Pivot Point Chapter 6 - Electricity for Esthiology
What to do in the event of a fire
1. Immediately pull cord from socket while wearing protective covering like rubber gloves 2. Immediately locate & use fire extinguisher
What is Voltage
Another name for Volt that measures how hard electrons are pushed by the source
What is GENERAL Shock
Electricity passes through the NERVOUS SYSTEM causing heart to stop, no breathing & muscles to convulse -Break the circuit with an insulator before touching the victim -Call 911 -Start CPR and continue until emergency team arrives
What is Milliamperemeter
The instrument used to measure the electrical current used in skin care equipment
What is Cathode
The negatively-charged electrode usually black with large N label
What is Hertz Frequency
The number of cycles, per second, a generator alternates the current from the source is known as this; 1 Hz = 1 cycle/second
What is the importance of a Fire Extinguisher
-Necessary part of skin center -Electrical Fire cannot be put out with water -Should be installed 4ft from floor in areas with potential hazards and near exits -position in areas where chemicals are kept, kitchen and where easily accessible
What is Fire Prevention
-Use & store flammable materials properly -Post & comply with local fire codes -Inspect fire safety devices such as extinguishers, etc -Dispose of/or repair electrical equipment with frayed or exposed wires
What to do if a FIRE results from an Overload
1. Do NOT try to extinguish fire with water 2. Turn off the circuit 3. Use a fire extinguisher -OR- 4. If fire extinguisher is unavailable, smother fire ASAP with a heavy towel, rug or powder like cornstarch or flour 5. Call the fire department ASAP if fire is beyond control
What are the 4 types of electrotherapy current
1. Galvanic (Direct Electrochemical Current: Low voltage & High amperage - Phoresis: Anaphoresis & Cataphoresis) 2. Faradic (Alternating Current: Interrupted to produce mechanical, non-chemical reaction - Stimulates muscle tissue) 3. Sinusoidal (Alternating Current: Mechanical effect that produces muscle contraction) 4. Tesla (Alternating Current: Adjustable voltages to produce heat - Sparking & Ozone; Direct & Indirect)
How to Free Someone Being Shocked
1. Knock the person out of circuit by using an insulator (wooden broom, plastic brush or garbage pail, etc) 2. Unplug appliance using insulator to avoid circuit 3. Rush to power bloc and turn off all circuit breakers
What is the Proper Procedure to Remove an Appliance from Water
1. Make sure hands are dry 2. Remove plug from socket 3. Retrieve appliance from water
What to do in the event of being trapped in a smoke-filled room or building
1. Open windows for air 2. Stay low to ground & exit ASAP if able 3. Check all doors for heat & signs of fire before opening
What is Iontophoresis
A Cataphoresis treatment which deeper layers of epidermis are built up or nourished. Benefits: -Penetration of specific skin care products -Tightens and firms tissues -Contracts blood vessels & decreases blood flow -Soothes sensory nerve endings and decreases sensitivity -Creates antibacterial effect on skin -Eases post-extraction irritation
Who is George Ohm
A German physicist who discovered that electrical conductors resist electrons that move through them
What is Power Box
A carefully insulated location where electric current entrees a building from a generator or power plant
What is DIRECT Current (DC)
A constant current which electrons move at an even rate & flow in ONLY ONE DIRECTION.
What is Electricity
A form of energy that travels in a circuit and produces light, heat, magnetic & chemical changes.
What is UL or Underwriter's Laboratory
A government-approved agency that shows an appliance has been certified to operate safely under the conditions specified in the instructions.
What is Conductor
A material that allows electricity to flow through it easily.
What is Insulator
A material that does NOT allow the flow of electric current.
What is Watt
A measure of electrical energy BEING USED
What is Rheostat
A meter that indicates and regulates the amount of current flowing through an equipment (and onto the receiver - Example: Galvanic)
What is ALTERNATING Current (AC)
A rapidly oscillating cycle where electrons flow first in ONE DIRECTION AND THEN THE OTHER.
What is Circuit Breaker
A reusable device that breaks the flow of current when an overload occurs -Connects directly to the circuits in power box -Breaks the flow of current when an overload occurs -Contains 2 pieces of metal that make contact & allow current to flow -Separates pieces w/ a heat-sensing device if the flow of current is too high
What is Fuse
A safety device that prevents electrical wires from overheating -Connected directly to the circuits in the power box -Melts fine metal wire to break current if overload occurs -Cannot be reused
What is Rectifier
A special instrument that changes alternating current to direct current
What is Converter
A special instrument that changes direct current to alternating current
What is Volt
A unit of electric PRESSURE
What is Ohm
A unit of electric RESISTANCE
What is Amp
A unit of electric STRENGTH
What is the difference between Frequency and Hertz Rating
An Alternating Current's number of oscillating cycle times per second VERSUS the number of cycles per second a GENERATOR alternates current
What is Desincrustation
An Anaphoresis treatment in which blockages in skin like clogged pores, blackheads and Whiteheads are broken down. Tissue is softened and expanded, increases blood flow and decreases sensitivity
What is Generator
An electricity source mostly used in salons and centers that uses mechanical energy to create the flow of electrons and produces alternating current
What is Battery
An electricity source with a positive and negative terminal where electrons flow towards the positive and produces a direct current.
What is an ALKALINE reaction
An electrode in a NEGATIVE mode creates this reaction
What is an ACIDIC reaction
An electrode in a POSITIVE mode creates this type of reaction
What is Ampere
Another name for Amp
What is Open Circuit
Broken paths when an electrical switch is turned off
What is Circuit
Closed paths required for electricity to power an appliance
What is Galvanic Current
DIRECT CURRENT: -LOW voltage, HIGH amperage -ELECTROCHEMICAL EFFECT -Oldest form of electrotherapy -Used to force water-soluble skin care products into skin -Needs a rectifier to convert & Salon's AC to DC -Causes a chemical effect by passing current through ACIDIC or ALKALINE solutions and/or by passing current through body tissues & fluids
What is Local Shock
Electricity passes through a SMALL part of the body: -Can cause burns & muscle contractions -Immerse burn in cool water ASAP -Take person to hospital if burn is severe
How to Operate a Fire Extinguisher
P.A.S.S.: PULL the pin on the handle AIM nose at base of fire from 6ft away SQUEEZE handle to begin flow of the chemical SPRAY chemical discharge back and forth over fire
What is Electrotherapy
The application of electrical energy currents during treatments to the skin
What is Electric Current
The flow of electricity along a conductor.
What is Amp Rating
The number of electrons flowing on a line (strength) is known as this type of rating
What is Frequency
The number of times the alternating current's oscillation cycle occurs per second
What is Anode
The positively-charged electrode usually red with large P label
What is Phoresis
The process of forcing water-based acid (+) or alkaline (-) solution into the skin by applying current to solution -Is most typical application of Galvanic Current -Sometimes referred to as "bleaching the skin"
What is Kilowatt Hours
The rate at which energy is used is measured in this. (KPH)
What is Ohm's Rating
The resistance to the motion of electrons in a conductor is known as this type of rating
What is Load
The technical term for any electrically powered appliance.
What is Silver and Copper
These two metal materials are known to transport electricity the best (others are aluminum, carbon & water)
What is Electrode
This device acts as negatively or positively charged particles in treatment solutions
What is Hertz Rating
This indicates the number of cycles per second a generator alternates current
What is Cataphoresis
This method allows ACIDIC solution to enter skin when assisted by Galvanic Current and POSITIVE POLE of an electrode.
What is Anaphoresis
This method allows an ALKALINE solution to enter the skin when assisted by Galvanic Current and NEGATIVE POLE of an electrode
What is Short Circuit
This occurs when a "conductor" comes in contact with wire carrying current to a load - Example: Blow dryer is dropped in water
What is Shock
This occurs when a human has contact with an electric current; can result in mold jolt, serious burn or electrocution
What is Overload Circuit
This occurs when too many appliances on one circuit are being operated at the same time; line has more current than it is designed to carry
What is Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter (GFCI)
This senses current leakage and interrupts power if there is contact with water
What is Grounding Wire
Wiring in the 3-wire system running directly to the ground that protects you when operating certain kinds of appliances -Prevents excess flow of current from going to user -Found on any appliance requiring this protection which has a 3-prong plug
