Physiology I - week 12-14 quizzes
How do you calculate alveolar ventilation? (tidal volume - dead space) * respiration rate inspiratory reserve volume * respiration rate tidal volume * respiration rate vital capacity - tidal volume * respiration rate
(tidal volume - dead space) * respiration rate
If you exhale to residual volume, close your glottis and relax your chest muscles, what will happen to your alveolar pressure? - The alveolar pressure will become greater than atmospheric pressure because the lungs will want to elastically recoil, but there will be no outlet for the air with the glottis closed, driving alveolar pressure up. - The alveolar pressure will remain at atmospheric, because with the glottis closed there is no air flow in or out of the lungs to change the pressure. - The alveolar pressure will fall below atmospheric because at RV, the recoil of the chest wall out is stronger than the recoil of the lung in, so that the respiratory system will experience a net outward recoil which will create a negative alveolar pressure
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The reverse chloride shift occurs when... hydrogen ions leave the red blood cells. hydrogen ions enter the red blood cells. bicarbonate ions enter the red blood cells. bicarbonate ions leave the red blood cells. carbonic acid is formed.
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Between breaths your pleural pressure is about -5 cm H2O. As inspiration proceeds, the pleural pressure reaches about... -8 cm H2O -1 cm H2O 0 cm H2O +1 cm H2O +8 cm H2O
-8 cm H2O
Otto Breath, who is 165 lbs, has a breathing rate of 9 breaths/min and a tidal volume of 430 ml. What is his alveolar ventilation? 1485 ml/min 3870 L/min 4 L/min 3.87 L/min 2385 L/min 2385 ml/min 2520 ml/min
2385 ml/min
Otto Breath, who is 165 lbs, has a breathing rate of 9 breaths/min and a tidal volume of 430 ml. What is his minute ventilation? 2385 ml/min 4 L 3.87 L 3.87 L/min 1485 ml 3870 L/min
3.87 L/min
The vital capacity = 4000 ml, tidal volume = 500 ml, and expiratory capacity = 1500 ml. What is the inspiratory capacity (IC)? 1500 mL 3000 mL 1500 mL 2000 mL
3000 mL
Neuman Itis has a breathing rate of 10 breaths/min. His weight is 180 pounds. Clinical testing determined that his physiological dead space was 275 ml. His tidal volume is 600 ml. What is his alveolar ventilation? 3250 ml/min 6 ml/min 6 L/min 4200 ml/min 4.2 L/min
3250 ml/min
FEV1 2.0 L FEVT 5.5 L Calculate the patient's FEV1%. 36.4% 40% 50% 27.5 %
36.4%
Neuman Itis has a breathing rate of 10 breaths/min. His weight is 180 pounds. Clinical testing determined that his physiological dead space was 275 ml. His tidal volume is 600 ml. What is his minute ventilation? 3250 ml/min 6 ml/min 6 L/min 4200 ml/min 4.2 L/min
6 L/min
At a PO2 of 40 mm Hg and normal temperature and pH at rest, hemoglobin is ___% saturated with oxygen. 10 25 50 75 over 90
75
The large- and medium- sized airways provide roughly what percentage of total airway resistance? 10 % 40 % 60 % 85 %
85%
What is the normal range for the FEV1 %? >50% >75% >95% >65%
>75%
Who would be most likely to show increased lung compliance? An infant with insufficient surfactant production. A person with pulmonary fibrosis. A healthy 90 year old. A person with bronchitis.
A healthy 90 year old.
One reason that surfactant renders the alveoli so stable is that... - Surfactant causes surface tension in the alveoli to be constant over all lung volumes. - Surfactant lowers the compliance of the lung. - Surfactant eliminates the forces of surface tension in the alveoli. - Surfactant makes surface tension in the alveoli vary with lung volume. - Surfactant causes the pressure-volume curve to show hysteresis.
Surfactant makes surface tension in the alveoli vary with lung volume.
Forced expiratory volume total (FEVT) is also referred to as... Total lung volume Vital Capacity inhalation Inspiratory Reserve Volume
Vital Capacity
Which of the following choices are correct for the definition of dead space? MACA Volume of air that is ventilated but plays no direct role in gas exchange. Both physiological and anatomical space volumes are considered as dead space The person's weight 150 ml Only the anatomical space is considered as dead space volume, because the air in the airways do not reach to the alveoli.
Volume of air that is ventilated but plays no direct role in gas exchange. Both physiological and anatomical space volumes are considered as dead space
Respirations are important for... - aiding the movement of venous blood from the head to the heart - aiding the movement of arterial blood from the left side of the heart to the diaphragm - aiding the movement of venous blood from the abdomen to the thorax - all of the above
aiding the movement of venous blood from the abdomen to the thorax
Damage to the type II cells of the lungs would contribute to... a thickening of the respiratory membrane. an increased rate of gas exchange. alveolar rupture. alveolar collapse. decreased surface tension in the water lining the alveoli.
alveolar collapse
In the lungs, the... blood flow rate is higher and the blood pressure is lower, respectively, than the blood flow rate and the blood pressure in other tissues. blood flow rate is higher and the blood pressure is higher, respectively, than the blood flow rate and the blood pressure in other tissues. blood flow rate is lower and the blood pressure is lower, respectively, than the blood flow rate and the blood pressure in other tissues. blood flow rate is lower and the blood pressure is higher, respectively, than the blood flow rate and the blood pressure in other tissues. blood flow rate and the blood pressure are the same as in other tissues.
blood flow rate is higher and the blood pressure is lower, respectively, than the blood flow rate and the blood pressure in other tissues.
A drop in the PO2 of the blood is less of a stimulus to breathing than a rise in the PCO2 level of the blood because... - Excess CO2 would be toxic to the blood, causing irreversible damage, whereas oxygen deprivation can be remedied by the addition of oxygen - the respiratory center of the brain is more responsive to CO2 than it is to oxygen levels - none of the choices are correct - both are correct
both are correct
Ventilation is also known as... breathing. inspiration. expiration. air conduction. blowing.
breathing
A molecule that blocks the activity of carbonic anhydrase would... - interfere with oxygen binding to hemoglobin. - cause an increase in blood pH. - increase the amount of bicarbonate formed in the blood. - decrease the amount of carbon dioxide dissolved in the plasma. - All of the answers are correct.
cause an increase in blood pH.
In humans, the lungs are caused to inflate by events related to... - contraction of muscles in the lungs walls - relaxation of the chest muscle - contraction of the diaphragm and external intercostals - relaxation of ribs and abdomen - none of the above
contraction of the diaphragm and external intercostals
T/F- Kyphoscoliosis is an obstructive lung disorder.
false
Total cross-sectional area ___ with each division of the airways. increases decreases does not change
increases
What is the effect of anemia on ventilation? decrease ventilation increase ventilation no change in ventilation
no change
FEV1 2.0 L FEVT 5.5 L Does this person have obstructive lung disease or restrictive lung disease?
obstructive
What is the functional residual capacity (FRC)? volume of air inhaled and exhaled during normal respiration volume of air exhaled during a forced exhalation the expiratory reserve volume plus the residual volume volume of remaining air in the lungs after a forced exhalation
the expiratory reserve volume plus the residual volume
Air moves into the lungs because... the gas pressure in the lungs is less than outside pressure. the volume of the lungs decreases with inspiration. the thorax is muscular. contraction of the diaphragm decreases the volume of the pleural cavity. All of the answers are correct.
the gas pressure in the lungs is less than outside pressure.
Spirometry can be used to measure... Residual volume. Functional residual capacity. Vital capacity. Total lung capacity.
vital capacity
