Pivot Point Chapter 6 - Electricity for Esthiology

What to do in the event of a fire

1. Immediately pull cord from socket while wearing protective covering like rubber gloves 2. Immediately locate & use fire extinguisher

What is Voltage

Another name for Volt that measures how hard electrons are pushed by the source

What is GENERAL Shock

Electricity passes through the NERVOUS SYSTEM causing heart to stop, no breathing & muscles to convulse -Break the circuit with an insulator before touching the victim -Call 911 -Start CPR and continue until emergency team arrives

What is Milliamperemeter

The instrument used to measure the electrical current used in skin care equipment

What is Cathode

The negatively-charged electrode usually black with large N label

What is Hertz Frequency

The number of cycles, per second, a generator alternates the current from the source is known as this; 1 Hz = 1 cycle/second

What is the importance of a Fire Extinguisher

-Necessary part of skin center -Electrical Fire cannot be put out with water -Should be installed 4ft from floor in areas with potential hazards and near exits -position in areas where chemicals are kept, kitchen and where easily accessible

What is Fire Prevention

-Use & store flammable materials properly -Post & comply with local fire codes -Inspect fire safety devices such as extinguishers, etc -Dispose of/or repair electrical equipment with frayed or exposed wires

What to do if a FIRE results from an Overload

1. Do NOT try to extinguish fire with water 2. Turn off the circuit 3. Use a fire extinguisher -OR- 4. If fire extinguisher is unavailable, smother fire ASAP with a heavy towel, rug or powder like cornstarch or flour 5. Call the fire department ASAP if fire is beyond control

What are the 4 types of electrotherapy current

1. Galvanic (Direct Electrochemical Current: Low voltage & High amperage - Phoresis: Anaphoresis & Cataphoresis) 2. Faradic (Alternating Current: Interrupted to produce mechanical, non-chemical reaction - Stimulates muscle tissue) 3. Sinusoidal (Alternating Current: Mechanical effect that produces muscle contraction) 4. Tesla (Alternating Current: Adjustable voltages to produce heat - Sparking & Ozone; Direct & Indirect)

How to Free Someone Being Shocked

1. Knock the person out of circuit by using an insulator (wooden broom, plastic brush or garbage pail, etc) 2. Unplug appliance using insulator to avoid circuit 3. Rush to power bloc and turn off all circuit breakers

What is the Proper Procedure to Remove an Appliance from Water

1. Make sure hands are dry 2. Remove plug from socket 3. Retrieve appliance from water

What to do in the event of being trapped in a smoke-filled room or building

1. Open windows for air 2. Stay low to ground & exit ASAP if able 3. Check all doors for heat & signs of fire before opening

What is Iontophoresis

A Cataphoresis treatment which deeper layers of epidermis are built up or nourished. Benefits: -Penetration of specific skin care products -Tightens and firms tissues -Contracts blood vessels & decreases blood flow -Soothes sensory nerve endings and decreases sensitivity -Creates antibacterial effect on skin -Eases post-extraction irritation

Who is George Ohm

A German physicist who discovered that electrical conductors resist electrons that move through them

What is Power Box

A carefully insulated location where electric current entrees a building from a generator or power plant

What is DIRECT Current (DC)

A constant current which electrons move at an even rate & flow in ONLY ONE DIRECTION.

What is Electricity

A form of energy that travels in a circuit and produces light, heat, magnetic & chemical changes.

What is UL or Underwriter's Laboratory

A government-approved agency that shows an appliance has been certified to operate safely under the conditions specified in the instructions.

What is Conductor

A material that allows electricity to flow through it easily.

What is Insulator

A material that does NOT allow the flow of electric current.

What is Watt

A measure of electrical energy BEING USED

What is Rheostat

A meter that indicates and regulates the amount of current flowing through an equipment (and onto the receiver - Example: Galvanic)

What is ALTERNATING Current (AC)

A rapidly oscillating cycle where electrons flow first in ONE DIRECTION AND THEN THE OTHER.

What is Circuit Breaker

A reusable device that breaks the flow of current when an overload occurs -Connects directly to the circuits in power box -Breaks the flow of current when an overload occurs -Contains 2 pieces of metal that make contact & allow current to flow -Separates pieces w/ a heat-sensing device if the flow of current is too high

What is Fuse

A safety device that prevents electrical wires from overheating -Connected directly to the circuits in the power box -Melts fine metal wire to break current if overload occurs -Cannot be reused

What is Rectifier

A special instrument that changes alternating current to direct current

What is Converter

A special instrument that changes direct current to alternating current

What is Volt

A unit of electric PRESSURE

What is Ohm

A unit of electric RESISTANCE

What is Amp

A unit of electric STRENGTH

What is the difference between Frequency and Hertz Rating

An Alternating Current's number of oscillating cycle times per second VERSUS the number of cycles per second a GENERATOR alternates current

What is Desincrustation

An Anaphoresis treatment in which blockages in skin like clogged pores, blackheads and Whiteheads are broken down. Tissue is softened and expanded, increases blood flow and decreases sensitivity

What is Generator

An electricity source mostly used in salons and centers that uses mechanical energy to create the flow of electrons and produces alternating current

What is Battery

An electricity source with a positive and negative terminal where electrons flow towards the positive and produces a direct current.

What is an ALKALINE reaction

An electrode in a NEGATIVE mode creates this reaction

What is an ACIDIC reaction

An electrode in a POSITIVE mode creates this type of reaction

What is Ampere

Another name for Amp

What is Open Circuit

Broken paths when an electrical switch is turned off

What is Circuit

Closed paths required for electricity to power an appliance

What is Galvanic Current

DIRECT CURRENT: -LOW voltage, HIGH amperage -ELECTROCHEMICAL EFFECT -Oldest form of electrotherapy -Used to force water-soluble skin care products into skin -Needs a rectifier to convert & Salon's AC to DC -Causes a chemical effect by passing current through ACIDIC or ALKALINE solutions and/or by passing current through body tissues & fluids

What is Local Shock

Electricity passes through a SMALL part of the body: -Can cause burns & muscle contractions -Immerse burn in cool water ASAP -Take person to hospital if burn is severe

How to Operate a Fire Extinguisher

P.A.S.S.: PULL the pin on the handle AIM nose at base of fire from 6ft away SQUEEZE handle to begin flow of the chemical SPRAY chemical discharge back and forth over fire

What is Electrotherapy

The application of electrical energy currents during treatments to the skin

What is Electric Current

The flow of electricity along a conductor.

What is Amp Rating

The number of electrons flowing on a line (strength) is known as this type of rating

What is Frequency

The number of times the alternating current's oscillation cycle occurs per second

What is Anode

The positively-charged electrode usually red with large P label

What is Phoresis

The process of forcing water-based acid (+) or alkaline (-) solution into the skin by applying current to solution -Is most typical application of Galvanic Current -Sometimes referred to as "bleaching the skin"

What is Kilowatt Hours

The rate at which energy is used is measured in this. (KPH)

What is Ohm's Rating

The resistance to the motion of electrons in a conductor is known as this type of rating

What is Load

The technical term for any electrically powered appliance.

What is Silver and Copper

These two metal materials are known to transport electricity the best (others are aluminum, carbon & water)

What is Electrode

This device acts as negatively or positively charged particles in treatment solutions

What is Hertz Rating

This indicates the number of cycles per second a generator alternates current

What is Cataphoresis

This method allows ACIDIC solution to enter skin when assisted by Galvanic Current and POSITIVE POLE of an electrode.

What is Anaphoresis

This method allows an ALKALINE solution to enter the skin when assisted by Galvanic Current and NEGATIVE POLE of an electrode

What is Short Circuit

This occurs when a "conductor" comes in contact with wire carrying current to a load - Example: Blow dryer is dropped in water

What is Shock

This occurs when a human has contact with an electric current; can result in mold jolt, serious burn or electrocution

What is Overload Circuit

This occurs when too many appliances on one circuit are being operated at the same time; line has more current than it is designed to carry

What is Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter (GFCI)

This senses current leakage and interrupts power if there is contact with water

What is Grounding Wire

Wiring in the 3-wire system running directly to the ground that protects you when operating certain kinds of appliances -Prevents excess flow of current from going to user -Found on any appliance requiring this protection which has a 3-prong plug