Plantae: Red and Green Algae

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One species is responsible for "red snow"

Chlamydomonas

Carrageenan and agar

Gelling agents that can be extracted with hot water

Antheridia

Large round structures

Chlorophytes

Largest clade of green algae 17,000 species

Volvox

Multicellular colonial

How many flagella does each chlamydomonas individual possess?

2

What is true regarding the plantae clade?

All organisms within the plantae clade are photosynthetic

Red algae

Between 6,000 and 7,000 species Most are multicellular, having a filamentous or leaf-like growth form and live in the marine environment attached to the substrate by a holdfast The largest red algae are referred to as seaweeds Chloroplasts contain several photosynthetic pigments with chlorophyll a (green) and phycoerythrin (red) predominating Some species appear green if they are growing in surface waters and red if they are growing in deeper waters

Starch

Carbohydrate storage compound

Red algae feel slick to the touch because they are coated with a thick layer of polysaccharide. The polysaccharide produced by brown algae alginic acid, while that of red algae is

Carrageenan

Also known as "skunkweed"

Chara

Chara

Charophyte

Spirogyra

Charophyte

Closest relatives of the land plants

Charophytes

Common in freshwater or brackish ecosystems

Charophytes

What clade is most closely related to the land plants?

Charophytes

Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b pigments

Charophytes and chlorophytes

Members are collectively referred to as green algae

Charophytes and chlorophytes

Store products of photosynthesis as starch

Charophytes and chlorophytes

Chlamydomonas

Chlorophyte

Ulva

Chlorophyte

Volvox

Chlorophyte

Clade with the largest number of species

Chlorophytes

Common in marine ecosystems

Chlorophytes and red algae

What synapomorphy is shared by the glaucophytes, red algae, green algae, and land plants?

Chloroplasts

Leafy alga that produces phycoerythrin

Chondrus

Charophyte

Clade that contains the green algae that are the closest relatives of the land plants

Stipe

Connects the blade to the holdfast

Synapomorphy

Derived characteristic

Oogonia

Elongate and have a distinctive crown of cells

Blades

Flat, branched, fan-like

Aquatic

Found in freshwater or marine habitats

Chlorophyll a

Green Concentrations are highest in chloroplasts exposed to bright light (conditions found nearer the ocean's surface)

Terrestrial

Growing on soil, trees, or rocks

Colonial

Living as a loose aggregation of cells

Multicellular

Many cells

Polysiphonia

Multicellular filamentous

Spirogyra

Multicellular filamentous

Chara

Multicellular leaf-like

Chondrus

Multicellular leaf-like

Ulva

Multicellular leaf-like

Charophytes

Occur primarily in freshwater or brackish ecosystems

Chlorophyte

Occur primarily in marine ecosystems

Unicellular

One cell

Phycoerythrin

Red Concentrations are highest under low light (conditions found at depths up to 850 feet below the surface)

Among the deepest of all photosynthesizers

Red algae

Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll a and phycoerythrin pigments

Red algae

Chondrus

Red algae

Polysiphonia

Red algae

Store products of photosynthesizers as floridean starch

Red algae

Holdfast

Root-like

Possesses a spiral-shaped chloroplast

Spirogyra

Unique characteristics of the red algae

The only photosynthetic eukaryotes possessing phycoerythrin Store photosynthetic products as floridean starch Produce no motile, flagellated cells at any stage in their life cycle

Green algae

There are more than 21,000 species They may be unicellular, multicellular, or colonial Most are aquatic; some are terrestrial; and a few have symbiotic relationships with fungi in the form of lichens or animals such as hydra and paramecium

Also known as "sea lettuce"

Ulva

What organisms can be referred to as "seaweeds"?

Ulva, laminaria, fucus, chondrus, and sargassum

Chlamydomonas

Unicellular

Form spherical colonies

Volvox


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