PMI: Sections 1-6 (True/False)

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Ad-hoc interpreters is a term often used to describe a professional certified and trained interpreter.

Ad-hoc interpreters is a term often used to describe bilingual or multilingual individuals such as family members, friends, or dual-role employees who have not been trained or tested for their interpreting competencies. The correct answer is 'False'.

Business interpreters may be on calls between engineers discussing car specifications, a supplier and manufacturer, a wholesaler and a retailer, or different departments of a multi-national company.

Business interpreting is a wide field that includes many sub-specialties. The correct answer is 'True'.

Community interpreting occurs at large, prestigious bodies such as the United Nations and at minor-level diplomatic encounters.

Community interpreting is a catch-all term that includes different areas such as social service, healthcare, law enforcement, and educational interpreting. The correct answer is 'False'.

Ethics do not help interpreters make decisions when faced with a difficult ethical situation so they should not worry about ethics.

False: Ethics exist to help interpreters make decisions when faced with a difficult ethical situation. The correct answer is 'False'.

In the clarifier role, you will try to help an LEP patient preserve her health, safety, or dignity.

False: In the patient advocate role, you will try to help an LEP patient preserve her health, safety, or dignity The correct answer is 'False'.

Interpreters can remember that roles are the methods of interpretation, while modes are mostly the functions interpreters perform, or roles played in order to do their work.

False: Interpreters can remember that modes are the methods of interpretation, while roles are mostly the functions interpreters perform, or roles played in order to do their work. The correct answer is 'False'.

Interpreters have many roles including in-person, OPI and VRI.

False: Interpreters have many roles including: Conduit, Clarifier, Intercultural Mediator or Cultural Broker, and Patient Advocate The correct answer is 'False'.

Medical interpreters must summarize most of the time.

False: Interpreters only use this mode when it is not possible to interpret all the information The correct answer is 'False'.

Interpreters must ensure that they sight translate documents that are more than 20 pages in length.

False: Interpreters should be careful to ensure that they only sight translate documents that are short in length. The correct answer is 'False'.

Interpreters must sight translate any document.

False: Interpreters should feel comfortable declining to sight translate a document. The correct answer is 'False'.

Interpreters should not maintain impartiality and can give his personal advice to the patients to help them decide.

False: Interpreters strive to maintain impartiality and refrain from counseling, advising, or projecting personal biases or beliefs. The correct answer is 'False'.

Interpreters strive to summarize all the messages accurately, conveying the content and spirit of the original message, taking into consideration the cultural context.

False: Interpreters strive to render the message accurately, conveying the content and spirit of the original message, taking into consideration the cultural context. The correct answer is 'False'.

The role of patient advocate is used to manage the flow of communication between two or more parties.

False: The role of clarifier is used to manage the flow of communication between two or more parties. The correct answer is 'False'.

The role of cultural broker is used when there are any barriers that need to be removed and cleared for accurate interpretation.

False: The role of clarifier is used when there are any barriers that need to be removed and cleared for accurate interpretation. The correct answer is 'False'.

The role of conduit is the same as that of clarifier, except that in this case it involves identifying and seeking interventions to remove intercultural barriers.

False: The role of cultural broker is the same as that of clarifier, except that in this case it involves identifying and seeking interventions to remove intercultural barriers. The correct answer is 'False'.

Liaison interpreters work at public schools where they interpret between the teachers and the students' parents.

Liaison interpreters need to be able and willing to move from location to location through tours, visits, and travel. The correct answer is 'False'.

All interpreters are qualified as translators.

Many interpreters are not trained or qualified as translators, and many translators are not trained or qualified as interpreters. Interpreters and translators have a different set of skills. The correct answer is 'False'.

Interpreters and translators have a different set of skills.

All bilingual persons are interpreters.

Not all bilingual persons are interpreters because interpreters must be fluent in English and their target languages. The interpreters must be 18 years of age and must at least have a high school diploma. Interpreters must be familiar with the culture of the patient and the culture of the USA healthcare system. The correct answer is 'False'.

The interpreter strives to understand the cultures associated with the languages he or she interprets, including biomedical culture. For example, an interpreter learns about the traditional remedies some patients may use.

The correct answer is 'True'.

The interpreter uses professional, culturally appropriate ways of showing respect.

The correct answer is 'True'.

The interpreter's main goal is to enable understanding in communication between people who speak different languages.

The correct answer is 'True'.

The interpreter's responsibility is to interpret everything is accurately and completely.

The correct answer is 'True'.

The modes of interpreting describe the methods of performance an interpreter utilizes to deliver an interpretation into a target language.

The correct answer is 'True'.

There are many fields of interpreting.

The correct answer is 'True'.

Transparency means that each party always knows what everyone else has said.

The correct answer is 'True'.

Unless there is no equivalent in the patient's language, an interpreter does not substitute simpler explanations for medical terms a provider uses, but may ask the speaker to re-express themselves in language more easily understood by the other party.

The correct answer is 'True'.

While the interpreter is performing the conduit role, the interpreter adds nothing, omits nothing, and changes nothing.

The correct answer is 'True'.

It is not appropriate for the interpreter to intervene during an interpreting session when the interpreter needs a repetition of what was said.

False : the interpreter may need to intervene during an interpreting session for many reasons, for example: - when the interpreter needs a repetition of what was said. The correct answer is 'False'.

The interpreter should not remove barriers to communication because it is not his/her responsibility.

False, The interpreter should remove barriers to communication because it is his/her responsibility The correct answer is 'False'.

Interpreters should never be so rude as to intervene during an interpretation.

False, interpreters should intervene during an interpretation to remove any barrier to the communication. The correct answer is 'False'.

An interpreter can discuss a patient's case with family or community members without the patient's consent.

False. Everything must be kept confidential. The correct answer is 'False'.

It is okay to summarize what the provider says.

False. You have to interpret everything accurately and completely. The correct answer is 'False'.

As a cultural broker, the main responsibility of the interpreter is to interpret meaning for meaning.

False: As conduit, the interpreter always interprets meaning for meaning The correct answer is 'False'.

Clarification is not required when the provider or the patient uses complicated or unfamiliar language that the interpreter does not understand.

False: Clarification is required when the provider or the patient uses complicated or unfamiliar language that the interpreter does not understand. The correct answer is 'False'.

Codes of ethics address every possible ethical problem an interpreter could ever have.

False: Codes of ethics address some possible ethical problems an interpreter could ever have. The correct answer is 'False'.

Communication barriers are problems that help the parties understand one another.

False: Communication barriers are usually problems that prevent the parties from understanding one another or that are interrupting the flow of communication The correct answer is 'False'.

The interpreter's goal is to ensure only the patient's understanding.

False: Ensure understanding between patient and provider, Interpret accurately and completely, and Remove barriers to communication when necessary. The correct answer is 'False'.

Interpreters can discuss with their colleagues all information learned in the performance of their professional duties, while observing relevant requirements regarding disclosure.

False: Interpreters treat as confidential, within the treating team, all information learned in the performance of their professional duties, while observing relevant requirements regarding disclosure. The correct answer is 'False'.

Interpreters must use the same mode of interpreting under all the circumstances.

False: Interpreters use different modes of interpreting under different circumstances. The correct answer is 'False'.

Interpreters are not allowed to engage in patient advocacy and in the intercultural mediation role of explaining cultural differences/practices to health care providers and patients.

False: Interpreters will engage in patient advocacy and in the intercultural mediation role of explaining cultural differences/practices to health care providers and patients only when appropriate and necessary for communication purposes, using professional judgment. The correct answer is 'False'.

Interpreters can engage in interpretations that relate to issues outside the provision of health care services whenever it is needed.

False: Interpreters will not engage in interpretations that relate to issues outside the provision of health care services unless qualified to do so. The correct answer is 'False'.

Interpreters will interject personal opinions or counsel patients if the patients insist and need the help of the interpreters.

False: Interpreters will not interject personal opinions or counsel patients. The correct answer is 'False'.

Interpreters can accept an assignment when the patient is a family member or a close friend.

False: Interpreters will refrain from accepting an assignment when family or close personal relationships affect impartiality. The correct answer is 'False'.

Interpreters are allowed to use their position to gain favors from clients.

False: Interpreters will refrain from using their position to gain favors from clients. The correct answer is 'False'.

One of the more common situations where interpreters switch to consecutive mode is when a patient is describing a traumatic event he or she experienced.

False: One of the more common situations where interpreters switch to simultaneous mode is when a patient is describing a traumatic event he or she experienced. The correct answer is 'False'.

Professional ethics are morals and standards agreed upon by the profession.

False: Professional ethics are not morals; they are standards agreed upon by the profession. The correct answer is 'False'.

Consecutive is when an interpreter reads a text written in one language (the source language) by interpreting it into the other language, and verbalizing or signing the messages into another language (the target language).

False: Sight translation is when an interpreter reads a text written in one language (the source language) by interpreting it into the other language, and verbalizing or signing the messages into another language (the target language). The correct answer is 'False'.

The interpreters must be like robots, or non-thinking technicians, merely repeat the same words or terms in another language.

False: Since interpreters do not interpret words, but concepts and meaning between two cultures and languages, it may be more accurate to state that the interpreter's primary function is to mediate language and culture for mutual understanding. The correct answer is 'False'.

Some providers and agencies do not permit interpreters to use the conduit role.

False: Some providers and agencies do not permit interpreters to use the patient advocate role. The correct answer is 'False'.

Sight translation should always be a last resort for interpreters using consecutive and simultaneous modes.

False: Summarization should always be a last resort for interpreters using consecutive and simultaneous modes. The correct answer is 'False'.

The patient advocate role is considered the standard interpreting role.

False: The conduit role is considered the standard interpreting role. The correct answer is 'False'.

The clarifier role is the only role that is not meant for problem solving.

False: The conduit role is the only role that is not meant for problem solving. The correct answer is 'False'.

The clarifier role is used to solve cultural barriers.

False: The cultural broker role is used to solve cultural barriers. But the role of clarifier is used to manage the flow of communication between two or more parties. The correct answer is 'False'.

The interpreter should not take any action or interjection during intervention.

False: The interpreter may have to take some action or interject with a comment or a question or request for clarification during the intervention. The correct answer is 'False'.

The interpreter should not do anything at all even if the interpreter believes, due to non-verbal cues, that patient or provider does not understand what is being said.

False: The interpreter should intervene when the interpreter believes, due to non-verbal cues, that patient or provider does not understand what is being said. The correct answer is 'False'.

The most appropriate role for the interpreter is always the most invasive role that will ensure ineffective communication

False: The most appropriate role for the interpreter is always the least invasive role that will ensure effective communication The correct answer is 'False'.

The clarifier role is the only non-neutral role.

False: The patient advocate role is the only non-neutral role because you try to help the patient so you are not impartial because you take the side of the patient not the provider. The correct answer is 'False'.

The conduit role is the least used role.

False: The patient advocate role is this is the least used role. The correct answer is 'False'.

The role of conduit is used when there is a problem with the message or length of sentences used.

False: The role of clarifier is used there is a problem with the message or length of sentences used. The correct answer is 'False'.

The role of conduit is used when a cultural barrier causes miscommunication between the patient and the provider.

False: The role of cultural broker roles is used when a cultural barrier causes miscommunication between the patient and the provider. The role of cultural broker is the same as that of clarifier, except that in this case it involves identifying and seeking interventions to remove intercultural barriers. The correct answer is 'False'.

When the patient answers the doctor's question very angrily the interpreter must interpret the patient's response in a normal manner because it is very obvious for the doctor that the patient is very angry.

False: When the patient answers the doctor's question very angrily the interpreter must interpret the patient's response in a moderately angry tone of voice. The correct answer is 'False'.

Interpreters cannot advocate when the patient's health, well-being or dignity is at risk.

False: When the patient's health, well-being or dignity is at risk, an interpreter may be justified in acting as an advocate. The correct answer is 'False'.

If you have a medical degree, you may provide medical advice to the patient.

False: You have to impartial and be accurately interpret everything is said, add nothing, omit nothing, polish nothing. The correct answer is 'False'.

Arriving one minute late is always permitted for professional interpreters.

False: professional interpreters must be on time (15 minutes before the assignments). Remember if you are on time you are late but if you are 15 minutes earlier you are on time. The correct answer is 'False'.

Interpreters can follow a casual dress code while they are interpreting.

False: the Interpreters must follow the business or the business casual dressing code while they are interpreting. The correct answer is 'False'.

The conduit role is used to solve cultural barriers.

False: the cultural broker role is used to solve cultural barriers. The correct answer is 'False'.

Interpreters are NOT patient representatives.

Interpreters are NOT patient representatives. Interpreters need to be careful to be as professional as possible to all parties to avoid the perception of favoritism (more will be covered in the ethics section). The correct answer is 'True'.

There are many places where interpreters can be employed.

Interpreters can be employed at Law firms, Schools, Businesses, Government, or Hospitals. The correct answer is 'True'.

Interpreters should befriend the patient.

Interpreters cannot befriend with the patient. Interpreters need to be careful to be as professional as possible to all parties to avoid the perception of favoritism (more will be covered in the ethics section). The correct answer is 'False'.

Interpreters must summarize everything that is said by the patient and the provider.

Interpreters cannot summarize what is said. Summarization is very limited to some situations that we will discuss later on. The correct answer is 'False'.

Interpreters should not maintain a professional distance with the patients and must give them advice if needed.

Interpreters should always maintain a professional distance and be neutral to both sides. This can be challenging, but it is the only way that patients and providers can trust the interpreters to interpret faithfully their messages to each other. The correct answer is 'False'.

Interpreting must only be in-person.

Interpreting can happen in-person, telephonically, or via video, but it must involve spoken or signed communication. The correct answer is 'False'.

Interpreting is social work.

Interpreting is NOT social work. Many interpreters enter the profession out of a desire to help others, and interpreters do indeed help many people. The correct answer is 'False'.

Target language is not the language which the source text or speech is to be translated or interpreted.

Target language is the language which the source text or speech is to be translated or interpreted. The correct answer is 'False'.

The best-known modality of interpretation is video remote interpreting (VRI)

The best-known modality of interpretation is On-Site Interpretation. The correct answer is 'False'.

An interpreter may tell the patient and provider to address him and speak to him only.