. A large frontal lesion in the left hemisphere can produce _______ aphasia. a. Broca's b. conduction c. Wernicke's d. Subcortical

a. Broca's

13. A person with damage to their Posterior Temporal Lobe may report that his wife is an "imposter, a double" and claim that while she looks exactly like his wife that "she is assuredly not his wife." This person is likely experience symptoms associated with: a. Capgras Syndrome b. Sensory Neglect c. Synesthesia d. Schizophrenia

a. Capgras Syndrome

6. The research by Chiappe, et al. (2004) has indicated that: a. Negative associations are most strongly remembered b. Positive associations are most strongly remembered c. There is no difference between the memory for Positive and Negative Associations d. There is no difference between the memory for Positive and Neutral Associations

a. Negative associations are most strongly remembered

28. Which of the following is a feature of birdsong that suggests it is analogous to human speech? a. Some birds require early exposure to species-typical birdsong in order to develop their characteristic song. b. Removal of the left temporal cortex of birds eliminates characteristic song patterns. c. Brain damage results in permanent song elimination. d. Deafened female birds are more sensitive to left-brain injury.

a. Some birds require early exposure to species-typical birdsong in order to develop their characteristic song.

32. A patient who produces seemingly fluent but largely unintelligible speech and has poor comprehension of verbal material is most likely suffering from _______ aphasia. a. Wernicke's b. Broca's c. conduction d. global

a. Wernicke's

44. Dichotic listening tasks (involving the simultaneous presentation of different sounds to the two ears) in right-handed individuals have revealed _______ advantage for the processing of verbal information. a. a right-ear b. a left-ear c. neither a right-ear nor a left-ear d. a variable right-ear/left-ear

a. a right-ear

14. Studies of brain-lesioned individuals, as well as imaging studies, indicate that the learning of sensorimotor skills, perceptual skills, and cognitive skills are all affected by lesions specific to the a. basal ganglia. b. motor cortex. c. hippocampus. d. amygdala.

a. basal ganglia.

27. Phonemes are the a. basic sounds of a language. b. grammar of any language. c. words of a language. d. None of the above

a. basic sounds of a language.

1. With increased levels of adrenal steroids, the response of the immune system to pathogens such as viruses is a. inhibited. b. enhanced. c. unchanged. d. affected slightly.

a. inhibited.

12. With increased levels of adrenal steroids, the response of the immune system to pathogens such as viruses is a. inhibited. b. enhanced. c. unchanged. d. affected slightly.

a. inhibited.

18. In posttraumatic stress disorder, when a traumatic memory is reactivated, it returns to a labile state; it becomes even stronger when reconsolidated in the presence of a. stress hormones. b. beta-blockers. c. intense fear. d. too many people.

a. stress hormones.

38. Split-brain patients can easily read and verbally communicate words projected to a. the left visual field. b. the right hemisphere. c. the right visual field. d. either hemisphere.

a. the left visual field.

41. Nonverbal visual stimuli are best processed if they are presented to a. the left visual field. b. the right visual field. c. the left hemisphere. d. d. None of the above; responses are the same in either hemisphere

a. the left visual field.

45. For a stroke patient, the degree of impairment suffered depends to a large degree on the element of lesion momentum. In general, a. there is less impairment when the lesions occur more slowly. b. there is less impairment when lesions occur in rapid succession. c. there is greater impairment when the lesions occur more slowly. d. recovery of function is dependent upon the age of the individual.

a. there is less impairment when the lesions occur more slowly.

33. A patient who has difficulty speaking but has good comprehension of verbal material is most likely suffering from _______ aphasia. a. Wernicke's b. Broca's c. conduction d. Global

b. Broca's

50. Regeneration is almost nonexistent in the __________ of adult mammals; in their __________, it is at best a hit-or-miss affair. a. PNSs; CNSs b. CNSs; PNSs c. ANSs; CNSs d. PNSs; brains

b. CNSs; PNSs

21. Which of the following structures is not required for the conditioned eye-blink response in the rabbit? a. Cerebellum b. Hippocampus c. Cranial motor nuclei d. Trigeminal nucleus

b. Hippocampus

39. An enlargement of which brain region may reflect left-hemisphere language dominance? a. Parietal operculum b. Planum temporale c. Broca's area d. Angular gyrus

b. Planum temporale

5. Which of the following behaviors would not be expected in a patient with bilateral damage to the amygdala? a. Grabbing a gun out of the hand of an assailant b. Showing a startle response to a sudden loud noise c. Rating his or her own fear as low in response to a frightening film clip d. Recognizing someone's level of happiness accurately

b. Showing a startle response to a sudden loud noise

7. Studies have found that people presented with photographs of a model rate the face as more emotionally expressive if the photographs are a. mirror-reversed. b. a composite of two left halves. c. of an attractive person. d. a composite of two right halves.

b. a composite of two left halves.

3. According to Charles Darwin, facial expressions a. are a uniquely human expression of emotion. b. are used as first means of communication. c. vary from culture to culture. d. are a sexually selected trait.

b. are used as first means of communication.

26. Patient K.C. a. can acquire new episodic knowledge with careful training. b. cannot access memories of his own past. c. cannot acquire new semantic knowledge, even with careful training. d. suffered damage to the dorsolateral thalamus.

b. cannot access memories of his own past.

47. Anesthetizing the right hemisphere in a Wada test interferes with a subject's ability to recognize _______ in a picture that is a composite of the subject's face and that of the celebrity. a. the face of a celebrity b. his or her own face c. the gender of the face d. the left side of the face

b. his or her own face

48. Kapur (1997) studied the effects of brain damage on doctors and scientists. He concluded that a. they displayed a remarkable degree of recovery of lost cognitive functions. b. their cognitive reserve allowed them to compensate for their cognitive deficits by accomplishing cognitive tasks in alternative ways, even though they did not recover lost functions. c. their cognitive deficits were greater because they had more to lose. d. doctors recover more than scientists. e. scientists recover more than doctors.

b. their cognitive reserve allowed them to compensate for their cognitive deficits by accomplishing cognitive tasks in alternative ways, even though they did not recover lost functions.

42. Which of the following would not be a likely result of extensive damage to the right fusiform gyrus? a. Face blindness b. Inability to recognize the difference between a wrench and a hammer c. Impairment in recognizing the voices of co-workers d. Inability to discriminate between a basketball and a soccer ball

c. Impairment in recognizing the voices of co-workers

23. Under resting conditions, NMDA receptors are unable to respond due to the presence of _______ in their central channels. a. Ca2+ ions b. Na+ ions c. Mg2+ ions d. protein anions

c. Mg2+ ions

1. Which of the following was not an outcome of the Schacter and Singer experiment? a. Autonomic response to norepinephrine intensified the emotional experience. b. Cognitive analysis of the environment affected the way emotion was experienced. c. Subjects exposed to an angry confederate were more likely to report feeling elated. d. None of the above

c. Subjects exposed to an angry confederate were more likely to report feeling elated.

2. Emotions such as guilt, regret, and empathy are often very painful. What is their evolutionary significance? a. They encourage us to cheat and outcompete other members of our species. b. They are leftover maladaptive functions that are slowly being eliminated. c. They help to maintain cooperation in highly social species. d. They signal when we are vulnerable and open to exploitation.

c. They help to maintain cooperation in highly social species.

30. Disturbance in reading is called a. anomia. b. apraxia. c. alexia. d. agnosia.

c. alexia.

10. According to some researchers, the universal properties of facial expressions may be masked by a. cultural differences in parenting styles. b. autonomic arousal. c. cultural conditioning. d. peripheral feedback.

c. cultural conditioning.

15. Evidence indicates that working memory for spatial location is related especially to the functioning of the a. amygdala. b. caudate nucleus. c. hippocampus. d. extrastriate visual cortex.

c. hippocampus.

49. Evidence suggests that mammalian PNS neurons are capable of accurate regeneration only if they a. synapse on mammalian CNS neurons. b. receive stimulation and guidance from oligodendroglia. c. receive stimulation and guidance from Schwann cells. d. are directed by CNS neurons. e. are unmyelinated.

c. receive stimulation and guidance from Schwann cells.

35. Persons with conduction aphasia are unable to a. speak fluently. b. understand either written or oral materials. c. repeat words or sentences. d. Both a and b

c. repeat words or sentences.

29. Birdsong is similar to human speech in that a. proper expression of the FOXP2 gene appears to be crucial. b. the left hemisphere plays a greater role in vocal behavior. c. juveniles must be exposed to vocal adults to develop normal singing behavior. d. All of the above

d. All of the above

4. Which of the following brain sites is/are included in Papez's circuit of emotion? a. Mammillary bodies b. Anterior thalamus c. Cingulate cortex d. All of the above

d. All of the above

46. Which of the following rehabilitation strategies could be used to aid stroke patients in their recovery? a. Constraint-induced movement therapy b. Practicing compensatory behavior c. Mirror exercises using visible feedback d. All of the above

d. All of the above

20. The postsynaptic change(s) following Learning and Memory processes, which are at least partly responsible for increased synaptic transmission is (are): a. Increased dendritic spine size b. Increased AMPA receptor density c. Increased number of dendritic spines d. All the above

d. All the above

11. Which of the following is not a major function served by emotion? a. Memory consolidation b. Decision-making c. Moral judgment d. Analytical reasoning

d. Analytical reasoning

24. NMDA receptors are gated by a. the ligand glutamate. b. partial depolarization of the membrane. c. the ligand AMPA. d. Both a and b

d. Both a and b

34. The arcuate fasciculus links the a. auditory and visual regions. b. auditory region and Wernicke's area. c. visual region and Wernicke's area. d. Broca's area and Wernicke's area

d. Broca's area and Wernicke's area

11. The adage "cells that fire together, wire together" refers to a hypothesis proposed by a. Charles Sherrington. b. Alan Baddeley. c. Raymond Kesner. d. Donald Hebb.

d. Donald Hebb.

8. The main difference in the physiological reactions to physical versus psychological stressors is that only physical stressors a. activate the adrenal glands. b. increase blood pressure. c. increase epinephrine levels. d. None of the above

d. None of the above

19. Which of the following statements about plastic changes at the level of the synapse is false? a. A neural circuit that is used more often can lead to an increase of synapses. b. The synapse enlarges presynaptically. c. The postsynaptic membrane becomes more sensitive to transmitter. d. Synapses of less active neural pathways start competing for neurotransmitter by engulfing neighboring synapses.

d. Synapses of less active neural pathways start competing for neurotransmitter by engulfing neighboring synapses.

17. Which of the following is not a basic process in learning? a. Consolidation b. Encoding c. Retrieval d. Transduction

d. Transduction

16. Following learning, memory is at first unstable and easily disrupted. In time, the memory becomes more stable and may be retained for years or a lifetime. What is the process being described? a. mnemonics b. priming c. retrieval d. consolidation

d. consolidation

40. Deep dyslexia is characterized by a. a complete inability to read. b. an inability to read prepositions. c. an inability in bilinguals to read one of the two languages. d. errors in reading in which one word is substituted for a word of related meaning.

d. errors in reading in which one word is substituted for a word of related meaning.

43. Childhood hemispherectomy is often followed by a. the need for a respirator for the rest of the individual's life. b. extensive functional deficits that are permanent. c. extensive seizure activity. d. extensive functional recovery.

d. extensive functional recovery.

11. In LTP formation, nitric oxide may serve as a. synaptic transmitters. b. inhibitors of protein synthesis. c. synaptic modulators. d. retrograde transmitters.

d. retrograde transmitters.

37. Functional imaging of the brains of individuals while they are speaking their native language indicates that a. patterns of brain activation are invariant among languages. b. Broca's area may be in different locations in different people. c. some languages depend on the right hemisphere to a much greater extent than other languages do. d. slightly different patterns of activation may be seen among speakers of two or more languages.

d. slightly different patterns of activation may be seen among speakers of two or more languages.

36. Most neural disorganization in dyslexia (e.g., ectopias) are found in a. the parietal cortex. b. the premotor areas. c. Wernicke's area. d. the planum temporale.

d. the planum temporale.