PLTW PBS Q3 TEST
What does BMI measure and how do you calculate it?
(weight/height)^2 x 703 = BMI (>30 obese) (<18.5 underweight) (18.5 to 24.9 normal)
What are some lifestyle changes that may help a person obtain healthy cholesterol levels?
-Exercise -Having a better diet
What are some medications that help to lower cholesterol?
-Lipitor -Lescol -Mevacor
Lung Sounds: Clear=
A clear woosh of air with each inhalation and exhalation.
What is metabolic syndrome?
A cluster of conditions that increases the risk of heart disease, stroke, and diabetes. Having a problem with carbs.
Lipid Panel:
A complete cholesterol test. It is a blood test that can measure the amount of cholesterol and triglycerides in your blood.
Lung Sounds: Wheezing=
A high-pitched whistling sound caused by narrowed airways; can sometimes be heard without a stethoscope.
Lung Sounds: Rhonchi=
A snore-like sound heard when airways are partially obstructed.
White blood cell function:
The white blood cell's main function is to help fight infections.
Platelets function:
Their primary function is to prevent and stop bleeding.
Normal respiratory rate? (Child & adult)
Child 15-30 bpm Adult= 12-20 bpm
Normal heart rate? (Child & adult)
Child= 70-120 bpm Adult= 60-100 bpm
Normal range for blood pressure? (Child & adult)
Child= 90-110/50-70 mm Hg Adult= < 120 / < 80 mm Hg
Normal SpO2? (Child & adult)
Child= 95-99% Adult= 95-99%
Normal temperature? (Child & adult)
Child= 97.4-99.6 °F Adult= 97.8-99 °F
What causes the heart to beat?
Electrical systems, two electrical knobs in your heart. The fact you need oxygen makes sensors detect when it is needed so your heart starts beating more.
What are some ways to have an effective conversation with a patient?
Trying to ask for more info in order to help the patient (try to get more than a yes or no), and share your own experiences since it can help them open up more.
What is the function of cholesterol in the human body?
We need it because it helps your body make cell membranes, many hormones, and vitamin D.
What are the normal values for HDL and LDL cholesterol?
HDL- Levels above 40 mg/dL (1 mmol/L) in men & above 50 mg/dL (1.3 mmol/L) in women LDL- Levels below 130 mg/dL (3.4 mmol/L)
Lung Sounds: Stridor=
Harsh, shrill sound, similar to wheezing, usually heard closest to the back of the neck, as it is caused by a partially obstructed windpipe.
HIPAA
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
Why is it important for a healthcare provider to maintain accurate patient records?
It can help reveal changes and trends in the data of the records.
How can empathy be shown during a doctor's visit?
Listening to the patient, eye contact, really listening and showing that you are to the patient.
How is respiratory rate measured?
Looking at the chest rise and fall. Measured in bpm (breaths per minute)
What factors can influence blood pressure?
Many things can. Stress, drugs, medication, coffee, exercise, and alcohol are some examples.
What are some factors that influence heart rate?
Many things can. When the blood pressure drops the heart rate increases. Energy drinks, exercise, drugs, alcohol.
What is familial hypercholesterolemia? How is it inherited? What biomedical technique can be used to analyze DNA for FH mutation?
When you lay down a lot of cholesterol. You make a lot of it. If either your mother or father has a mutation that causes FH, they have a 50% chance of passing it on to you. You can analyze it using gel electrophoresis.
How is this seen/heard with a sphygmomanometer? (systolic pressure)
You would hear a knocking sound.
What are the 4 macromolecules?
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids
examples of proteins
eggs, beans, meats, nuts
examples of lipids:
fats, oils, waxes, steroids
HDL
high density lipoprotein (healthy type of cholesterol)
LDL
low density lipoprotein (bad cholesterol)
What are the 4 components of blood?
red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, plasma
HIPAA permits
sharing info that could affect the public, identifying people, preventing violence, etc
Blood pressure measurements consist of 2 values in the form:
systolic & diastolic
Meiosis:
Meiosis is a type of cell division during which a single cell divides twice and produces four daughter cells. These four daughter cells contain half the amount of genetic material and are known as our sex cells (gametes).
Melanoma:
Melanoma is a kind of skin cancer that starts in the melanocytes.
A (Asymmetry):
One half of the mole does not match the shape of the other half.
examples of carbohydrates:
Potatoes, bread, rice, & pasta
HIPAA violation?
Providing lab results over the phone, denying to give a patient their medical records, sharing other's info, etc
examples of nucleic acids
RNA and DNA
How is the heart rate measured?
Radial and brachial, taking the pulse. Measured in bpm (beats per minute)
What are some signs of medical problems that can be seen through visual inspection?
Redness, swelling, liquid, irritation, discharge, etc.
Neurological assessments: What is a medical professional looking for when they perform these tests?
Reflex test, strength, moving body parts, and being able to sense it.
Saturated fats vs Unsaturated fats
Saturated- solid at room temperature, increases LDL, clogs arteries Unsaturated- liquid at room temperature, increases HDL, breaks down LDL
Lung Sounds: Crackles (rales)=
Short and intermittent clicking, rattling, or popping sounds heard during inhalation when air is forced through an airway narrowed by fluid.
Heart and Lung sounds: What is a medical professional looking for when they listen to each?
Should sound like the wind going in and out. You might hear gurgling, strider, or crackling.
How do systolic and diastolic blood pressure values relate to the movement of the blood in the arteries?
Systolic- top number- left ventricle Diastolic- bottom number- blood refilling the right atrium
D (Diameter):
The diameter of the mole is larger than a pencil eraser.
B (Border):
The edges of the mole are irregular or jagged.
What is happening in the body when the systolic pressure is measured?
The left ventricle is pumping.
Plasma function:
The main role of plasma is to take nutrients, hormones, and proteins to the parts of the body that need it.
E (Evolution):
The mole appears to be changing (shape, color, size) over time.
C (Color):
The mole is not one uniform color, but shows different colors or shades throughout.
How is this seen/heard with a sphygmomanometer? (diastolic pressure)
The needle is seen. It moves and when it stops that means the right atrium is being filled.
Mitosis:
The process by which a single parent cell divides to make two new daughter cells. Each daughter cell receives a complete set of chromosomes from the parent cell. This process allows the body to grow and replace cells.
Red blood cell function:
The red blood cell's main function is to carry oxygen from the lungs and deliver it throughout our body.
Define blood pressure
Blood pressure is the amount of force your blood uses to get through your arteries.
How is diabetes diagnosed?
Blood sugar test. This measures your blood sugar at the time you're tested. A blood sugar level of 200 mg/dL or higher indicates you have diabetes.
What happens in the body when the diastolic pressure is measured?
Blood refills into the right atrium.
When does blood pressure start to get concerning for a child?
Any measurement above 106/68 mm HG should be further investigated.
ABCDE method:
Asymmetry, Border, Color, Diameter, Evolution