PMP Notes

The Process Group in which the internal and external stakeholders interact and influence the overall outcome of the project is the

Initiating Process Group

Project Manager

Person ultimately responsible for outcome of project.

Which of the following documents allows the project manager to assess risks that may require near term action

Risk urgency assessment

Which of the following is an input of the Define Activities process

Scope baseline

Activity resource requirements and resource breakdown structure are outputs from what Project Time Management process

Activity Resource Estimating

Key outputs of process Estimate Activity Resources

Activity Resource Requirements

Which Control Quality tool is also known as an arrow diagram?

Activity network diagram

Which input will be used when tasked with developing the human resource plan

Activity resource requirements

The cost performance baseline is typically displayed in the form of

An S-curve.

Fixed-Price Contract

An agreement that sets the fee that will be paid for a defined scope of work regardless of the cost or effort to deliver it.

Quality Checklists

A structured tool used to verify that a set of required steps has been performed.

cost estimates, prepared for each activity, are categorized in terms of their___________

Accuracy

What is the responsibility of the project manager and the functional manager respectively

Achieving the project objectives; providing management oversight for an administrative area

The Project Human Resource Management process that involves confirming human resource availability and obtaining the team necessary to complete project activities is

Acquire Project Team

Rework

Action taken to bring a defective or nonconforming component into compliance with requirements or specifications.

"Which of the following will provide the basis for estimating, scheduling, executing, and monitoring and controlling project work "

Activities

Unanimity

Agreement by everyone in the group on a single course of action.

Control Stakeholder Engagement

KA:Stakeholder management PG: monitoring and controlling Def: monitoring overall Stakeholder relationships and adjusting strategies and plans for engaging stakeholders

Trigger Condition

An event or situation that indicates that a risk is about to occur.

Defect

An imperfection or deficiency in a project component where that component does not meet its requirements or specifications and needs to be either repaired or replaced.

Which Process Group includes the Manage Stakeholder Engagement process

Monitoring and Controlling

Project Scope Management is primarily concerned with

Defining and controlling what is and is not included in the project

An input to the Control Quality process is

Deliverables

In which process is a project manager identified and given the authority to apply resources to project activities

Develop Project Charter

Which of the following processes are within the Initiating Process Group

Develop Project Charter and Identify Stakeholders

"Which process involves defining, preparing, and coordinating all subsidiary plans and integrating them into a comprehensive plan?"

Develop Project Management Plan

The project charter is an input to which process

Develop Project Management Plan

Largest of 47 processes

Develop Schedule

The project scope statement and resource calendars are inputs to which Project Time Management process

Develop Schedule

Initiating + integration management

Develop project charter

Process: Acquire Project Team

Focuses on staffing the project. A key process that carries out the human resource management plan. Gets the right people working on the project

Acquire Project Team

KA:HR management PG: executing Def: confirming human resource availability and obtain the team necessary to complete project activities

Which process is conducted from project inception through completion and is ultimately the responsibility of the project manager

Perform Integrated Change Control

Which process should be conducted from the project inception through completion

Perform Integrated Change Control

Which process uses occurrence probability and impact on project objectives to assess the priority of identified risks

Perform Qualitative Risk Analysis

The process to ensure that appropriate quality standards and operational definitions are used is

Perform Quality Assurance

Which of the following Process Groups covers all nine Project Management Knowledge Areas

Planning

Which Process Group and Knowledge Area include the Sequence Activities process

Planning Process Group and Project Time Management

Balanced matrix

Project manager has equal power to functional manager. Highest possibility of conflict between the two.

Which input to Collect Requirements is used to identify stakeholders who can provide information on requirements?

Stakeholder register

Baseline

The approved version of a work product that can be changed only through formal change control procedures and is used as a basis for comparison.

Cost Baseline

The approved version of the time-phased project budget, excluding any management reserves, which can be changed only through formal change control procedures and is used as a basis for comparison to actual results.

Control Limits

The area composed of three standard deviations on either side of the centerline or mean of a normal distribution of data plotted on a control chart, which reflects the expected variation in the data. See also specification limits.

Planned Value (PV)

The authorized budget assigned to scheduled work.

Project Management Plan

The document that describes how the project will be executed monitored, and controlled.

Project Management Plan

The document that describes how the project will be executed, monitored, and controlled.

Product Scope Description

The documented narrative description of the product scope.

Quality Control Measurements

The documented results of control quality activities.

Monitor and Control Project Work

The process of tracking, reviewing, and reporting project progress against the performance objectives defined in the project management plan.

Monitor and Control Project Work

The process of tracking, reviewing, and reporting the progress to meet the performance objectives defined in the project management plan.

Plan Cost Management

The process that establishes the policies, procedures, and documentation for planning, managing, expending, and controlling project costs.

What is a deliverable-oriented hierarchical decomposition of the work to be executed to accomplish the project objectives and create the required deliverables

Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)

Preventive action

an intentional activity that ensures the future performance of the project work is aligned with the project management plan

PM Plan

describes how the project will be executed, monitored, controlled, and closed. defines basis for all work.

One of the tools and techniques of the Manage Project Team process is

conflict management.

An imposed date for completion of the project by the customer is an example of a project

constraint

Plan-do-check-act is also known as

continuous improvement

Perform Qualitative Risk Analysis

KA:Risk management PG: planning Def: prioritizing risks for further analysis and action by assessing or combining their probability of occurrence and impact

Which of the following are inputs to the Plan Procurements process?

"Risk register, scope baseline, enterprise environmental factors, organizational process assets, project schedule"

Which baselines make up the performance measurement baseline

"Scope baseline, cost baseline, and schedule baseline"

Inputs to the Define Activities process include

"Scope baseline, enterprise environmental factors, and organizational process assets."

What are the components of the triple constraint

"Scope, time, cost"

the project?"

"Strategic plan, business need, and product scope description"

"The CPI is .92, and the EV is US$172,500.What is the actual cost of the project?"

"US $187,500"

"The process for performing variance analysis may vary, depending on:"

"application area, the standard used, and the industry,"

Projects are separated into phases or subprojects; these phases include:

"feasibility study, concept development, design, and prototype."

"At the start of a typical project life cycle, costs are "

"high, become low as work is carried out, and drop as the project nears the end."

Tools and techniques used for Plan Communications include the communication:

"requirements analysis, communication technology, communication models, and communication methods."

Templates

A partially complete document in a predefined format that provides a defined structure for collecting, organizing, and presenting information and data.

The degree of uncertainty an entity is willing to take on in anticipation of a reward is known as its risk

appetite

"Projects that share common outcomes, collective capability, knowledge, or skills are often grouped into a "

program

Success is measured by benefits realization for a

program

Risk Avoidance

A risk response strategy whereby the project team acts to eliminate the threat of protect the project from its impact.

Risk Mitigation

A risk response strategy whereby the project team acts to reduce the probability of occurrence or impact of a risk.

Design of Experiments

A statistical method for identifying which factors may influence specific variables of a product or process under development or in production.

Key output of Define Scope process

Scope baseline

Float or Slack

LS-ES and LF-EF

Start to Start

Successor does not start until predecessor starts.

Monitoring and controlling + cost management

Control cost

The Define Scope process is in which of the following Process Groups

Planning

Control Charts

Determine if process is in control Rule of 7

Ground Rules

Expectations regarding acceptable behavior by project team members.

Which tool or technique is used in the Perform Integrated Change Control process

Meetings

What type of reward can hurt team cohesiveness

Win-lose

Statement of Work (SOW)

A narrative description of products, services, or results to be delivered by the project.

Typical outcomes of a project include:

"Products, services, and improvements."

The product scope description is used to

"Progressively elaborate the characteristics of the product, service, or result."

How many Project Management Process Groups are there

5

Process Analysis

A blank follows the steps outlined in the process improvement plan to identify needed improvements.

Master Schedule

A summary-level project schedule that identifies the major deliverable and work breakdown structure components and key schedule milestones.

During which process does a project manager review all prior information to ensure that all project work is completed and that the project has met its objectives?

Close Project or Phase

Verification of project deliverables occurs during which process

Close Project or Phase

Inputs to direct and manage project work

Approved change requests common in parts

Perform Quality Assurance Process key tool

Audits

How is quality control performed

By monitoring specific project results in compliance with relevant quality standards and determining corrective actions as needed

Which can be used to determine whether a process is stable or has predictable performance

Control chart

During which process does the project team receive bids and proposals

Conduct Procurements

Sum of years method

Depreciation amt = asset value × (remaining estimated life ÷ sum of years)

Cost baseline is an output of which of the following processes

Determine Budget

SPI =

EV/PV

Estudios recientes del PMI aplicaron el marco de desarrollo de competencias del director de proyectos, de este surge el Triangulo de Talentos del PMI

El gerente de proyectos o director de proyectos deberá contar con las habilidades siguientes. - Dirección técnica de proyectos - Liderazgo - Gestión Estratégica y Negocios

What's budget

Executing

Which item is an example of personnel assessment?

Focus group

Project Funding Requirements

Forecast project costs to be paid that are derived from the cost baseline for total or periodic requirements, including projected expenditures plus anticipated liabilities.

What do composite organizations involve

Functional and project managers

Functional Organization

Functional manager has more auth. Most common type. Feature departments (marketing, etc)

What process determines which risks might affect the project

Identify Risks

The Big Four

Ishikawa, Deming, Juran, Crosby Drove development of TQM

An example of a group decision-ma king technique is:

Majority.

Which type of analysis is used as a general management technique within the Plan Procurements process

Make or buy analysis

Which is the document that presents a hierarchical project organization

OBS

Communication Channels

N(N -1)/2

Schedule Baseline

Output of Develop Schedule . Original plan plus all approved changes. The approved schedule model which produces project schedule.

Executing + quality management

Perform quality assurance

Which process develops options and actions to enhance opportunities and reduce threats to project objectives?

Plan Risk Responses

Plan Scope Management Process

Planning process in Scope Management knowledge area

Organizational Process Assets

Plans, processes, policies, procedures, and knowledge bases that are specific to and used by the performing organization.

Which of the following is a group decision-making technique

Plurality

Expected Monetary Value

Probability (as a %) * Impact

Key inputs to Direct and Manage Project Work Process

Project Management Plan Approved Change Requests

Schedule milestones and a predefined budget are examples of

Project constraints

"Sending letters, memos, reports, emails, and faxes to share information is an example of which type of communication?"

Push

A risk may be graded into different priorities by which process

Qualitative risk analysis

Quality Metrics are created during:

Quality Planning

What is the difference between the critical path and the critical chain

Resource limitations

"Definitions of probability and impact, revised stakeholder tolerances, and tracking are components of which subsidiary plan "

Risk management plan

Source Selection

Source Selection = (Weightage X Price) + (Weightage X Quality)

Checklist Analysis Tool provides structure to:

The Identify Risks Process

RBS is contained in:

The Risk Management Plan

Key input to Time Management Processes

The WBS

An output of the Perform Integrated Change Control process is

The change log.

ANSI (American National Standards Institute) (Instituto Nacional Estadounidense de Estandares)

Una de sus funciones es atender las necesidades de superación y credencialización profesionales.

"While implementing an approved change, a critical defect was introduced. Removing the defect will delay the product delivery. What is the MOST appropriate approach to managing this situation?"

Utilize the change control process.

The process of formalizing acceptance of the completed project deliverables is known as

Validate Scope

Estimate at Completion (EAC) Meaning

What do we currently expect the total project to cost (a forecast)?

Lessons learned

What you do at the end of every project or phase

Which type of graphic is displayed below

Work breakdown structure

Project management processes ensure the

effective flow of the project throughout its life cycle

The run chart created during the Perform Quality Control process on a project is used to show the

data points plotted in the order in which they occur

Process: Plan Human Resource management

lays out how you will staff, manage, team-build, assess, and improve the project team

"When painting a bedroom, preparing the walls can be done while the paint is being chosenThis is an example of a "

lead

Constrained Optimization (Types)

linear, integer, dynamic. Linear

A collection of projects managed as a group to achieve strategic objectives is referred to as a

portfolio

An input required in Define Scope is an organizational

process asset

The completion of the project scope is measured against the

project management plan

The project governance approach should be described in the

project management plan

Organizational Structures

refers to type of org that's performing project. Three major types. Functional, Matrix, Projectized.

A method to manage stakeholder expectations in the scope statement is to clearly

state what is out of scope

"Every project creates a unique product, service, or result that may be "

tangible

Organizations perceive risks as

the effect of uncertainty on their project and organizational objectives

Project Management Process Groups are linked by

the outputs they produce

An input to the Perform Integrated Change Control process is

the project management plan

Which of the following characteristics are found in a functional organizational structure?

"Little or no project manager authority, little or no resource availability, and the functional manager controls the project budget"

The three types of estimates that PERT uses to define an approximate range for an activity's cost are

"Most likely, optimistic, and pessimistic."

Inputs to the Plan Schedule Management process include:

"Organizational process assets and the project charter, "

"A Project Management Office (PMO) manages a number of aspects, including what "

"Overall risk, overall opportunity and interdependencies among projects"

"Which of the following statements best describes the influence of stakeholders and the cost of changes as project time advances?"

"The influence of the stakeholders decreases, the cost of changes increases."

An input to the Plan Cost Management process is:

"The project charter, "

The Monitoring and Controlling Process Group includes processes that:

"Track, review, and regulate the progress and performance of a project."

Budget Estimate (What range?)

-10% - +25%

"What is the schedule performance index (SPI) if the planned value (PV) is $100, the actual cost (AC) is $150, and the earned value (EV) is $50?"

0.5

Control chart - process is out of control if:

1. Data point falls outside of control limit 2. 7 consecutive data points fall below the mean 3. 7 consecutive data points go above the mean rule of 7

Three types of effort

1. Discrete Effort - Activity that produces a specific output. Can be planned and measured. 2. Apportioned Effort - Not a discrete activity. Effort is allocated across related discrete efforts. 3. Level Of Effort (LOE) - Supporting activity that does not directly produce a final product.

3 Diagramming Techniques used in Identify Risks Process

1. Ishikawa, cause-and-effect, fishbone, root cause 2. Influence diagrams 3. Flow charts

Two characteristics of Risk

1. Risk is related to an uncertain event. 2. A risk may affect the project for good or bad.

"The following chart contains information about the tasks in a projectBased on the chart, what is the schedule performance index (5PI) for Task 4 "

1.11

"The following chart contains information about the tasks in a projectBased on the chart, what is the cost performance index (CPI) for Task 2 "

1.25

"The PV is $1000, EV is $2000, and AC is $1500What is CPI "

1.33

The number of potential communication channels for a project with 5 stakeholders is:

10

The shortest non-critical path for the project is how many days in duration

10

"Using parametric estimating, if an assigned resource is capable of producing 120 units per hour, how many hours are required to produce 12,000 units "

100

The critical path for the project is how many days in duration

17

The following is a network diagram for a projectHow many possible paths are identified for this project

4

"The following chart contains information about the tasks in a projectBased on the chart, what is the schedulevariance (SV) for Task 8 "

"-1,000"

"The following chart contains information about the tasks in a projectBased on the chart, what is the cost variance (CV) for Task 6 "

"2,000"

An output of the Plan Quality Management process is:

"A process improvement plan, "

An element of the project scope statement is:

"Acceptance criteri, "

"What is the number of stakeholders, if the project has 28 potential communication channels "

8

The total float for the project is how many days

9

Gantt Chart

A bar chart of schedule information where activities are listed on the vertical axis, dates are shown on the horizontal axis, and activity durations are shown as horizontal bars placed according to start and finish dates.

Approved Change Request

A blank has been processed through the integrated change control process and approved.

Application Area

A category of projects that have common components significant in such projects, but are not needed or present in all projects. Blanks are usually defined in terms of either the product (i.e. by similar technologies or production methods) or the type of customer (i.e. internal versus external, government versus commercial) or industry sector (i.e. utilities, automotive, aerospace, information technologies, etc.) Blanks can overlap.

Grade

A category or rank used to distinguish items that have the same functional use (e.g., "hammer") but do not share the same requirements for quality (e.g., different hammers may need to withstand different amounts of force).

Scope Management Plan

A component of the project or program management plan that describes how the scope will be defined, developed, monitored, controlled, and verified.

Risk Management Plan

A component of the project, program, or portfolio management plan that describes how risk management activities will be structured and performed.

Communications Management Plan

A component of the project, program, or portfolio management plan that describes how, when, and by whom information about the project will be administered and disseminated.

Change Request

A formal proposal to modify any document, deliverable, or baseline.

Compliance

A general concept of conforming to a rule, standard, law, or requirement such that the assessment of compliance results in a binomial result stated as "compliant" or "non compliant".

Risk Category

A group of potential causes of risk.

Quality Policy

A policy specific to the Project Quality Management Knowledge Area, it establishes the basic principles that should govern the organization's actions as it implements its system for quality management.

Iterative Life Cycle

A project life cycle where the project scope is generally determined early in the project life cycle, but time and cost estimates are routinely modified as the project team's understanding of the product increases. Iterations develop the product through a series of repeated cycles, while increments successively add to the functionality of the product.

Variance at Completion (VAC)

A projection of the amount of budget deficit or surplus, expressed as the difference between the budget at completion and the estimate at completion.

Schedule Model

A representation of the plan for executing the project's activities including durations, dependencies, and other planning information, used to produce a project schedule along with other scheduling artifacts.

Approved Change Requests Review

A review of the change requests to verify that these were implemented as approved.

Milestone Schedule

A summary-level schedule that identifies the major schedule milestones.

Dependency Determination

A technique used to identifying the type of dependency that is used to create the logical relationships between predecessor and successor activities.

Crashing

A technique used to shorten the schedule duration for the least incremental cost by adding resources.

ACWP (is a synonym for what [acronym])

AC

Estimate at Completion (EAC), most accurate method

AC + Bottom-up ETC - Calculates actual costs to date plus a new estimate for the remaining work; used when the original estimate was flawed

Scheduling tool

Allows team to define tasks, estimate durations, assign dependencies, create a schedule model. (Microsoft project, etc)

Reserve Time

Also called contingency -- extra time added to an activity duration estimate

Predecessor Activity

An activity that logically comes before a dependent activity in a schedule.

Fixed Formula Method

An earned value method for assigning a specified percentage of budget value for a work package to the start milestone of the work package with the remaining budget value percentage assigned when the work package is complete.

A key benefit of the Manage Communications process is that it enables:

An efficient and effective communication flow.

Project Risk Management

Blank includes the processes of conducting risk management planning, identification, analysis, response planning, and controlling risk on a project.

Decomposition

Breaking scope down into work packages

Which process occurs within the Monitoring and Controlling Process Group

Cost Control

Team Role: Withdrawers

Destructive team role - Someone who does not participate in discussion, resolution, or fleshing out of ideas.

Project Charter

Document that officially starts the project. critical to project success. provides PM with authority.

The Perform Quality Assurance process occurs in which Process Group?

Executing

Organizational structure types

Functional, projectized, matrix

"The ways in which the roles and responsibilities, reporting relationships, and staffing management will be addressed and structured within a project is described in the:"

Human resource management plan.

What is one of the objectives of Project Risk Management

Increase the probability and impact of positive events

Control Quality Process key tool

Inspection

10 knowledge areas

Integration Scope Time Cost Quality Human Resources Communications Risk Procurement Stakeholder Management

The organizational process assets that are of particular importance to Plan Communications are

Lessons learned and historical information

Which type of dependency is contractually required or inherent in the nature of the work

Mandatory

A tool or technique used during the Administer Procurements process is

Performance reporting

Quality metrics are an output of which process

Plan Quality

During what process is the quality policy determined

Planning

Which is a tool or technique used in Define Scope

Product analysis

High-level project risks are included in which document

Project charter

Primary output of Process Plan Risk Responses

Project documents updates

Which grid shows which resources are tied to work packages?

Responsibility assignment matrix (RAM)

Quality and credibility of the qualitative risk analysis process requires that different levels of the risk's probabilities and impacts be defined is the definition of what

Risk probability and impact

Assigned risk ratings are based upon

Risk probability and impact assessment

Which of the following investigates the likelihood that each specific risk will occur

Risk probability and impact assessment

Primary output of Process Identify Risks

Risk register

Which of the following is an input to the Perform Qualitative Risk Analysis process

Risk register

Which of the following is an input to the Plan Risk Responses process

Risk register

Key inputs to process Sequence Activities

Schedule Management Plan Activity List Activity Attributes

Key inputs to process Estimate Activity Durations

Schedule Management Plan Activity List Activity Attributes Activity Resource Requirements Resource Calendars

Projects are authorized by which of the following individuals

Sponsors

Finish to Start

Successor cannot start until predecessor finishes (most common type)

Critical Path formulas

Sum of Longest Duration Path Forward Pass: (Add 1 day to Early Start) EF = (ES + Duration - 1) Backward Pass: (Minus 1 day to Late Finish) LS = (LF - Duration + 1)

Cost Aggregation

Summing the lower-level cost estimates associated with the various work packages for a given level within the project's WBS for a given cost control account.

Majority

Support from more than 50 percent of the members of the group.

Basis of Estimates

Supporting documentation outlining the details used in establishing project estimates such as assumptions, constraints, level of detail, ranges, and confidence levels.

"Which type of project management office (PMO) supplies templates, best practices, and training to project teams "

Supportive

Process: Control Risks

Takes a look back to evaluate how all of the planning done in Risk Management is lining up with reality.

Project

Temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product, service, or result

Tree Float

The amount of time that a schedule activity can be delayed or extended from its early start date without delaying the project finish date or violating a schedule constraint.

Free Float

The amount of time that a schedule activity can be delayed without delaying the early start date of any successor or violating a schedule constraint.

Lead

The amount of time whereby a successor activity can be advance with respect to a predecessor activity.

Lag

The amount of time whereby a successor activity is required to be delayed with respect to a predecessor activity.

Program Management

The application of knowledge, skills, tools, and techniques to a program to meet the program requirements and to obtain benefits and control not available by managing projects individually,

Project Management

The application of knowledge, skills, tools, and techniques to project activities to meet the project requirements.

Budget

The approved estimate for the project or any work breakdown structure component or any schedule activity.

Schedule Baseline

The approved version of a schedule model that can be changed only through formal change control procedures and is used as a basis for comparison to actual results.

Scope Baseline

The approved version of a scope statement, work breakdown structure (WBS), and its associated WBS dictionary, that can be changed only through formal change control procedures and is used as a basis for comparison.

Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis

This technique utilizes a decision matrix to provide a systematic analytical approach for establishing criteria, such as risk levels, uncertainty, and valuation, to evaluate and rank many ideas.

Which of the following are examples of interactive communication

Video conferences

Plan Quality Management

Where the project team identifies what the quality specifications are for the project and how they will be met.

Precision

Within the quality management system, blank is a measure of exactness.

Communication Models

A description, analogy or schematic used to represent how the communication process will be performed for the project.

A change log for communications can be used to communicate to the appropriate stakeholders that there are changes

"And their impact to the project in terms of time, cost, and risk."

What are the five Project Management Process Groups

"Initiating, Planning, Executing, Monitoring and Controlling, and Closing"

Triple constraint

"Iron Triangle" - Scope, Time, Cost. Cant change one without effecting others.

A project management office manages a number of aspects including the

"Overall risk, overall opportunity, and interdependencies among projects at the enterprise level."

What are the Project Procurement Management processes?

"Plan Procurement Management, Conduct Procurements, Control Procurements, and Close Procurements"

Which of the following lists contain processes that are included within Project Procurement Management

"Plan purchases and acquisitions, plan contracting, request seller responses, select sellers"

Which characteristics do effective project managers possess?

"Project management knowledge, performance skills, and personal effectiveness"

Which of the following are outputs of the Monitor and Control Project Work process

"Requested changes, forecasts, recommended corrective actions"

Change Control Board (CCB)

A formally chartered group responsible for reviewing, evaluating, approving, delaying, or rejecting changes to the project, and for recording and communicating such decisions.

Dos tipos de Credencializacion por el PMI

- PMP (existe un manual para este) - CAPM (existe un manual para este)

Constraint

A limiting factor that affects the execution of a project, program, portfolio, or process.

Cost Performance Index (CPI)

A measure of the cost efficiency of budgeted resources expressed as the ratio of earned value to actual cost.

Inspections and Audits

A process to observe performance of contracted work or a promised product against agreed-upon requirements.

Variance

A quantifiable deviation, departure, or divergence away from a known baseline or expected value.

Phase Gate

A review at the end of a phase in which a decision is made to continue to the next phase, to continue with modification, or to end a project or program.

Risk Acceptance

A risk response strategy whereby the project team decides to acknowledge the risk and not take any action unless the risk occurs.

Source Selection Criteria

A set of attributes desired by the buyer which a seller is required to meet or exceed to be selected for a contract.

Acceptance Criteria

A set of conditions that is required to be met before deliverables are accepted.

Milestone

A significant point or event in a project, program, or portfolio.

Records Management System

A specific set of processes, related control functions, and tools that are consolidated and combined to record and retain information about the project.

Practice

A specific type of professional or management activity that contributes to the execution of a process and that may employe one or more techniques and tools.

Methodology

A system of practices, techniques, procedures, and rules used by those who work in a discipline.

Checksheets

A tally sheet that can be used as a checklist when gathering data.

Variance Analysis

A technique for determining the cause and degree of difference between the baseline and actual performance.

Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT)

A technique for estimating that applies is weighted average of optimistic, pessimistic, and most likely estimates when there is uncertainty with the individual activity estimates.

Analogous Estimating

A technique for estimating the duration or cost of an activity or a project using historical data from a similar activity or project.

Checklist Analysis

A technique for systematically reviewing materials using a list for accuracy and completeness.

Alternative Analysis

A technique used to evaluate identified options in order to select which options or approaches to use to execute and perform the work of the project.

Adjusting Leads and Lags

A technique used to find ways to bring project activities that are behind into alignment with plan during project execution.

Resource Smoothing

A technique which adjusts the activities of a schedule model such that the requirement for resources on the project do not exceed certain predefined resource limits.

Request for Proposal (RFP)

A type of procurement document used to request proposals from prospective sellers of products or services. In some application areas, it may have a narrower or more specific meaning.

Project-Based Organization (PBOs)

A variety of organizational forms that involve the creation of temporary systems for the performance of projects. Blanks conduct the majority of their activities as projects and/or provide project over functional approaches.

The following is a network diagram for a projectWhat is the critical path for the project

A-C-F-G

What is project management?

"Applying knowledge, skills, tools, and techniques to project activities to meet the project requirements"

Which of the following response strategies are appropriate for negative risks or threats

"Avoid, Mitigate, Transfer, or Accept"

Which items are components of a project management plan

"Change management plan, process improvement plan, and scope management plan"

Which of the following correctly lists the configuration management activities included in the Integrated Change Control process

"Configuration identification, configuration status accounting, configuration verification and audit"

The Human Resource Management processes are Project Team."

"Develop Human Resource Plan, Acquire Project Team, Develop Project Team, and Manage

Which of the following processes are part of the Project Integration Management Knowledge Area ?

"Develop Project Charter, Direct and Manage Project Execution, Close Project or Phase"

Conflict should be best addressed in which manner

"Early, in private, using a direct, collaborative approach"

The three processes of Project Cost Management are

"Estimate Costs, Determine Budget, and Control Costs."

Which tools or techniques are used in the Plan Schedule Management process?

"Expert judgment, analytical techniques, and meetings "

Project contracts generally fall into which of the following three broad categories?

"Fixed-price, cost reimbursable, time and materials"

Free Float

"Free slack" Amount of time an activity can be delayed without affecting the early start date of subsequent dependent activities.

What is the most accurate rough order of magnitude (ROM)?

"In the Initiation phase, the estimate is in the range of +/- 50%."

Which of the following are inputs into the Administer Procurements process?

"Procurement documents, performance reports, and approved change requests"

Inputs to Identifying Stakeholders include:

"Project charter, stakeholder analysis, enterprise environmental factors, and stakeholder management strategy."

Perform Integrated Change Control is the process of

"Reviewing, approving, and managing all change requests"

Which of the following are three inputs to the risk register?

"Risk management plan, activity cost estimates, and project documents"

A project can be defined as a:

"Temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product, service, or result"

"A project has a current cost performance index (CPI) of 1.25. To date, US$10,000 have been spent on performing the project work. What is the earned value of the work completed to date?"

"US $12,500"

"The CPI is .92, and the EV is US$172,500. What is the actual cost of the project?"

"US $187,500"

"When calculating the cost of quality (COQ) for a product or service, money spent for cost of conformance would include the areas of:"

"training, document processes, and inspections."

"What is the estimate at completion (EAC) if the budget at completion (BAC) is $100, the actual cost (AC) is $50, and the earned value (EV) is $25 "

$125

"The project has a current cost performance index of 0.80Assuming this performance wi continue, the new estimate at completion is $1000What was the original budget at completion for the project "

$800

To Complete Performance Index (TCPI), Standard Method

( BAC - EV ) / ( BAC - AC )

To Complete Performance Index (TCPI), Original budget not possible

( BAC - EV ) / ( EAC - AC )

Point of Total Assumption (PTA)

((Ceiling Price - Target Price)/Buyer's Share Ratio) + Target Cost

Project Scope Management Processes

(6) Plan Scope Management (planning) Collect Requirements (planning) Define Scope (planning) Create WBS (planning) Validate Scope (monitoring & controlling) Control Scope (monitoring & controlling)

Organizational process assets

(OPA) Historical info gathered from previous projects. WBS templates, communication management plans, travel policies, approved vendor list.

Expected Activity Duration (Beta/PERT)

(P + 4M + O )/ 6

Expected Activity Duration (Triangular)

(P + M + O)/3

Standard Deviation of an Activity (SD)

(P - O) / 6

Project management office

(PMO) Dept that aids PMs by sharing best practices, tools, training, methodologies. defines standards, creates templates.

Key output of Control Scope process

(scope) Change Requests

Interpersonal skills

(soft skills) Represents ability to get along with and motivate others.

The following is a network diagram for a projectThe total float for the project is how many days

3

The following is a network diagram for a projectThe free float for Activity H is how many days

4

Estimate At Completion (EAC), poor cost performance and a need to hit a firm completion dae

AC + (BAC - EV) / (CPI x SPI) - calculates actual to date plus the remaining budget modified by performance; used when current variances are thought to be typical of the future and when schedule constrains will influence the completion of the remaining effort

Interpersonal Skills

Ability to establish and maintain relationship with other people.

Which of the following are an enterprise environmental factor that can influence the Identify Risks process

Academic studies

Top-down estimating

Analogous estimating

Matrix Organization

Any organizational structure in which the project manager shares responsibility with the functional managers for assigning priorities and for directing the work of persons assigned to the project.

Corrective Action

Anything done to bring future results in line with the plan

What two inputs does every Monitoring and Controlling process need?

At least one planned and one actual so they can be compared

Variance at Completion (VAC)

BAC - EAC

Estimate at Completion (EAC), Typical Variances

BAC / CPI - Used if no variances from the BAC have occurred or you will continue at the same rate of spending

A full-time project manager with low to moderate authority and part-time administrative staff is working in an organizational structure with which type of matrix

Balanced

Resource leveling

Bringing schedule in line with the ability of your organization

Discounted Cash Flow

Cash Flow X Discount Factor

Scatter Diagrams

Correlation charts - spotting trends in data

A disadvantage associated with virtual teams is that they

Create the possibility for misunderstandings to arise

CPM

Critical Path Method Longest path through project

Team Role: Blockers

Destructive team role -Someone who blocks access to information and tries to interrupt the flow of communication.

Estimate To Complete

EAC - AC

Range of an activity duration

EAD +/- SD

Strategies for positive risks or opportunities

Exploit Share Enhance Accept

Tuckman's Ladder

Forming Storming Norming Performing Adjourning

Exit Gate

If project passes kill point "have desired results been completed?"

What are the 10 knowledge areas?

Integration, scope, time, cost, quality, human resource, communication, risk, procurement, stakeholder.

Estimate Activity Durations

KA:time management PG: planning Def: estimate the work periods needed to complete the individual activities with the estimated resources

Prevention

Keeping defects from occurring

Return on Sales ( ROS )

Net Income Before Taxes (NEBT) / Total Sales OR Net Income After Taxes ( NEAT ) / Total Sales

Enterprise environmental factors are an input to which process?

Plan Scope Management

The iterative process of increasing the level of detail in a project management plan as greater amounts of information become available is known as:

Progressive elaboration

"The application of knowledge, skills, tools, and techniques to project activities to meet project requirements describes management of which of the following "

Project

A temporary endeavor that creates a unique product or service is called a:

Project

Which type of manager is assigned by the performing organization to lead the team that is responsible for achieving the project objectives

Project

Key inputs to Develop Project Management Plan Process

Project Charter Outputs from Other Processes

"Which knowledge area employs the processes required to ensure timely and appropriate generation, collection, distribution, storage, retrieval, and ultimate disposition of project information ,, "

Project Communications Management

Primary output of Process Perform Quantitative Risk Analysis

Project Documents updates

In which Knowledge Area is the project charter developed?

Project Integration Management

The iterative and interactive nature of the Process Groups creates the need for the processes in which Knowledge Area?

Project Integration Management

The Closing Process Group includes which of the following Knowledge Areas

Project Integration Management and Project Procurement Management

Which Knowledge Areas include processes from the Closing Process Group

Project Integration Management and Project Procurement Management

PMIS

Project Management Information System - system for keeping track of documents and deliverables. An automated system to support the project manager by optimizing the schedule and helping collect and distribute information.

In which domain of project management would a Pareto chart provide useful information

Project Quality Management

Key inputs to process Control Schedule

Project Schedule Work Performance Data Project Calendars

Key output of process Sequence Activities

Project Schedule Network Diagrams

Create WBS is part of which of the following Knowledge Areas

Project Scope Management

Scope Baseline consists of:

Project Scope Statement WBS WBS Library

Information Gathering Techniques

Repeatable processes used to assemble and organize data across a spectrum of sources.

Processes in the Planning Process Group are typically carried out during which part of the project life cycle?

Repeatedly

"Which of the following tools will be used to produce performance reports that provide information to stakeholders about project cost, schedule progress, and performance "

Reporting systems

The zero duration of milestones in project planning occurs because milestones

Represent a moment in time such as a significant project point or event

Fee

Represents profit as a component of compensation to a seller.

Which of the following is an output of the Information Distribution Process

Requested changes

Key outputs of Collect Requirements process

Requirements Documentations Requirements Traceability Matrix

Which of the following is the primary output of the Identify Risks process

Risk register

Which of the following correctly describes when organizations and stakeholders are willing to accept varying degrees of risk

Risk tolerance

Esfera de influencia del Director de Proyecto

Rol del director día a día - Trabajo de equipo de proyecto a quien se monitorea y brinda recursos para que realice su trabajo. Relación con directores de otros proyectos, gerentes de recursos. - Patrocinadores, Organismos de Gobierno, comités de dirección, PMOs - Interesados, proveedores, clientes y usuarios finales.

Activity Variance

SD^2

A weighting system is a tool for which area of procurement

Select sellers

"For a project to be successful, the project team must do which of the following "

Select the appropriate processes required to meet the project objective

Objective

Something toward which work is to be directed, a strategic position to be attained, a purpose to be achieved, a result to be obtained, a product to be produced, or a service to be performed.

Organizations manage portfolios based on which of the following types of plans

Strategic

"Organizational planning impacts projects by means of project prioritization based on risk, funding, and an organizations "

Strategic plan

In which of the following types of organizations is resource availability moderate to high

Strong matrix

Reward Power

The ability to give rewards and recognition. (pay raise, time off, etc)

Management Skills

The ability to plan, organize, direct, and control individuals or groups of people to achieve specific goals.

Product life cycle

The cycle of a product from start to end

Product Scope

The features and functions that characterize a product, service, or result.

Lessons Learned

The knowledge gained during a project which shows how project events were addressed or should be addressed in the future with the purpose of improving future performance.

Make-or-Buy Analysis

The process of gathering and organizing data about product requirements and analyzing them against available alternatives including the purchase or internal manufacture of the product.

Control Risks

The process of implementing risk response plans, tracking identified risks, monitoring residual risks, identifying new risks, and evaluating risk process effectiveness throughout the project.

Conduct Procurements

The process of obtaining seller responses, selecting a seller, and awarding a contract.

Perform Integrated Change Control

The process of reviewing all change requests; approving changes and managing changes to deliverables, organizational process assets, project documents, and the project management plan; and communicating their disposition.

Budget at Completion (BAC)

The sum of all budgets established for the work to be performed.

Executing Proces Group

Those processes performed to complete the work defined in the project management plan to satisfy the project specifications.

Which item is a cost of conformance

Training

A technique used to determine the cause and degree of difference between baseline and actual performance is:

Variance analysis.

What are the 3 types of matrix structures?

Week, balance, strong.

Corrective action

an intentional activity that realigns the performance of the project work with the project management plan

Defect repair

an intentional activity to modify a nonconforming product or product component

Project Stakeholder Management focuses on

managing conflicting interests

Accuracy

measured value is very close to the true or intended value

"In a weak matrix, the project managers role is "

part-time

An input to the Perform Quantitative Risk Analysis process is the

schedule management plan.

The process improvement plan details the steps for analyzing processes to identify activities which enhance their

value.

CAPM vs PMP

- CAPM conocedor en materia de manejo de proyectos, y puede ser parcial o plenamente responsable de distintas áreas de un proyecto. - PMP experiencia probada en dirigir y ser responsable de todos los aspectos de un proyecto (5 grupos de procesos de proyecto: Iniciar, planificar, ejecutar, monitorear y controlar y cerrar.).

La Gobernanza puede incliur

- Consideraciones de personas, roles, estructuras y políticas establecidas en la organización. - Ofrecer orientación y monitoreo, así como datos deretroalimentación sobre los proyectos en curso de la organización - Aspectos relacionados con la evaluación del riesgo, controles, acciones de mitigacion yo contingencias - optimizar el desempeño - conocer desviaciones - realizar mejora continua de los procesos establecidos.

Memorize This About EV, AC, PV, CPI, and SPI

- EV comes first in each formula it appears - If it is a variance, the formula is EV minus something - If it is an index, the formula is EV divided by something - If the formula relates to cost, use AC - If the formula relates to schedule, use PV - Variances: negative is bad, positive is good - Indices: greater than one is good; less than one is bad (except for TCPI)

Requisitos para la credencial CAPM

- El aspirante tiene un conocimiento demostrable de PMBOKGuide y asume responsabilidad total o parcial en tareas particulares en los proyectos. - mínimo bachillerato - 23 hrs de capacitación directas (contact hours) - o 1500 hrs de experiencia profesional de manejo de proyectos

Estándares para proyectos específicos del PMI

- Estándar Valor devengado - Estándar Manejo de versiones y configuraciones - Estándar cronogramas - Estándar para EDT o WBS (Estructuras de desglose de trabajo) - Estándar para programas y portafolios - Estándar sobre riesgos - Estándar para estimación

Puntos fundamentales de gestión de negocio que debe tener el Director de proyectos

- Explicar todos los aspectos de negocio fundamentales relacionados con el proyecto - trabajar de cerca con los sponsor y stakholer principales para mantener un conocimiento del proyecto, de sus necesidades y su alineación de la estrategia de negocio - implementar una estrategia para lograr que el proyecto maximice la entrega de valor al negocio - visionario - soñar el sueño del resto de los interesados - positivo y optimista - colaborador y tener alta capacidad de manejo de trabajo en equipo - manejar y enfrentar conflictos - capacidad de generación de confianza y buscar consenso - capacidades comunicacionales oral y escrito - mantener equilibrio entre conflictos y objetivos planteados - persuacion - compromiso - negociacion - el promover el desarrollo profesional de su equipo de trabajo - capacidades de identificar competencia y requerimientos a largo plazo en el marco del proyecto

PMBOKGuide (A Guide to the project Management Body of Knowledge)

- Guía para la dirección de proyectos es emitida por el PMI, es un estándar ANSI - Dos estándares que extienden mas a PMBOKGuide - Extensión para proyectos gubernamentales (Licitaciones) - Extensión para proyectos de construcción (Ambiental)

Quienes aplican este código de ética?

- Miembros del PMI - Posee alguna certificación o credencial otorgada por el PMI - Se encuentran inscritas en uno de los procesos de certificación - Trabajan como voluntarias al servicio del PMI

Cuatro conceptos (normas) éticos cardinales

- Responsabilidad - Respeto (estima por nosotros mismos, los demás y recursos encomendados) - Justicia y Equidad (Adoptar decisiones y actuar imparcial y objetivamente) - Honestidad

Gobernanza en Proyectos

- Se refiere a las restricciones establecidas en la organización, como marco de trabajo para manejo de proyectos de manera eficiente y eficaz - Establece las responsabilidades y la rendición de cuentas respecto a los proyectos. - El director de proyectos debe conocer y cumplir con el marco trabajo de gobernanza del proyecto

Requisitos para la credencial PMP

- Titulo Profesional * 3 años demostrables de dirigir proyectos con 4500 hrs dedicadas expresamente a dirigir proyectos - Titulo Bachillerato * 5 años de experiencia en manejo de proyectos con un total de 7500 hrs han sido expresamente a dirigir proyectos. - Experiencia dentro 8 años transcurridos. - Deben haber tenido experiencia en los 5 grupos de procesos de proyecto: Iniciar, planificar, ejecutar, monitorear y controlar y cerrar. - 35 hrs de capacitación presencial directa (contact hours)

Gestión de Elementos

- crono-grama - costos - recursos - riesgos del proyecto

countact hours

- horas directas presencial no tienen vigencia

"Based on the following metrics EV= $20,0, AC= $22,0, and PV= $28,0, what is the project CV , "

-2000

"Based on the following metrics EV=$20,0, AC=$22,0, and PV=$28,0, what is the project CV , "

-2000

Order of Magnitude Estimate (What range; and per PMBOK?)

-25% - +75% (-50 to +100% PMBOK)

Definitive Estimate (What range?)

-5% - +10%

"A work package has been scheduled to cost $1,000 to complete and was to be finished today. As of today, the actual expenditure is $1,200 and approximately half of the work has been completed. What is the cost variance?"

-700

"The Cost Management processes and their associated tools and techniques are usually selected

...

"Within project integration management, the statement of work (SOW) references which aspects of

...

What is the risk rating if the probability of occurrence is 0.30 and the impact if it does occur is moderate (0.20)

0.06

"Using the following data, what is the Schedule Performance Index (SPI) EV= $500 PV= $750 AC= $1000 BAC= $1200 "

0.67

What is the probability of occurrence if the risk rating is 0.56 and the impact if the risk does occur is very high (0.80)

0.7

"The project budget is set at $150,000The project duration is planned to be one yearAt the completion of Week 16 of the project, the following information is collected Actual cost = $50,0, Plan cost = $45,0, Earned value = $40,000What is the cost performance index "

0.8

"What is the schedule performance index (SPI) using the following data BAC = $100,000 PV = $50,000 AC = $80,000 EV = $40,0,,, "

0.8

Which project risk listed in the table below is most likely to occur

2

The free float for Activity E is how many days

5

Resource Histogram

A bar chart showing the amount of time that a resource is scheduled to work over a series of time periods. Resource availability may be depicted as a line for comparison purposes. Contrasting bars may show actual amounts of resources used as the project progresses.

Contract

A blank is a mutually binding agreement that obligates the seller to provide the specified product or service or result and obligates the buyer to pay for it.

Quality Audits

A blank is a structured, independent process to determine if project activities comply with organizational and project policies, processes, and procedures.

Simulation

A blank uses a project model that translates the uncertainties specified at a detailed level into their potential impact on objectives that are expressed at the level of the total project. Project blanks use computer models and estimates of risk, usually expressed as a probability distribution of possible costs or durations at a detailed work level, and are typically performed using Monte Carlo analysis.

Resource Calendar

A calendar that identifies the working days and shifts on which each specific resource is available.

Project Calendar

A calendar that identifies working days and shifts that are available for scheduled activities.

Cost Plus Award Fee Contract (CPAF)

A category of contract that involves payments to the seller for all legitimate actual costs incurred for completed work, plus an award fee representing seller profit.

Project Phase

A collection of logically related project activities that culminates in the completion of one or more deliverables.

RACI

A common type of responsibility assignment matrix that uses responsible, accountable, consult, and inform statuses to define the involvement of stakeholders in project activities.

Cost Management Plan

A component of a project or program management plan that describes how costs will be planned, structured, and controlled.

Staffing Management Plan

A component of the human resource plan that describes when and how project team members will be acquired and how long they will be needed.

Human Resource Management Plan

A component of the project management plan that describes how the roles and responsibilities, reporting relationships, and staff management will be addressed and structured.

Schedule Management Plan

A component of the project management plan that establishes the criteria and the activities for developing, monitoring, and controlling the schedule.

Procurement Management Plan

A component of the project or program management plan that describes how a project team will acquire goods and services from outside the performing organization.

Quality Management Plan

A component of the project or program management plan that describes how an organization's quality policies will be implemented.

Requirements Management Plan

A component of the project or program management plan that describes how requirements will be analyzed, documented, and managed.

Change Log

A comprehensive list of changes made during the project. This typically includes dates of the change and impacts in terms of time, cost, and risk.

Business Value

A concept that is unique to each organization and includes tangible and intangible elements. Through the effective use of project, program, and portfolio management disciplines, organizations will possess the ability to employ reliable, established processes to meet enterprise objectives and to obtain greater business value from their investments.

Requirement

A condition or capability that is required to be present in a product, service, or result to satisfy a contract or other formally imposed specification.

Quality Requirement

A condition or capability that will be used to assess conformance by validating the acceptability of an attribute for the quality of a result.

Scatter Diagram

A correlation chart that uses a regression line to explain or to predict how the change in an independent variable will change a dependent variable.

Threshold

A cost, time, quality, technical, or resource value used as a parameter, and which may be included in product specifications. Crossing the threshold should trigger some action, such as generating an exception report.

Forward Pass

A critical path method technique for calculating the early start and early finish dates by working forward through the schedule model from the project start date or a given point in time.

Backward Pass

A critical path method technique for calculating the late start and the late finish dates by working backward through the schedule model from the project end date.

Which of the following events would result in a baseline update

A customer has approved a change request broadening the project scope and increasing the budget

Cause and Effect Diagram

A decomposition technique that helps trace an undesirable effect back to its root cause.

Role

A defined function to be performed by a project team member, such as testing, filing, inspecting, or coding.

Technique

A defined systematic procedure employed by a human resource to perform an activity to produce a product or result or deliver a service, and that may employ one or more tools.

Logical Relationship

A dependency between two activities, or between an activity and a milestone.

Successor Activity

A dependent activity that logically comes after another activity in a schedule

Quality Metrics

A description of a project or product attribute and how to measure it.

Requirements Documentation

A description of how individual requirements meet the business need for the project.

Decision Tree Analysis

A diagramming and calculation technique for evaluating the implications of a chain of multiple options in the presence of uncertainty.

Activity

A distinct, scheduled portion of work performed during a course of a project.

Risk Register

A document in which the results of risk analysis and risk response planning are recorded.

Project Charter

A document issued by the project initiator or sponsor that formally authorizes the existence of a project and provides the project manager with the authority to apply organizational resources to project activities.

Project Organization Chart

A document that graphically depicts the project team members and their interrelationships for a specific project.

WBS Dictionary

A document that provides detailed deliverable, activity, and scheduling information about each component in the work breakdown structure.

Standard

A document that provides, for common and repeated use, rules, guidelines, or characteristics for activities or their results, aimed at the achievement of the optimum degree of order in a given context.

Specification

A document that specifies, in a complete, precise, verifiable manner, the requirements, design, behavior, or other characteristics of a system, component, product, result, or service and procedures for determining whether these provision have been satisfied. Examples are: requirement specification, design specification, product specification and test specification.

Log

A document used to record and describe or denote selected items identified during execution of a process or activity. Usually used with a modifier, such as issue, quality control, action, or defect.

Business Case

A documented economic feasibility study used to establish validity of the benefits of a selected component lacking sufficient definition and that is used as a basis for the authorization of further project management activities.

Project Team Directory

A documented list of project team members, their project roles, and communication information.

Activity List

A documented tabulation of schedule activities that shows the activity description, activity identifier, and a sufficiently detailed scope of work description so project team members understand what work is to be performed.

Quality Function Deployment (QFD)

A facilitated workshop technique that helps to determine critical characteristics for new product development.

Assumption

A factor in the planning process that is considered to be true, real, or certain, without proof or demonstration.

Cost Benefit Analysis

A financial analysis tool used to determine the benefits provided by a project against its costs.

Imposed Date

A fixed date imposed on a schedule activity or schedule milestone, usually in the form of a "start no earlier than" and "finish no later than" date.

Fixed Price with Economic Price Adjustment Contract (FP-EPA)

A fixed-price contract, but with a special provision allowing for predefined final adjustments to the contract price due to changed conditions, such as inflation changes, or cost increases (or decreases) for specific commodities.

Predictive Life Cycle

A form of project life cycle in which the project scope, and the time and cost required to deliver that scope, are determined as early in the life cycle as possible.

Interviews

A formal or informal approach to elicit information from stakeholders by talking to them directly.

Requested Change

A formally documented change request that is submitted for approval to the integrated change control process.

Brainstorming

A general data gathering or creativity technique that can be used to identify risks, ideas or solutions to issues by using a group of team members or subject matter experts.

Control Chart

A graphic display of process data over time and against established control limits, which has a centerline that assists in detecting a trend of plotted values toward either control limit.

Influence Diagram

A graphical representation of situations showing causal influences, time ordering of events, and other relationships among variables and outcomes.

Project Schedule Network Diagram

A graphical representation of the logical relationships among the project schedule activities.

Probability and Impact Matrix

A grid for mapping the probability of each risk occurrence and its impact on project objectives if that risk occurs.

Requirements Traceability Matrix

A grid that links product requirements from their origin to the deliverables that satisfy them.

Responsibility Assignment Matrix (RAM)

A grid that shows the project resources assigned to each work package.

Affinity Diagram

A group creativity technique that allows large numbers of ideas to be classified onto groups for review and analysis.

Dictatorship

A group decision-making technique in which one individual makes the decision for the group.

Project Life Cycle

A group of project phases specified by an organization's project management methodology. representation of typical flow of phases from beginning to end of project

Program

A group of related projects, subprograms, and program activities managed in a coordinated way to obtain benefits not available from managing them individually.

Summary Activity

A group of related schedule activities aggregated and displayed as a single activity.

Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)

A hierarchical decomposition of the total scope of work to be carried out by the project team to accomplish the project objectives and create the required deliverables.

Functional Organization

A hierarchical organization where each employee has one clear superior, and staff are grouped by areas of specialization and managed by a person with expertise in that area.

Resource Breakdown Structure

A hierarchical representation of resources by category and type.

Risk Breakdown Structure (RBS)

A hierarchical representation of risks according to their risk categories.

Organizational Breakdown Structure (OBS)

A hierarchical representation of the project organization that illustrates the relationship between project activities and the organizational units that will perform those activities.

Pareto Diagram

A histogram, ordered by frequency of occurrence, that shows how many results were generated by each identified case.

Quality Management Plan

A key output of the Plan Quality Management process. Describes how the quality policy will be met. Becomes part of overall Project Management Plan

Milestone List

A list identifying all project milestones and normally indicates whether the milestone is mandatory or optional.

Backlog

A listing of product requirements and deliverables to be completed, written as stories, and prioritized by the business to manage and organize the project's work.

Project Management Process Group

A logical grouping of project management inputs, tools and techniques, and outputs. The blanks include initiating processes, planning processes, executing processes, monitoring and controlling processes, and closing processes. Blanks are not project phases.

Finish-to-Finish (FF)

A logical relationship in which a successor activity cannot finish until a predecessor activity has finished.

Start-to-Finish (SF)

A logical relationship in which a successor activity cannot finish until a predecessor activity has started.

Finish-to-Start (FS)

A logical relationship in which a successor activity cannot start until a predecessor activity has finished.

Start-to-Start (SS)

A logical relationship in which a successor activity cannot start until a predecessor activity has started.

Control Account

A management control point where scope, budget, actual cost, and schedule are integrated and compared to earned value for performance measurement.

Velocity

A measure of a team's productivity rate at which the deliverables are produced, validated, and accepted within a predefined interval. Blank is a capacity planning approach frequently used to forecast future project work.

Schedule Performance Index (SPI)

A measure of schedule efficiency expressed as the ratio of earned value to planned value.

Schedule Variance (SV)

A measure of schedule performance expressed as the difference between the earned value and the planned value.

To-Complete Performance Index (TCPI)

A measure of the cost performance that is required to be achieved with the remaining resources in order to meet a specified management foal, expressed as the ratio of the cost to finish the outstanding work to the remaining budge.

Cost of Quality (C0Q)

A method of determining the costs incurred to ensure quality. Prevention and appraisal costs (cost of conformance) include costs for quality planning, quality control (QC), and quality assurance to ensure compliance to requirements. (i.e., training, QC systems, etc.). Failure costs (cost of nonconformance) include costs to rework products, components, or processes that are non-compliant, costs of warranty work and waste, and loss of reputation.

Bottom-Up Estimating

A method of estimating project duration or cost by aggregating the estimates of the lower-level components of the work breakdown structure (WBS).

Prototypes

A method of obtaining early feedback on requirements by providing a working model of the expected product before actually building it.

Critical Path Method (CPM)

A method used to estimate the minimum project duration and determine the amount of scheduling flexibility on the logical network paths within the schedule model

Earned Value Management

A methodology that combines scope, schedule, and resource measurements to assess project performance and progress.

Code of Accounts

A numbering system used to uniquely identify each component of the work breakdown structure (WBS).

Work Authorization

A permission and direction, typically written, to begin work on a specific schedule activity or work package or control account. It is a method for sanctioning project work to ensure that the work is done by the identified organization, at the right time, and the proper sequence.

Sponsor

A person or group who provides resources and support for the project, program, or portfolio and is accountable for enabling success.

What is the minimum a project schedule must include

A planned start date and a planned finish date for each schedule activity

Define Scope Process

A planning process in Scope Management knowledge area to create a detailed understanding of the project's scope

Voice of the Customer

A planning technique used to provide products, services, and results that truly reflect customer requirements by translating those customer requirements into the appropriate technical requirements for each phase of project product development.

Finish Date

A point in time associated with a schedule activity's completion. Usually qualified by one of the following: actual, planned, estimated, scheduled, early late, baseline, target, or current.

Start Date

A point in time associated with a schedule activity's start, usually qualified by one of the following: actual, planned, estimated, scheduled, early, late, target, baseline, or current.

Data Date

A point in time when the status of the project is recorded.

Issue

A point or matter in question or in dispute, or a point or matter that is not settled and is under discussion or over which there are opposing views or disagreements.

Independent Estimates

A process of using a third party to obtain and analyze information to support prediction of cost, schedule, or other items.

Change Control

A process whereby modifications to documents, deliverables, or baselines associated with the project are identified, documented, approved, or rejected.

Monte Carlo Simulation

A process which generates hundreds or thousands of probable performance outcomes based on probability distributions for cost and schedule on individual task.s The outcomes are then used to generate a probability distribution for the project as a whole.

Output

A product, result, or service generated by a process. May be an input to a successor process.

Stakeholder Register

A project document including the identification, assessment, and classification of project stakeholders.

Issue Log

A project document used to document and monitor elements under discussion or in dispute between project stakeholders.

Incremental Life Cycle

A project life cycle where the project scope is generally determined early in the project life cycle, but time and cost estimates are routinely modified as the project team's understanding of the product increases. Iterations develop the product through a series of repeated cycles, while increments successively add to the functionality of the product.

Adaptive Life Cycle

A project life cycle, also known as change-driven or agile methods, that is intended to facilitate change and require a high degree of ongoing stakeholder involvement. Blank are also iterative and incremental, but differ in that iterations are very rapid (usually 2-4 weeks in length) and are fixed in time and resources.

Central Tendency

A property of the central limit theorem predicting that the data observations in a distribution will tend to group around a central location. The three typical measures of blank are the mean, medium, and mode.

Seller

A provider or supplier of products, services, or results to an organization.

Reserve

A provision in the project management plan to mitigate cost and/or schedule risk. Often used with a modifier (e.g., management reserve, contingency reserve) to provide further detail on what types of risk are meant to be mitigated.

Matrix Diagrams

A quality management and control tool used to perform data analysis within the organizational structure created in the matrix. The blank seeks to show the strength of relationship between factors, causes, and objectives that exist between the rows and columns that form the matrix.

Prioritization Matrices

A quality management planning tool used to identify key issues and evaluate suitable alternatives to define a set of implementation priorities.

Interrelationship Diagraphs

A quality management planning tool, the blank provide a process for creative problem-solving in moderately complex scenarios that possess intertwined logical relationships.

Estimate

A quantitative assessment of the likely amount or outcome. Usually applied to project costs, resources, effort, and durations and is usually preceded by a modifier (i.e., preliminary, conceptual, feasibility, order-of-magnitude, definitive). It should always include some indication of accuracy (e.g., + or - x percent). See also budget and cost.

Sensitivity Analysis

A quantitative risk analysis and modeling technique used to help determine which risks have the most potential impact on the project. It examines the extent to which the uncertainty of each project element affects the objective being examined when all other uncertain elements are held at their baseline values. The typical display of results is in the form of a tornado diagram.

Statistical Sampling

A random sample is selected instead of measuring the entire population.

External Dependency

A relationship between project activities and non-project activities.

Path Convergence

A relationship in which a schedule activity has more than one predecessor.

Path Divergence

A relationship in which a schedule activity has more than one successor.

Mandatory Dependency

A relationship that is contractually required or inherent in the nature of the work.

Discretionary Dependency

A relationship that is established based on knowledge of best practices within a particular application area or an aspect of the project where a specific sequence is desired.

Claim

A request, demand, or assertion of rights by a seller against a buyer, or vice versa, for consideration, compensation, or payment under the terms of a legally binding contract, such as for a disputed change.

Workaround

A response to a threat that has occurred, for which a prior response had not been planned or was not effective.

Risk Transference

A risk response strategy whereby the project team shifts the impact of a threat to a third party, together with ownership of the response.

Secondary Risk

A risk that arises as a direct result of implementing a risk response.

Residual Risk

A risk that remains after risk responses have been implemented.

Opportunity

A risk that would have a positive effect on one or more project objectives.

Threat

A risk that would have negative effect on one or more project objectives.

Near-Critital Activity

A schedule activity that has low total float. The concept of near-critital is equally applicable to a schedule activity or schedule network path. The limit below which total float is considered near critical is subject to expert judgment and varies from project to project.

Fast Tracking

A schedule compression technique in which activities or phases normally done in sequence are performed in parallel for at least a portion of their duration.

Critical Chain Method

A schedule method that allows the project team to place buffers on any project schedule path to account for limited resources and project uncertainties.

What is the critical chain method

A schedule network analysis technique that modifies the project schedule to account for limited

Schedule Network Templates

A set of activities and relationships that have been established that can be used repeatedly for a particular application area or an aspect of the project where a prescribed sequence is desired.

Incentive Fee

A set of financial incentives related to cost, schedule, or technical performance of the seller.

Project Team

A set of individuals who support the project manager in performing the work of the project to achieve its objectives.

A process is defined as

A set of interrelated actions and activities performed to achieve a certain objective

Change Control System

A set of procedures that describes how modifications to the project deliverables and documentation are managed and controlled.

Additional Quality Planning Tools

A set of tools used to define the quality requirements and to plan effective quality management activities. They include, but are not limited to: brainstorming, force field analysis, nominal group techniques and quality management control tools.

Activity Identifier

A short, unique numeric or text identification assigned to each schedule activity to differentiate that project activity from other activities. Typically unique within any one project schedule network diagram.

Which of the following statements is true regarding project and product lifecycles

A single product lifecycle may consist of multiple project lifecycles

Subproject

A smaller portion of the overall project created when a project is subdivided into more manageable components or pieces.

Histogram

A special form of bar chart used to describe the central tendency, dispersion and shape of a statistical distribution.

Tornado Diagram

A special type of bar chart used in sensitivity analysis for comparing the relative importance of the variables.

An input to the Plan Procurement Management process is:

A stakeholder register.

Seven Basic Quality Tools

A standard toolkit used by quality management professionals who are responsible for planning, monitoring, and controlling the issues related to quality in an organization.

Expected Monetary Value (EMV) Analysis

A statistical technique that calculates the average outcome when the future includes scenarios that may or may not happen. A common use of this technique is within decision tree analysis.

Lessons Learned Knowledge Base

A store of historical information and lessons learned about both the outcomes of previous project selection decision and previous project performance.

Policy

A structured pattern of actions adopted by an organization such that the organization's policy can be explained as a set of basic principles that govern the organization's conduct.

Procurement Performance Reviews

A structured review of the seller's progress to deliver project scope and quality, within cost and on schedule, as compared to the contract.

Subnetwork

A subdivision (fragment) of a project schedule network diagram, usually representing a subproject or a work package. Often used to illustrate or study some potential or proposed schedule condition, such as changes in preferential schedule logic or project scope.

Process Improvement Plan

A subsidiary plan of the project management plan. It details the steps for analyzing processes to identify activities that enhance their value.

Work Authorization System

A subsystem of the overall project management system. It is a collection of formal documented procedures that defines how project work will be authorized (committed) to ensure that the work is done by the identified organization, at the right time, and in the proper sequence. It includes the steps, documents, tracking system, and defined approval levels needed to issue work authorization.

Configuration Management System

A subsystem of the overall project management system. It is a collection of formal documented procedures used to apply technical and administrative directions and surveillance to: identify and document the functional characteristics of a product, result, service, or component; control and changes to such characteristics; record and report each change and its implementation status; and support the audit of the products, results, or components to verify conformance to requirements. It includes the documentation, tracking systems, and defined approval levels necessary for authorizing and controlling changes.

Tree Diagram

A systematic diagram of a decomposition hierarchy used to visualize as parent-to-child relationships a systematic set of rules.

Communication Methods

A systematic procedure, technique, or process used to transfer information among project stakeholders.

Process

A systematic series of activities directed towards causing an end result such that one or more inputs will be acted upon to create one or more outputs.

Resource Leveling

A technique in which start and finish dates are adjusted based on resource constraints with the goal of balancing demand for resources with the available supply.

Stakeholder Analysis

A technique of systematically gathering and analyzing quantitative and qualitative information to determine whose interest should be taken into account throughout the project.

Nominal Group Technique

A technique that enhances brainstorming with a voting process used to rank the most useful ideas for further brainstorming or for prioritization.

Assumptions Analysis

A technique that explores the accuracy of assumptions and identifies risks to the project from inaccuracy, inconsistency, or incompleteness of assumptions.

Applying Leads and Lags

A technique that is used to adjust the amount of time between predecessor and successor activities.

Resource Optimization Techniques

A technique that is used to adjust the start and finish dates of activities that adjust planned resource used to be equal to or less than resource availability.

Performance Reviews

A technique that is used to measure, compare, and analyze actual performance of work in progress on the project against the baseline.

Observations

A technique that provides a direct way of viewing individuals in their environment performing their jobs or task and carrying out processes.

Precedence Diagram Method (PDM)

A technique used for constructing a schedule model in which activities are represented by nodes and are graphically linked by one or more logical relationships to show the sequence in which the activities are to be performed.

Decomposition

A technique used for dividing and subdividing the project scope and project deliverables into smaller, more manageable parts.

Alternatives Generation

A technique used to develop as many potential options as possible in order to identify different approaches to execute and perform the work of the project.

Three-Point Estimate

A technique used to estimate cost or duration by applying an average of optimistic, pessimistic, and most likely estimates when there is uncertainty with individual activity estimates.

Project

A temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product, service, or result.

Scheduling Tool

A tool that provides schedule component names, definitions, structural relationships, and formats that support the application of a scheduling method.

Cost-Reimbursable Contract

A type of contract involving payment to the seller for the seller's actual costs, plus a fee typically representing seller's profit. Blanks often include incentive clauses where, if the seller meet or exceeds selected project objectives, such as schedule targets or total cost, then the seller receives from the buyer an incentive or bonus payment.

Time and Material Contract (T&M)

A type of contract that is a hybrid contractual arrangement containing aspects of both cost-reimbursable and fixed-price contracts. Blanks resemble cost-reimbursable type arrangements in that they have no definitive end, because the full value of the arrangement is not defined at the time of the award. Thus, blanks can grow in contract value as if they were cost-reimbursable-type arrangements. Conversely time and material arrangements can also resemble fixed-price arrangements. For example, the unit rates are preset by the buyer and seller, when both parties agree on the rates for the category of senior engineers.

Fixed Price Incentive Fee Contract (FPIC)

A type of contract where the buyer pays the seller a set amount (as defined by the contract) and the seller can earn an additional amount if the seller meets defined performance criteria.

Cost Plus Fixed Fee Contract (CPFF)

A type of cost-reimbursable contract where the buyer reimburses the seller for the seller's allowable costs (allowable costs are defined by the contract) plus a fixed amount of profit (fee).

Cost Plus Incentive Fee Contract (CPIF)

A type of cost-reimbursable contract where the buyer reimburses the seller for the seller's allowable costs (allowable costs are defined by the contract), and the seller earns its profit if it meets defined performance criteria.

Firm-Fixed-Price Contract (FFP)

A type of fixed price contract where the buyer pays the seller a set amount (as defined by the contract), regardless of the seller's costs.

Request for Quotation (RFQ)

A type of procurement document used to request price quotations from prospective sellers of common or standard products or services. Sometimes used in place of request for proposal and, in some application areas, it may have a narrower or more specific meaning.

Request for Information (RFI)

A type of procurement document whereby the buyer requests a potential seller to provide various pieces of information related to a product or service or seller capability.

Context Diagrams

A visual depiction of the project scope showing a business system (process, equipment, computer system, etc.) and how people and other systems (actors) interact with it.

Mulit-Criteria Decision Analysis

A weighted matrix used to objectively score potential candidates on various factors that matter the most to the project. Criteria and weightings are determined then candidates ares scored against them, with the highest-scoring candidate being selected for the position.

Planning Package

A work breakdown structure component below the control account with known work content but without detailed schedule activities.

The following is a network diagram for a projectWhat is the critical path for the project

A-B-C-F-G-I

Estimate at Completion (EAC), Atypical Variances

AC + (BAC - EV) - Calculates actual costs to date plus remaining budget; used when current variance are thought to be atypical of the future; essentially AC plus the remaining value of work to perform

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

Abraham Maslow -grouped human needs into five categories. Theory states that these needs form hierarchy. Needs at bottom must be satisfied before upper needs will surface. People cannot reach their full potential if they do not have sufficient food or safety. physiological > security > acceptance > esteem > self-actualization

Which risk response strategy is common for both positive and negative risks

Accept

Which activity may occur at project or phase closure

Acceptance of deliverables

Scope verification is PRIMARILY concerned with which of the following

Acceptance of the work deliverables

Key output of Validate Scope process

Accepted Deliverables

Key inputs to Close Project or Phase Process

Accepted Deliverables PM Plan

In input to Close Project or Phase is

Accepted deliverables

Inputs to close project or phase

Accepted deliverables

Which term describes an assessment of correctness

Accuracy

The process of confirming human resource availability and obtaining the team necessary to complete project activities is known as:

Acquire Project Team.

Executing + human resources management

Acquire, develop, manage project team

Main output of Estimate Costs

Activity Cost Estimates

Key output of process Estimate Activity Durations

Activity Duration Estimates

Key outputs of process Define Activities

Activity List Milestone List

Key output of Define Activities process

Activity List, Activity attributes

Which Define Activities output extends the description of the activity by identifying the multiple components associated with each activity

Activity attributes

An input of the Plan Procurement Management process is

Activity cost estimates

Which output of Project Cost Management consists of quantitative assessments of the probable costs required to complete project work

Activity cost estimates

Key output for Estimate activity Durations

Activity duration estimates

Key output of Estimate Activity Durations process

Activity duration estimates

Which of the following is an output of the Define Activities process

Activity list

Key output for Define Activities

Activity list, Activity attributes

Key output for Estimate Activity Resources

Activity resource requirements, Resource breakdown structure

The precedence diagramming method (PDM) is also known as

Activity-On-Node (AON).

AC

Actual Cost Total cost actually incurred for work that has been performed

Project buffer

Added at the end of critical chain

Crashing

Adding resources to a project activity so it will be completed more quickly. Adds cost, gets done quick.

Ensuring that both parties meet contractual obligations and that their own legal rights are protected is a function of

Administer Procurements

Managing procurement relationships and monitoring contract performance are part of which process

Administer Procurements

To which process is work performance information an input

Administer Procurements

7 Quality Management & Control Tools

Affinity Diagrams PDPC (Process Decision Program Charts) Interrelationship Diagrams Tree Diagrams Matrix Diagrams Activity Network Diagrams Prioritization Matrices auditmaps

Which tool or technique allows a large number of ideas to be classified into groups for review and analysis?

Affinity diagram

Which of the Perform Quality Assurance tools and techniques may enhance the creation of the work breakdown structure (VVBS) to give structure to the decomposition of the scope

Affinity diagrams

Which quality planning tools and techniques are used to visually identify logical groupings based on natural relationships

Affinity diagrams

When would resource leveling be applied to a schedule model

After it has been analyzed by the critical path method

System

All formal procedures and tools put in place to manage something

What scope definition technique is used to generate different approaches to execute and perform the work of the project

Alternatives identification

Which is the Define Scope technique used to generate different approaches to execute and perform the work of the project

Alternatives identification

"In a project, total float measures the "

Amount of time an activity can be extended or delayed without altering the project finish date

Discrete Effort

An activity that can be planned and measured and that yields a specific output. (Note: Blank is one of three earned value management (EVM) types of activities used to measure work performance).

Level of Effort (LOE)

An activity that does not produce definitive end products and is measured by the passage of time (Note: Blank is one of the three earned valued management (EVM) types of activities used to measure work performance.)

Apportioned Effort

An activity where effort is allotted proportionately across certain discreet efforts and not divisible into discreet efforts. (Note: blank is one of three earned value management (EVM) types of activities used to measure work performance).

Variation

An actual condition that is different from the expected condition that is contained in the baseline plan.

Management Reserve

An amount of the project budget withheld for management control purposes. These are budgets reserved for unforeseen work that is within scope of the project. The management reserve is not included in the performance measurement baseline (PMB).

Regression Analysis

An analytic technique where a series of input variables are examined in relation to their corresponding output results in order to develop a mathematical or statistical relationship.

Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA)

An analytical procedure in which each potential failure mode in every component of a product is analyzed to determine its effect on the reliability of that component and, by itself or in combination with other possible failure modes, on the reliability of the product or system and on the required function of the component; or the examination of a product (at the system and/or lower levels) for all ways that a failure may occur. For each potential failure, an estimate is made of its effect on the total system and of its impact. In addition, a review is undertaken of the action planned to minimize the probability of failure and to minimize its effects.

Trend Analysis

An analytical technique that uses mathematical models to forecast future outcomes based on historical results. It is a method of determining the variance from a vaseline of a budge, cost, schedule, or scope parameter by using prior progress reporting periods' data and projecting how much that parameter's variance from baseline might be at some future point in the project if no changes are made in executing the project.

Reserve Analysis

An analytical technique to determine the essential features and relationships of components in the project management plan to establish a reserve for the schedule duration, budget, estimated cost, or funds for a project.

Communication Requirements Analysis

An analytical technique to determine the information needs of the project stakeholders through interviews, workshops, study of lessons learned from previous projects, etc.

Root Cause Analysis

An analytical technique used to determine the basic underlying reason that causes a variance or a defect or a risk. A root cause may underlie more than one variance or defect or risk.

Value Engineering

An approach used to optimize project life cycle costs, save time, increase profits, improve quality, expand market share, solve problems, and/or use resources more effectively.

Performance Measurement Baseline (PMB)

An approved, integrated scope-schedule-cost plan for the project work against which project execution is compared to measure and manage performance. The blank includes contingency reserve, but excludes management reserve.

Product

An artifact that is produced, is quantifiable, and can be either an end item in itself or a component item. Additional words for blank are material and goods. Contrast with result.

Responsibility

An assignment that can be delegated within a project management plan such that the requirement for resources on the project do not exceed certain predefined resource limits.

Weighted Milestone Method

An earned value method that divides a work package into measurable segments, each ending with an observable milestone, and then assigns a weighted value to the achievement of each milestone.

Document Analysis

An elicitation technique that analyzes existing documentation and identifies information relevant to the requirements.

Focus Groups

An elicitation technique that brings together prequalified stakeholders and subject matter experts to learn about their expectations and attitudes about a proposed product, service, or result.

Facilitated Workshops

An elicitation technique using focus sessions that bring key cross-functional stakeholders together to define product requirements.

Performing Organization

An enterprise whose personnel are most directly involved in doing the work of the project or program.

Work Breakdown Structure Component

An entry in the work breakdown structure that can be at any level.

Procedure

An established method of accomplishing a consistent performance or result, a procedure typically can be described as the sequence of steps that will be used to execute a process.

Percent Complete

An estimate expressed as a percent of the amount of work that has been completed on an activity or a work breakdown structure component.

Most Likely Duration

An estimate of the most probable activity duration that takes into account all of the known variables that could affect performance.

Optimistic Duration

An estimate of the shortest activity duration that takes into account all of the known variables that could affect performance.

Forecast

An estimate or prediction of conditions and events in the project's future based on information and knowledge available at the time of the forecast. The information is based on the project's past performance and expected future performance, and includes information that could impact the project in the future such as estimate at completion and estimate to complete.

Parametric Estimating

An estimating technique in which an algorithm is used to calculate cost or duration based on historical data and project parameters.

Contingency

An event or occurrence that can affect the execution of the project that may be accounted for with a reserve.

Project Management Knowledge Area

An identified area of project management defined by its knowledge requirements and described in terms of its component processes, practices inputs, outputs, tools, and techniques.

Project Management Body of Knowledge

An inclusive term that describes the sum of knowledge within the profession of project management. As with other professions, such as law, medicine, and accounting, the body of knowledge rests with the practitioners and academics that apply and advance it. The complete blank includes proven traditional practices that are widely applied and innovative practices that are emerging in the profession. The body of knowledge includes both published and unpublished materials. This body of knowledge is constantly evolving. PMI's blank guide identifies a subset of the blank that is generally recognized as good practice.

Stakeholder

An individual, group, or organization who may affect, be affected by, or perceive itself to be affected by a decision, activity, or outcome of a project.

Delphi Technique

An information gathering technique used as a way to reach a consensus of experts on a subject Experts on the subject participate in this technique anonymously. A facilitator uses a questionnaire to solicit ideas about the important project points related to the subject The response are summarized and are then recirculated to the experts for further comment. Consensus may be reached in a few rounds of this process.. The blank technique helps reduce bias in the data and keeps any one person rom having undue influence on the outcome.

Project Management Information System

An information system consisting of the tools and techniques used to gather, integrate, and disseminate the outputs of project management processes. It is used to support all aspects of the project from initiating through closing, and can include both manual and automated systems.

Preventive Action

An intentional activity that ensures the future performance of the project work is aligned with the project management plan.

Corrective Action

An intentional activity that realigns the performance of the project work with the project management plan.

Defect Repair

An intentional activity to modify a nonconforming product or product component.

Progressive Elaboration

An iterative approach where planning occurs in cycles rather than up front. All project details are not known at the beginning of the projects. Plans revised and iteratively refined. characteristics of project emerge overtime.

Rolling Wave Planning

An iterative planning technique in which the work to be accomplished in the near term is planned in detail, while the work in the future is planned at a higher level.

Guideline

An official recommendation or advice that indicates policies, standards, or procedures for how something should be accomplished.

Methodology

An organization's specific implementation of project processes; a set of steps to manage a project.

Colocation

An organizational placement strategy where the project team members are physically located close to one another in order to improve communication, working relationships, and productivity.

Project Management Office (PMO)

An organizational structure that standardizes the project-related governance processes and facilitates the sharing of resources, methodologies, tools, and techniques.

Result

An output from performing project management processes and activities. Blanks include outcomes (e.g., integrated systems, revised process, restructured organization, tests, trained personnel, etc.) and documents (e.g., policies, plans, studies, procedures, specifications, reports, etc.). Contrasts with product.

Project Schedule

An output of a schedule model that presents linked activities with planned dates, durations, milestones, and resources.

Risk

An uncertain event or condition that, if it occurs, has a positive or negative effect on one or more project objectives.

"Using values such as scope, cost, budget, and duration or measures of scale such as size, weight, and complexity from a previous similar project as the basis for estimating the same parameter or measurement for a current project describes which type of estimating?"

Analogous

Which estimating technique uses the actual costs of previous similar projects as a basis for estimating the costs of the current project

Analogous

Which of the following is an estimating technique that uses the values of parameters from previous similar projects for estimating the same parameter or measure for a current project

Analogous estimating

SWOT Analysis

Analysis of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of an organization, project, or option.

"Regression analysis, failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA), fault tree analysis (FTA), and trend analysis are examples of which tool or technique?"

Analytical techniques

Which Plan Schedule Management tool or technique may involve choosing strategic options to estimate and schedule the project?

Analytical techniques

"Payback period, return on investment, internal rate of return, discounted cash flow, and net present value are all examples of:"

Analytical techniques.

Critical Path Activity

Any activity on the critical path in a project schedule.

Scope Change

Any change to the project scope. A scope change almost always requires an adjustment to the project cost or schedule.

Network Path

Any continuous series of schedule activities connected with logical relationships in a project schedule network diagram.

Agreements

Any document or communication that defines the initial intentions of a project. This can take the form of a contract, memorandum of understanding (MOU), letters of agreement, verbal agreements, email, etc.

Stakeholder

Any individual or business that may be positively or negatively affected by the project

Input

Any item, whether internal or external to the project that is required by a process before that process proceeds. May be an output from a predecessor process.

Projectized Organization

Any organizational structure in which the project manager has full authority to assign priorities, apply resources, and direct the work of persons assigned to the project.

Time-Scaled Schedule Network Diagram

Any project schedule network diagram drawn in such a way that the positioning and length of the schedule activity represents its duration. Essentially, it is a bar chart that includes schedule network logic.

Deliverable

Any unique and verifiable product, result, or capability to perform a service that is required to be produced to complete a process phase, or project.

Project management processes are

Applied globally and across all industry groups.

Testing falls into which of the following categories of cost of quality

Appraisal costs

Diagramming Techniques

Approaches to presenting information with logical linkages that aid in understanding.

Which of the following is an input to Direct and Manage Project Execution

Approved change requests

Which of the following is an input to the Direct and Manage Project Execution process

Approved change requests

When are deliverables accepted or not accepted

As an output of the scope verification process

Actual Cost (AC) Meaning

As of today, what is the actual cost incurred for the work accomplished?

Earned Value (EV) Meaning

As of today, what is the estimated value of the work actually accomplished?

Planned Value (PV) Meaning

As of today, what is the estimated value of the work planned to be done?

What are assigned risk ratings based upon

Assessed probability and impact

Straight-Line Depreciation

Asset Value/Life of Asset

Which is an example of Administer Procurements

Authorizing contractor work

Which of the following is an example of contract administration

Authorizing contractor work

Plan Communications Management develops an approach and plan for project communications based on stakeholders' needs and requirements and

Available organizational assets

Strategies for negative risks or threats

Avoid Transfer Mitigate Accept

Which technique should a project manager use in a situation in which a collaborative approach to conflict management is not possible

Avoidance

Which of the following is the correct network diagram for the table

Begin-A-C-D-E-End-B-D

Which tool and technique of quality planning involves comparing actual or planned practices to those of other projects to generate ideas for improvement and provide a basis by which to measure performance

Benchmarking

Which tool or technique of Plan Quality involves comparing actual or planned practices to those of other projects to generate ideas for improvement and provide a basis by which to measure performance

Benchmarking

What is the tool and technique used to request seller responses

Bidder conferences

Which of the following is a tool or technique for the Plan Procurements process

Bidder conferences

Which tool and technique is used in Conduct Procurements

Bidder conferences

Benefit Cost Ratio Interpretation

Bigger is better ((BCR or Benefit / Cost) revenue or payback VS. cost) Or PV or Revenue / PV of Cost

Project Quality Management

Blank includes the processes and activities of the performing organization that determine quality policies, objectives, and responsibilities so that the project will satisfy the needs for which it was undertaken.

Project Integration Management

Blank includes the processes and activities to identify, define, combine, unify, and coordinate the various processes and project management activities within the Project Management Process Groups.

Project Cost Management

Blank includes the processes involved in planning, estimating, budgeting, financing, funding, managing, and controlling costs so that the project can be completed within the approved budget.

Project Scope Management

Blank includes the processes required to ensure that the project includes all the work required, and only the work required, to complete the project successfully.

Project Stakeholder Management

Blank includes the processes required to identify the people, groups, or organizations that could impact or be impacted by the project, to analyze stakeholder expectations and their impact on the project, and to develop appropriate management strategies for effectively engaging stakeholders in project decisions and execution.

Project Time Management

Blank includes the processes required to manage the timely completion of the project.

Project Communications Management

Blank includes the processes that are required to ensure timely and appropriate planning, collections, creation, distribution, storage, retrieval, management, control, monitoring, and the ultimate disposition of project information.

Project Human Resource Management

Blank includes the processes that organize, manage, and lead a project team.

Project Procurement Management

Blank includes the processes to purchase or acquire products, services, or results needed from outside the project team.

Benchmarking

Blank is the comparison of actual or planned practices, such as processes and operations, to those of comparible organizations to identify best practices, generate ideas for improvement, and provide a basis for measuring performance.

Risk Reassessment

Blank is the identification of new risks, reassessment of current risks, and the closing of risks that are outdated.

Customer

Blank is the person(s) or organization(s) that will pay for the project's product, service, or result. Blanks can be internal or external to the performing organization.

Expert Judgement

Blank provided based upon expertise in nan application area, knowledge area, discipline, industry, etc, as appropriate for the activity being performed. Such expertise may be provided by any group or person with specialize education, knowledge, skill, experience, or training.

Fallback Plan

Blanks include an alternative et of actions and tasks available in the event that the primary plan needs to be abandoned because of issues, risks, or other causes.

Matrix Organization

Blend of functional and projectized

"When an activity cannot be estimated with a reasonable degree of confidence, the work within the activity is decomposed into more detail using which type of estimating "

Bottom-up

Which of the following is an information gathering technique in Identify Risks

Brainstorming

Nominal group technique

Brainstorming with the voting process. Ranking ideas and strongest to weakest

Break-even analysis (Meaning)

Break-even analysis is a tool used to calculate the duration and the revenue that would need to be generated to exceed the costs incurred on a project.

BAC

Budget At Completion Total cost baseline for project

Contingency Reserve

Budget within the cost baseline or performance measurement baseline that is allocated for identified risks that are accepted and for which contingent and mitigating responses are developed.

Which document describes the necessary information to determine if a project is worth the required investment?

Business case

Which of the following is an input to the Develop Project Charter process

Business case

An input to Develop Project Charter is a/an:

Business case.

Requirements documentation will typically contain at least

Business objectives stakeholder impact and functional requirements.

External organizations that have a special relationship with the enterprise and provide specialized expertise are called

Business partners

Project coordinator

Cannot make major decisions that can assign resources

Inspection

Catching the errors that have occurred before they impart other outside the project

Which is the correct formula for calculating expected activity cost for three-point estimating

Ce = (C0 + 4Cm + Cp)/6

Key outputs of Perform Integrated Change Control Process

Change Log Approved Change Requests

Which two of 16 plans are created in the process of Develop Project Management Plan?

Change Management Plan and Configuration Management Plan.

Specification of both the deliverables and the processes is the focus of

Change control

"Which group is formally chartered and responsible for reviewing, evaluating, approving, delaying, or rejecting changes to the project and for recording and communicating decisions?"

Change control board

Who is responsible for reviewing change requests and approving or rejecting the change requests

Change control board

Which tool or technique is used to manage change requests and the resulting decisions?

Change control tools

Which input to the Manage Stakeholder Engagement process is used to document changes that occur during the project?

Change log

"Which item is a formal proposal to modify any document, deliverable, or baseline?"

Change request

What causes replanning of the project scope

Change requests

Which of the following is an output from Control Scope

Change requests

Which of the following is an output of the Monitor and Control Project Work process

Change requests

Key outputs from Monitor and Control Project Work Process

Change requests Work Performance Reports

Outputs to monitor and control project work

Change requests Change log

What are common outputs?

Change requests, work performance data, work performance information, work performance report, updates.

An output of the Validate Scope process is:

Change requests.

Which basic quality tool is most useful when gathering attributes data in an inspection to identify defects?

Checksheets

Which of the seven basic quality tools is especially useful for gathering attributes data while performing inspections to identify defects

Checksheets

Statistical Sampling

Choosing part of a population of interest for inspection.

"When alternative dispute resolution (ADR) is necessary, which tool or technique should be utilized?"

Claims administration

"When managing a project team, what helps to reduce the amount of conflict "

Clear role definition

"Procurement audits, negotiated settlements, and a records management system are tools and techniques used in which Procurement Management process "

Close Procurements

"Updates to organizational process assets such as procurement files, deliverable acceptances, and lessons learned documentation are typical outputs of which process?"

Close Procurements

The procurement process that documents agreements and related documentation for future reference is known as

Close Procurements

Two Processes that take place in closing

Close Project or Phase (Integration) Close Procurements (Procurement)

Closing + procurement management

Close procurements

Closing + integration management

Close project or phase

In which Process Group are lessons learned documented?

Closing

Lessons learned are created and project resources are released in which Process Group?

Closing

Lessons learned documentation is gathered during which of the following Project Management Process Groups

Closing

Which process group contains the processes performed to finalize all activities

Closing Process Group

Close Project or Phase Process

Closing process in Integration knowledge area.

What is a tool to improve team performance

Co-location

"Requirements documentation, requirements management plan, and requirements traceability matrix are all outputs of which process "

Collect Requirements

"Which process involves determining, documenting, and managing stakeholders' needs and requirements to meet project objectives "

Collect Requirements

Monitor

Collect project performance data with respect to a plan, produce performance measures and report and disseminate performance information.

Quantitative Risk Analysis and Modeling Techniques

Commonly used techniques for both event-oriented and project-oriented analysis approaches.

"In a typical project, project managers spend most of their time "

Communicating

Which tool or technique is used in Manage Stakeholder Expectations

Communication methods

Which Manage Communications tool or technique focuses on identifying and managing barriers

Communication models

"In Plan Risk Management, which of the management plans determines who will be available to share information on various risks and responses at different times and locations "

Communications

"While preparing the project management plan on a weekly basis, the project manager indicates the intention to provide an issues report to the staff via e-mailIn which part of the plan will this type of information be included "

Communications management plan

A project manager should document the escalation path for unresolved project risks in the:

Communications management plan

Benchmarking

Compare past, current or future activities/process is to establish best actresses and create new ideas for improvement

Control

Comparing actual performance with planned performance, analyzing variances, assessing trends to effect process improvements, evaluating possible alternatives, and recommending appropriate corrective action as needed.

"When addressing roles and responsibilities,which item ensures that the staff has the skills required to complete project activities "

Competency

Verified Deliverables

Completed project deliverables that have been checked and confirmed for correctness through the Control Quality process.

Standard

Compliance is standard, but not mandatory.

Which conflict resolution technique searches for solutions that bring some degree of satisfaction to all parties in order to temporarily or partially resolve the conflict

Compromise/reconcile

Plan Risk Management Process

Concerned only with creating the risk management plan. Where the remaining five risk management processes are planned. General and high-level in nature. Takes place very early because it can significantly influence decisions made about scope, time, cost, quality, and procurement.

Enterprise Environmental Factors

Conditions, not under the immediate control of the team, that influence, constrain, or direct the project, program, or portfolio.

"The process of obtaining seller responses, selecting a seller, and awarding a contract is called "

Conduct Procurements

Analytical techniques are a tool and technique of which process in Project Procurement Management

Conduct Procurements

Which of the following procurement processes results in the awarding of a procurement contract

Conduct Procurements

Seller Proposals are inputs to:

Conduct Procurements Process

Which action should a project manager take to ensure that the project management plan is effective and current

Conduct periodic project performance reviews

Executing + procurement management

Conduct procurement

Plan Risk Management is the process of defining how to

Conduct risk management activities for a project

Which activity involves ensuring that the composition of a projects configuration items is correct

Configuration Verification and Audit

Gestión Estratégica y Negocios

Conocimiento del negocio Finanzas Funciones operacionales Planeamiento Estratégico Gestión contractual Manejo de la complejidad

Life Cycle Costing

Considering the overall costs of a project during and after it's completion

Which statement is true about the project management body of knowledge

Constantly evolving

What characteristic do project and operational work share in common

Constrained by limited resources

Which characteristic do projects and operational work share in common

Constrained by limited resources

Team Role: Harmonizers

Constructive team role - Someone who enhances information in such a way that understanding is increased.

Team Role: Clarifiers

Constructive team role - Someone who works to make certain that everyone's understanding of the project is the smae. Ensures that everyone has a common understanding of goals and details.

Team Role: Encouragers

Constructive team role - Team members who maintain a positive and realistic attitude, focus on what can be accomplished. Contributes to team morale.

Team Role: Summarizers

Constructive team role - Team members who take the details and restate them succinctly or relate them back to the big picture. Can keep things simple enough for everyone to understand the higher purpose of the tasks.

Team Role: Information Seekers

Constructive team role - people on team who actively seek to gain more knowledge and understanding related to project. Positive role because fostering an understanding among the team is important.

Team Role: Initiators

Constructive team role - someone who actively initiates ideas and activities on a project. Proactive and highly productive.

Team Role: Information Givers

Constructive team role - someone who openly shares information with the team.

Enterprise environmental Factors

Context for project. Organization's culture, industry standards, market place conditions, legal restrictions, etc

Stakeholders can be identified in later stages of the project because the Identify Stakeholders process should be

Continuous

Kaizen

Continuous Improvement Stresses constant process improvement, in the form of small changes in products or services.

What defines the portion of work included in a contract for items being purchased or acquired

Contract Statement of Work (SOW)

To which process is work performance information an input

Contract administration

Which type of control tool identifies whether or not a process has a predictable performance

Control Charts

Which process involves monitoring the status of the project to update the project costs and managing changes to the cost baseline?

Control Costs

Which process occurs within the Monitoring and Controlling Process Group

Control Costs

Work performance information and cost forecasts are outputs of which Project Cost Management process

Control Costs

Reserve analysis is a tool and technique used in which process?

Control Risks

Variance and trend analysis is a tool and technique used in which process

Control Risks

The process of monitoring the status of the project to update project progress and manage changes to the schedule baseline is

Control Schedule

The process of monitoring the status of the project and product scope as well as managing the changes to the scope baseline is known as

Control Scope

Which process is responsible for monitoring the status of the project and product scope and managing changes to the scope baseline

Control Scope

Which of the following are placed at selected points in the work breakdown structure (WBS) for performance measurement

Control accounts

Which quality tool incorporates the upper and lower specification limits allowed within an agreement

Control chart

Which tool within the Perform Quality Control process identifies whether or not a process has a predictable performance

Control charts

Monitoring and controlling + Communication management

Control communications

Monitoring and controlling + procurement management

Control procurements

Monitoring and controlling + quality management

Control quality

Monitoring and controlling + risk management

Control risk

Monitoring controlling + time management

Control schedule

Monitoring and controlling + stakeholder management

Control stakeholders engagement

Organizational process assets can be divided into which of the following two categories

Corporate knowledge base and processes and procedures

Which change request is an intentional activity that realigns the performance of the project work with the project management plan

Corrective action

Which of the following change requests can bring expected future performance of the project work in line with the project management plan

Corrective action

Main output of Determine Budget

Cost Baseline Funding Requirements

Cost baseline is an output of which of the following processes

Cost Budgeting

Main output of Plan Cost Management

Cost Management Plan

"Under which type of contract does the seller receive reimbursement for all allowable costs for performing contract work, as well as a fixed-fee payment calculated as a percentage of the initial estimated project costs "

Cost Plus Fixed Fee Contract (CPFF)

The contract in which the seller is reimbursed for all allowable costs for performing the contract work and then receives a fee based upon achieving certain performance objectives is called a

Cost Plus Incentive Fee Contract (CPIF)

Which output is the approved version of the time-phased project budget

Cost baseline

Which process involves aggregating the estimated costs of the individual schedule activities or work packages

Cost budgeting

"Units of measure, level of precision, level of accuracy, control thresholds, and rules of performance measurement are examples of items that are established in the:"

Cost management plan.

CoPQ

Cost of Poor Quality

COQ

Cost of Quality - looks at all of the costs that will be realized in order to achieve quality. You pay either way, good or bad quality

Which of the following factors is lowest at the start of the project

Cost of changes

An element of the modern quality management approach used to achieve compatibility with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) is known as

Cost of quality

Which earned value management (EVM) metric is a measure of the cost efficiency of budgeted resources expressed as a ratio of earned value (EV) to actual cost (AC) and is considered a critical EVM metric?

Cost performance index (CPI)

Which of the following is a measure of the value of work completed compared to the actual cost or progress made on the project

Cost performance index (CPI)

What does a CPI value greater than 1.0 indicate

Cost under the estimated value

Which type of analysis would be used for the Plan Quality process

Cost-Benefit

Which type of tool would be used for the quality planning activity

Cost-Benefit Analysis

Which of the following methods is a project selection technique

Cost-benefit analysis

Communications Management

Covers all tasks related to producing, compiling, sending, storing, distributing, and managing project records. Made up of three processes to determine what to communicate, to whom, how often and when to reevaluate the plan.

Which of the following is an example of schedule compression

Crashing

"Which process involves subdividing project deliverables and project work into smaller, more manageable portions "

Create VVBS

Which of the following is a schedule network analysis technique that takes limited resources into account

Critical chain method

Which schedule development technique modifies the project schedule to account for limited resources

Critical chain method

Which schedule method allows the project team to place buffers on the project schedule path to account for limited resources and project uncertainties

Critical chain method

Which schedule network analysis technique modifies the project schedule to account for limited resources

Critical chain method

Which Develop Schedule tool and technique produces a theoretical early start date and late start date

Critical path method

Which schedule development tool and technique produces a theoretical early start date and late start date

Critical path method

Declining Balance Depreciation

Current Asset Value/Estimated Total Life where: Current Asset Value = Original Asset Value − Previous Depreciation

Working Capital

Current Assets - Current Liabilities Positive means cash is available, negative means cash is not available.

Which stakeholder approves a project's result

Customer

Whose approval may be required for change requests after change control board (CCB) approval

Customers or sponsors

Design of Experiments

DOE Important technique in Plan Quality Management Uses data analysis to determine optimal conditions.

Process Improvement Plan

Deals with how quality activities will be streamlines and improved.

"In the Plan Stakeholder Management process, expert judgment is used to "

Decide the level of engagement of the stakeholders at each required stage

Which technique is commonly used for the Quantitative Risk Analysis activity

Decision Tree Analysis

Which technique is commonly used for the Perform Quantitative Risk Analysis process

Decision tree analysis

Plurality

Decisions made by the largest block in a group, even if a majority is not achieved.

Make-or-Buy Decisions

Decisions made regarding the external purchase or internal manufacture of the product.

"Which Define Activities tool or technique is used for dividing and subdividing the project scope and project deliverables into smaller, more manageable parts "

Decomposition

What happens to a stakeholder's project influence over time

Decreases

"Decomposition, rolling wave planning, and templates are all tools and techniques for which of the following "

Define Activities

The process of identifying and documenting the specific actions to be performed to produce the project deliverables is known as

Define Activities

The process of identifying specific actions to be performed to produce project deliverables is

Define Activities

Which of the following is the process of identifying the specific actions to be performed to produce the project deliverables

Define Activities

The process of developing a detailed description of the project and product is known as

Define Scope.

Human Resource management Plan - Roles & Responsibilities

Define each role on the project and specify: - Title - Level of responsibility - Authority - Skill level or competency needed

Scheduling Method

Defines philosophy, framework, and algorithms to be used (critical path/chain method)

An output of the Direct and Manage Project Work process is

Deliverables

Key outputs to Direct and Manage Project Work Process

Deliverables Work Performance Data

Outputs to direct and manage project work execution

Deliverables Work performance data Change requests

The project manager has requested all expert team members to complete an anonymous questionnaire to identify possible risksThis is an example of a technique known as the

Delphi technique

Functional Manager

Departmental manager. (director of marketing) usually owns resources. Experts that are referred to.q

Business Case

Describes business rationale. Explains why project is being undertaken. Justifies project. Cost benefit analysis, etc. Proves that project is worth investment.

System

Describes set of procedures or steps put in place to manage something. (Checks and balances, processes, forms, steps to carry out.)

Procurement Statement of Work

Describes the procurement item in sufficient detail to allow prospective sellers to determine if they are capable of providing the products, services, or results.

What is the name of the statistical method that helps identify which factors may influence specific variables of a product or process under development or in production

Design of experiments

Team Role: Topic Jumpers

Destructive team role - Someone who disrupts effective communication by constantly changing the subject and bringing up irrelevant facts.

Team Role: Dominators

Destructive team role - Someone who disrupts team participation and communication by presenting opinions forcefully and without considering the merit of others' contributions. Likely talks more than the rest of the group and will bully way through project.

Team Role: Aggressors

Destructive team role - Someone who is openly hostile and opposed to project.

Team Role: Devil's Advocates

Destructive team role - Someone who will automatically take a contrary view to most statements or suggestions that are made. May be positive or negative role but most often associated with negative.

Team Role: Recognition Seekers

Destructive team role -Someone who looks at a project to see what is in it for them.

Product analysis

Detailed understanding of the project product service or result

Human Resource management Plan - Staffing Management Plan

Details how and when the project will be staffed, how and when the staff will be released, and other key human resources components such as how they will be trained.

Activity cost estimates and the project schedule are inputs to which Project Cost Management process

Determine Budget

Funding limit reconciliation is a tool and technique of which Project Cost Management process

Determine Budget

Funding limit reconciliation is a tool and technique used in which process

Determine Budget

The cost baseline and project funding requirements are outputs of which process in Project Cost Management

Determine Budget

The process of aggregating the estimated costs of individual activities or work packages to establish an authorized cost baseline is

Determine Budget

"For any given project, the project manager, in collaboration with the project team, is responsible for "

Determining which particular processes are appropriate.

"Which process documents the business needs of a project and the new product, service, or other result that is intended to satisfy those requirements "

Develop Project Charter

Which process involves the creation of a document that provides the project manager with the authority to apply resources to a project

Develop Project Charter

Two processes that take place in initiating

Develop Project Charter (Integration) Identify Stakeholders (Stakeholders)

"Which process involves documenting the actions necessary to define, prepare, integrate, and coordinate all subsidiary plans "

Develop Project Management Plan

Co-location is a tool and technique of

Develop Project Team

Team performance assessments is an output of which of the following processes

Develop Project Team

"Which of the Project Time Management processes analyzes activity sequencing, durations, resource requirements, and schedule constraints "

Develop Schedule

Planning + integration management

Develop project management plan

Force Field Analysis

Diagrams of forces for and against change

"Issue change requests and adapt approved changes into the project's scope, plans, and environment is an activity included in which of the following project management processes "

Direct and Manage Project Execution

Change requests are an output from which Project Integration Management process

Direct and Manage Project Execution

Which process requires implementation of approved changes

Direct and Manage Project Execution

Which process is included in the Project Integration Management Knowledge Area

Direct and Manage Project Work

Executing + integration management

Direct and manage project work

Execute

Directing, managing, performing, and accomplishing the project work; providing the deliverables; and providing work performance information.

Which type of probability distribution is used to represent uncertain events such as the outcome of a test or a possible scenario in a decision tree

Discrete

"The project manager for XYZ stationers is sequencing the activities for the project to set up a new office. It is known from knowledge of best practices that it is better to wait for the painters to finish painting the walls before the new floors are installed. This is an example of which of the following types of dependency?"

Discretionary

"Which type of dependency is established based on knowledge of best practices within a particular application area or some unusual aspect of the project in which a specific sequence is desired, even though there may be other acceptable sequences?"

Discretionary

"Which type of dependency used in the Sequence Activities process is sometimes referred to as preferred logic, preferential logic, or soft logic "

Discretionary

Soft logic is also known as what type of dependency

Discretionary

Which of the following types of a dependency determination is used to define the sequence of activities

Discretionary

Which of the following Project Communication Management processes uses performance reports as an input

Distribute Information

Which of the following involves making information available to project stakeholders in a timely manner

Distribute Information

The product scope description is used to

Document the characteristics of the product.

Historical Information

Documents and data on prior projects including project files, records, correspondence, closed contracts, and closed projects.

When does the project team determine which dependencies are discretionary?

During the Sequence Activities process

Dynamic Programming

Dynamic programming involves using past history to develop a model that depicts the time taken to complete a certain project task. When new values are input, the model generates output that tells you how long a new project is likely to take.

"As part of a mid-project evaluation, the project sponsor has asked for a forecast of the total project costWhat should be used to calculate the forecast "

EAC

"As part of a mid-project evaluation, your project sponsor has asked you to provide a forecast of total project costYou should calculate the forecast using which of the following methods "

EAC

What are common inputs?

EEF, OPA, project documents, project management plan.

Early Finish (EF)

ES + Duraction

BCWP (is a synonym for what [acronym])

EV

Which is one of the determining factors used to calculate CPI

EV

Cost Variance (CV) Interpretation

EV - AC Negative is over budget; positive is under budget

Schedule Variance (SV) Interpretation

EV - PV Negative is behind schedule; positive is ahead of schedule

Cost Performance Index (CPI) Interpretation

EV / AC We are getting $X worth of work out of every $1 spent. Funds are or are not being used efficiently. Greater than one is good; less than one is bad.

Schedule Performance Index (SPI) Interpretation

EV / PV We are progressing at X% of the rate originally planned. Greater than one is good; less than one is bad.

Reverse to determine EV: CV = EV - AC

EV = AC + CV

Reverse to determine EV: CPI = EV/AC

EV = CPI x AC

Reverse to determine EV: SPI = EV/PV

EV = SPI x PV

Reverse to determine EV: SV = EV - PV

EV = SV + PV

How is scheduled variance calculated using the earned value technique

EV less PV

How is the schedule variance calculated using the earned value technique

EV less PV

Economic Value Added (EVA)

EVA = Net Operating Profit After Taxes (NOPAT) - (Capital * Cost of Capital) [Cost of Capital = (Revenue - Op. Exp - Taxes)]

The ability to influence cost is greatest during which stages of the project?

Early

EV

Earned Value Value of work that has been performed

Which tool or technique measures performance of the project as it moves from project initiation through project closure

Earned value

"The methodology that combines scope, schedule, and resource measurements to assess project performance and progress is known as "

Earned value management

"A project manager providing information to the right audience, in the right format, at the right time is an example of which type of communication?"

Effective

Kaoru Ishikawa

Engineer & Quality Management innovator 1915-1989 "Quality circles concept" -- TQM

The purpose of developing a project scope management plan is to

Ensure that the project includes all of the work require

The purpose of the Project Communications Management Knowledge Area is to

Ensure timely and appropriate collection of project information

"Conditions that are not under the control of the project team that influence, direct, or constrain a project are called:"

Enterprise environmental factors

Market conditions and published commercial information are examples of which input to the Estimate Costs process?

Enterprise environmental factors

Which of the following is an input into the Develop Project Team process

Enterprise environmental factors

Which of the following is an input to Develop Human Resource Plan

Enterprise environmental factors

Which of the following is an input to Direct and Manage Project Execution

Enterprise environmental factors

An output of the Develop Project Team process is:

Enterprise environmental factors updates.

An input used in developing the communications management plan is:

Enterprise environmental factors.

Networking

Establishing connections and relationships with other people from the same or other organizations.

Programa CCR

Este es un programa de capacitación continua que recomienda el PMI para renovar credenciales - CAPM 5 años, se renueva presentado el examen o presentar examen de PMP. - PMP 3 años, por medio de 60pdu. 1pdu = 1hr de capacitacion presencial

Which process in Project Time Management includes reserve analysis as a tool or technique?

Estimate Activity Durations

What two processes are P.E.R.T estimates most likely

Estimate Activity Durations & Estimate Costs

Activity resource requirements and the resource breakdown structure (RBS) are outputs of which Project Time Management process

Estimate Activity Resources

Which Project Time Management process includes bottom-up estimating as a tool or technique

Estimate Activity Resources

Which process involves aggregating the estimated costs of the individual schedule activities or work packages

Estimate Activity Resources

"After Define Activities and Sequence Activities, the next process is "

Estimate Activity Resources.

"The process of estimating the type and quantity of material, human resources, equipment, or supplies required to perform each activity is known as:"

Estimate Activity Resources.

Which process involves developing an approximation of the monetary resources needed to complete project activities?

Estimate Costs

Pessimistic Duration

Estimate of the longest activity duration that takes into account all of the known variable that could affect performance.

On what is project baseline development established

Estimated project cost and schedule

Schedule Forecasts

Estimates or predications of conditions and events in the project's future based on information and knowledge available at the time of the schedule is calculated.

The probability and impact matrix is primarily used to

Evaluate each risk's importance and priority during Perform Qualitative Risk Analysis

Kill point

Evaluation of deliverables of one project phase to determine if project should continue. "should this project continue" (someone external to project decides)

Risk Audits

Examination and documentation of the effectiveness of risk responses in dealing with identified risks and their root causes, as well as the effectiveness of the risk management process.

Inspection

Examining or measuring to verify whether an activity, component, product, result, or service conforms to specified requirements.

"The Process Group that involves coordinating people and resources, as well as integrating and performing the activities of the project in accordance with the project management plan is known as "

Executing

A large portion of a projects budget is typically expended on the processes in which Process Group?

Executing

Which Process Group contains the processes performed to complete the work defined in the project management plan to satisfy the project specifications

Executing

Which Process Group typically consumes the bulk of a project's budget

Executing

Direct and Manage Project Work Process

Executing phase in Integration knowledge area. Most of the project's time, cost, and resources are consumed in this process. Deliverables are created here.

Process: Perform Quality Assurance

Executing process in Quality Management knowledge area . Primary concern is overall process improvement. Focused on steadily improving the activities and processes undertaken to achieve quality

Which of the following is a statistical concept that calculates the average outcome when the future includes scenarios that may or may not happen

Expected monetary value analysis

Which tool is used to develop technical details within the project management plan

Expert Judgment

A project manager requesting industry groups and consultants to recommend project intervention is relying on

Expert judgment

Analogous cost estimating relies on which of the following techniques

Expert judgment

The initial development of a Project Scope Management plan uses which technique

Expert judgment

What is a tool and technique used in the Develop Project Management Plan process

Expert judgment

Which of the following is a tool and technique used in all processes within Project Integration Management

Expert judgment

Which of the following tools and techniques are utilized in the Close Project or Phase process

Expert judgment

Which tool is used to develop technical details within the project management plan

Expert judgment

Which tool or technique is used in the Develop Project Management Plan process?

Expert judgment

Which tool or technique is used in the Plan Scope Management process?

Expert judgment

Which tool or technique is used to develop a project charter

Expert judgment

Which tool or technique is used to develop the human resource management plan?

Expert judgment

Which tools or techniques are used during the Close Project or Phase process

Expert judgment and analytical techniques

Tools and techniques used in Direct and Manage Project Work include

Expert judgment and meetings

What are common tools

Expert judgment, analytical techniques, PMIS, facilitation techniques, meetings.

The Delphi technique

Expert providing feedback through questionnaires. Anonymity.

"Which risk management strategy seeks to eliminate the uncertainty associated with a particular upside risk by ensuring that the opportunity is realized?, Exploit "

Exploit

Which of the following is a strategy to deal with positive risks or opportunities?

Exploit

Present Value

FV / (1 + r)^n FV = Future Value R = Rate of return N = Number of periods What is the value of future cash flows?

A project manager builds consensus and overcomes obstacles by employing which communication technique?

Facilitation

Information Management Systems

Facilities, processes, and procedures used to collect, store, and distribute information between producers and consumers of information in physical or electronic format.

Reporting Systems

Facilities, processes, and procedures used to generate or consolidate reports from one or more information management systems and facilitate report distribution to the project stakeholders.

Which of the following is an example of a risk symptom

Failure to meet intermediate milestones

Dirección técnica de proyectos

Fases y procesos de un proyecto Áreas de conocimiento Planificación y control Manejo de riesgos Requerimientos y gestión de alcance Herramientas y técnicas ágiles

Which schedule compression technique has phases or activities done in parallel that would normally have been done sequentially

Fast tracking

What is an objective of the Develop Project Team process?

Feelings of trust and improved cohesiveness

What is an objective of the Developing Project Team Process

Feelings of trust and improved cohesiveness

"When sequencing activities, what does the common acronym FF stand for "

Finish-to-Finish

"In a construction project schedule, what is the logical relationship between the delivery of the concrete materials and the pouring of concrete "

Finish-to-start (FS)

A logical relationship in which a successor activity cannot start until a predecessor activity has finished is known as

Finish-to-start (FS)

Which type of contract is most commonly used by buying organizations because the price for goods is set at the outset and is not subject to change unless the scope of work changes

Firm-Fixed -Price Contract (FFP)

Plan Schedule Management Process

First process in Time Management knowledge area. Creates Schedule Management Plan. Defines how the subsequent six processes will be carried out.

"Using the three-point estimating technique, if the most likely duration is four months, the optimistic duration is two months, and the pessimistic duration is one year, how many months is the expected activity duration ,,, "

Five

"A given schedule activity is most likely to last four weeksIn a best-case scenario, the schedule activity is estimated to last two weeksIn a worst-case scenario, the schedule activity is estimated to last 12 weeksGiven these three estimates, what is the expected duration of the activity "

Five weeks

"A project requires a component with well-understood specificationsPerformance targets are established at the outset, and the final contract price is determined after completion of all work based on the seller's performanceThe most appropriate agreement with the supplier is "

Fixed Price Incentive Fee (FPIF)

Which type of contract gives both the seller and the buyer flexibility to deviate from performance with financial incentives

Fixed Price Incentive Fee (FPIF)

A purchase order for a specified item to be delivered by a specified date for a specified price is the simplest form of what type of contract

Fixed price or lump-sum

In which type of contract are the performance targets established at the onset and the final contract price determined after completion of all work based on the sellers performance

Fixed-Price-Incentive-Fee (FPIF)

"Which category of contracts are sellers legally obligated to complete, with possible financial damages if the project objectives are not met "

Fixed-price contracts

Which type of chart is a graphic representation of a process showing the relationships among process steps

Flow

Seven Basic Quality Tools

Flow Charts Scatter Diagrams Histograms Pareto Cause & Effect Checksheets Control Charts

What quality control tool graphically represents how various elements of a system interrelate

Flowchart

Which Perform Quality Control tool graphically represents how various elements of a system interrelate

Flowchart

Which quality tool may prove useful in understanding and estimating the cost of quality in a process

Flowcharts

Six Sigma

Focuses on achieving very high levels of quality by controlling the process and reducing defects. Puts primary focus on quantifying, measuring, and controlling the quality of products, services, and results. The goal is to refine the process so that human error and outside influence no longer exist

Product Analysis

For projects that have a product as a deliverable, it is a tool to define scope that generally means asking questions about a product and forming answers to describe the use, characteristics, and other the relevant aspects of what is going to be manufactured.

Referent Power

Form of power based on respect or the charismatic personality of the manager.

Ground Rules

Formal or informal rules that define the boundaries of behavior.

Seller Proposals

Formal responses from sellers to a request for proposal or other procurement document specifying the price, commercial terms of sale, and technical specifications or capabilities the seller will do for the requesting organization that, if accepted, would bind the seller to perform the resulting agreement.

Historical information

Found in records that have been kept previous projects, files, correspondence, closed contracts. can be used to help benchmark current project. Lessons learned, resources, etc. used to help predict trends for current project and evaluate feasibility. Created and updated during closing process. Used heavily during planning activities. Help prevent repeated mistakes.

Histograms

Frequency of occurrence Isolate most common cause

In which type of organizational structure are staff members grouped by specialty

Functional

Weak Matrix organization

Functional manager has more authority than PM

Which type of managers do composite organizations involve?

Functional managers and manager of project managers

Invitation for Bid (IFB)

Generally, this term is equivalent to request for proposal. However, in some application areas, it may have a narrower or more specific meaning.

Which of the following is contained within the communications management plan

Glossary of common terminology

What is the term assigned to products or services having the same functional use but different technical characteristics

Grade

Bar Chart

Graphic display of schedule-related information. In the typical blank, schedule activities or work breakdown structure components are listed down the left side of the chart, dates are shown across the top, and activity durations are shown as date-placed horizontal bars.

Program

Group of related projects. may also include operations

Which standard has interrelationships to other project management disciplines such as program management and portfolio management

Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK®)

Conflict Management

Handling, controlling, and guiding a conflicting situation to achieve a resolution.

Project expeditor

Has the least amount of power. Help to organize the project work. No formal authority.

Quality Control Measurements

Helps team determine if the quality processes and standards are effective, or if they should change. Feedback loop - as changes are evaluated in process of Perform Quality Assurance, they are measured in Control Quality and fed back into Perform Quality Assurance

The traditional organization chart structure that can be used to show positions and relationships in a graphic top-down format is called a

Hierarchical-type chart.

Pareto

Histogram assorted in descending order 80/20 Rule Focus on few causes of majority of problems

Which of following could be organizational process assets

Historical information

A project manager seeking insight on previous stakeholder management plans and their effectiveness should evaluate

Historical information and the lessons-learned database

Which of the following is a tool or technique used in the Determine Budget process

Historical relationships

Which tool or technique is required in order to determine the project budget

Historical relationships

A regression line is used to estimate:

How a change to the independent variable influences the value of the dependent variable.

Float

How much an activity can slip before it changes the critical path. Critical path = zero float

Budget at Completion (BAC) Meaning

How much did we budget for the total project effort?

Idea/mind mapping

Ideas gathered via brainstorming. Mapped together for new conception

"A strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analysis is a tool or technique used in which process?"

Identify Risks

Which process determines the risks that may affect the project and documents their characteristics?

Identify Risks

Which process determines the risks that might affect the project

Identify Risks

The stakeholder register is an output of

Identify Stakeholders

Processes in Stakeholder knowledge area

Identify Stakeholders (Initiating) Plan Stakeholder Management (Planning) Manage Stakeholder Engagement (Executing) Control Stakeholder Engagement (Monitoring & Controlling)

Stakeholder management strategy is an output of

Identify Stakeholders.

Initiating + stakeholder management

Identify stakeholders

Control Risks

Implement Risk response plans, tracking identified risks, monitoring residual risks, identifying new risks, and evaluating risk process effectiveness throughout the project

Late Start Date (LS)

In a critical path method, the latest possible point in time when the uncompleted portions of a schedule activity can start based on the schedule network logic, the project completion date, and any schedule constraints.

In complex projects/ initiating processes should be completed

In each phase of the project

When should quality planning be performed?

In parallel with the other planning processes

When is a Salience Model used

In stakeholder analysis

Conformance Work

In the cost of quality framework, blank is done to compensate for imperfections that prevent organizations from completing planned activities correctly as essential first-time work. Blank consists of actions that are related to prevention and inspection.

Nonconformance Work

In the cost of quality framework, blank is done to deal with the consequences of errors and failures in doing activities correctly on the first attempt. In efficient quality management systems, the amount of blank will approach zero.

Early Finish Date (EF)

In the critical path method, the earliest possible point in time when the uncompleted portions of a schedule activity can be finish based on the schedule network logic, the data date, and any schedule constraints.

Early Start Date (ES)

In the critical path method, the earliest possible point in time when the uncompleted portions of a schedule activity can start based on the schedule network logic, the dat date, and any schedule constraints.

Late Finish Date (LF)

In the critical path method, the latest possible point in time when the uncompleted portions of a schedule activity can finish based on the schedule network logic, the project completion date, and any schedule constraints.

Which type of risk diagram is useful for showing time ordering of events

Influence

Which key interpersonal skill of a project manager is defined as the strategy of sharing power and relying on interpersonal skills to convince others to cooperate toward common goals

Influencing

A project manager who communicates to the project team though email is using which type of communication

Informal r

Which Control Stakeholder Engagement tool or technique allows the project manager to consolidate and facilitate distribution of reports

Information management systems

A project charter is an output of which Process Group?

Initiating

In which Project Management Process Group is the project charter developed

Initiating

In which process group is the scope first defined

Initiating

The Identify Stakeholders process is found in which Process Group?

Initiating

Which Process Group contains those processes performed to define a new project

Initiating

5 Process Groups

Initiating Planning Executing Monitoring & Controlling Closing

Name the five process groups

Initiating, planning, executing, monitoring and controlling, closing.

Outputs from constituent processes might be used as

Inputs to other processes

What tool and technique is used to determine whether work and deliverables meet requirements and product acceptance criteria

Inspection

Which of the following tools and techniques is used in the Verify Scope process

Inspection

Which tool or technique is used in validating the scope of a project

Inspection

Which tool or technique used in the Control Procurements process can be conducted during the execution of the project to verify compliance with deliverables

Inspection and audits

PMI

Instituto de Dirección y Administración de Proyectos (1969) - Es una asociación profesional que desarrolla/emite estándares para la practica del manejo de proyectos - Emite credenciales con el objeto de poder satisfacer las aspiraciones y necesidades de superación y representación del grado de experiencia y habilidad que se tiene por los individuos en el manejo de proyectos (certificación a nivel credencial)

Integer Programming

Integer programming is another way of using math to determine the optimal result. However, it can be used only when there is a discrete set of decisions to be made from a finite set of alternatives.

A project team member agrees to change a project deliverable after a conversation with an external stakeholderIt is later discovered that the change has had an adverse effect on another deliverableThis could have been avoided if the project team had implemented

Integrated change control.

"During project selection, which factor is most important "

Internal business needs

What risk technique is used to quantify the probability and impact of risks on project objectives

Interviewing

Cause & Effect

Ishikawa, Fishbone, Root Cause

Which written document helps monitor who is responsible for resolving specific problems and concerns by a target date

Issue Log

Which project document is updated in the Control Stakeholder Engagement process

Issue log

IRR Internal Rate of Return

It is the rate at which an investment will yield returns. Normally, IRR is expressed as a percentage. So when the IRR is 5%, it means that for every $100 that you invest, the return on investment will be $105. The higher the IRR, the more lucrative the project will be. The IRR is also referred to as the "return on investment."

Which statement correctly describes the value of a business case

It provides the necessary information to determine if a project is worth the required investment.

Which of the following statements correctly characterizes pull communication

It requires recipients to access communication content at their own discretion

The links between the processes in the Process Groups are often

Iterative

Plan Human Resource Management

KA:HR management PG: planning Def: identifying and documenting project roles, responsibilities, required skills, reporting relationships, and creating a staffing management plan

Manage communication

KA:communication management PG: executing Def: creating, collecting, distributing, storing, retrieving and ultimately disposing of project information in accordance to the communication management plan

Control Communication

KA:communication management PG: monitoring and controlling Def: monitoring and controlling communications throughout the entire project life cycle to ensure information needs of the project stakeholders are met

Plan Communication Management

KA:communication management PG: planning Def: developing an appropriate approach and plan for project communications based on stakeholder's needs and requirements and available organizational assets

Control Costs

KA:cost management PG: monitoring and controlling Def: Monitoring the status of the project to update the project costs and managing changes to the cost baseline

Determine Budget

KA:cost management PG: planning Def: Aggregating the estimated costs of individual activities or work packages to establish an authorized cost baseline

Estimate Cost

KA:cost management PG: planning Def: Approximating the money needed to complete project activities

Plan Cost Management

KA:cost management PG: planning Def: Establishing policies, procedures, and documentation for planning, managing, expending and controlling project costs

Manage Project Team

KA:hr management PG: executing Def: Tracking team member performance, providing feedback, resolving issues, and managing team changes to optimize project performance

Develop Project Team

KA:hr management PG: executing Def: improving competencies, team member interaction and overall team environment to enhance project performance

Closing Project or Phase

KA:integration management PG: closing Def: formalizing activities across all the Project Management process groups to formally complete the project or phase

Direct and Manage Project Work

KA:integration management PG: executing Def: leading and performing the work defined in the project management plan and implementing approved changes to achieve the project's objectives

Develop Project Charter

KA:integration management PG: initiating Def: Develop a document that formally authorizes a project and provides the PM with the authority to apply organizational resources

Perform Integrated Change Control

KA:integration management PG: monitoring and controlling Def: reviewing all change requests, approving and managing changes to deliverables and the project management plan and communicate communicating their disposition

Monitor and control Project work

KA:integration management PG: monitoring and controlling Def: tracking, reviewing and reporting the progress to meet performance objectives defined in the project management plan

Develop Project Management Plan

KA:integration management PG: planning Def: Defining, preparing, and coordinating all subsidiary plans and integrating them into a comprehensive pmp

Close Procurement

KA:procurement management PG: closing Def: completing each procurement

Conduct Procurements

KA:procurement management PG: executing Def: obtaining seller responses, selecting a seller, awarding a contract

Control Procurements

KA:procurement management PG: monitoring and controlling Def: managing procurement relationships, monitoring contract performance, and making changes and corrections to contracts as appropriate

Plan Procurement Management

KA:procurement management PG: planning Def: documenting the project procurement decisions, specifying the approach, and identifying potential sellers

Perform Quality Assurance

KA:quality management PG: executing Def: auditing the Quality requirements and the results from quality control measurements to ensure the appropriate quality standards and operational definitions are used

Control Quality

KA:quality management PG: monitoring and controlling Def: Monitoring and recording results and executing the Quality activities to assess performance and recommend necessary changes

Plan Quality Management

KA:quality management PG: planning Def: Identify quality requirements for the Project and its deliverables and documenting how the project will demonstrate compliance with relevant quality standards

Plan Risk Management

KA:risk management PG: planning Def: Defining how to conduct risk management activities for a project

Identify Risks

KA:risk management PG: planning Def: determining which risks may affect the project and documenting their characteristics

Plan Risk Responses

KA:risk management PG: planning Def: develop options and actions to enhance opportunities and to reduce threats to project objectives

Perform quantitative risk analysis

KA:risk management PG: planning Def: numerically analyzing the effect of identified risks on overall project objectives

Control Scope

KA:scope management PG: monitoring and controlling Def: Monitoring the status of the project and product Scope and managing change to the Scope baseline

Validate Scope

KA:scope management PG: monitoring and controlling Def: formalizing acceptance of the completed project deliverables

Plan Scope Management

KA:scope management PG: planning Def: Create a scope management plan that documents how the project scope will be defined, validated and controlled

Collect Requirements

KA:scope management PG: planning Def: Determining, documenting and managing stakeholder needs and requirements to meet project objectives

Define Scope

KA:scope management PG: planning Def: Developing a detailed description of the project and product

Create WBS

KA:scope management PG: planning Def: subdividing project deliverable and project work into smaller, more manageable components

Manage Stakeholder engagement

KA:stakeholder management PG: executing Def: communicating and working with stakeholders to meet their needs, address issues, and foster appropriate stakeholder engagement throughout the project life cycle

Plan Stakeholder Management

KA:stakeholder management PG: monitoring and controlling Def: developing appropriate management strategies to effectively engage stakeholders throughout the project, based on the analysjd of their needs, interests, and potential impact on project success

Identify Stakeholders

KA:stakeholders management PG: initiating Def: identifying the people that coukd impact or be impacted by a decision or outcome of the project, analyzing and documenting relevant information regarding stakeholders impact on project success

Control Schedule

KA:time management PG: monitoring and controlling Def: monitoring the status of project activities to update project progress and manage changes to the schedule baseline

Develop Schedule

KA:time management PG: planning Def: analyzing activity sequences, durations, resource requirements, and schedule constraints to create the project schedule model

Define Activities

KA:time management PG: planning Def: establish the policies, procedures and documentation for planning, developing, managing , executing and controlling the project schedule

Plan Schedule Management

KA:time management PG: planning Def: establishing the policies, procedures and documentation for planning, developing, managing, executing and controlling the project schedule

Estimate Activity Resources

KA:time management PG: planning Def: estimating the type and quantities of material, Human Resources, equipment or supplies required to perform each activity

Sequence Activities

KA:time management PG: planning Def: identifying and documenting relationship among activities

How should a stakeholder who is classified as high power and low interest be grouped in a power/interest grid during stakeholder analysis

Keep satisfied

"For a stakeholder with low interest and high power, the project manager should "

Keep the stakeholder satisfie

Project Scope Statement

Key output of Define Scope process. Contains details pertaining to the project and product deliverables goals of project product description requirements for project constraints and assumptions identified risks related to scope Objective criteria for accepting product

Requirements Management Plan

Key output of Plan Scope Management Process. Component of Project Plan. Defines what activities the team will perform in order to gather and manage the project requirements. Shows how requirements will be gathered, how decisions will be made, how changes will be handled, and how requirements will be documented.

Scope Management Plan

Key output of Plan Scope Management Process. Component of Project Plan. Describes how the scope documents will be prepared and how the remaining scope processes will be carried out.

Verified Deliverables

Key output of the Control Quality process. Become input to the Validate Scope Process for formalized acceptance.

Late Start (LS)

LF - Duration

Total Float

LS - ES or LF - EF

"A project manager at a publishing company decides to initiate the editing phase of the project as soon as each chapter is writtenWhich type of Sequence Activities tool and technique is involved, considering that there was a start-to-start relationship with a 15-day delay "

Lag

Affinity diagram

Large ideas group and sorted for further analysis

Project Initiation

Launching a process that can result in the authorization of a new project.

The project manager notes that stakeholders are aware of the project and potential impacts and are actively engaged in ensuring that the project is a successThe engagement level of the stakeholders should be classified as

Leading

PM Key Skills

Leading, Motivating, Delegating, Communicating, Negotiating, Problem-Solving, Influencing, being proactive

Project Coordinator

Less authority than PM. Found in weak matrix or functional organization

Payback Period

Less is better Net Investment [gross investment - depreciation] / Avg. Annual cash flow

What is the primary benefit of meeting quality requirements

Less rework

SPI < 1

Less work performed than planned

Which organizational process assets update is performed during the Close Procurements process

Lessons learned

Processes in the Initiating Process Group may be completed at the organizational level and be outside of the project's

Level of control

Which cost is associated with nonconformance

Liabilities

"In project management, a temporary project can be "

Long in duration

Tool: Acquisition

Looking outside of the organization for resources when they cannot be provided by the organization or when the organization elects not to provide those resources internally.

Contingent Response Strategies

Make a decision related to a risk but that decision is contingent upon certain conditions. (pay contractor to mitigate risk, but that contractor has to meet certain qualifications)

An issue log is an input to which Project Human Resource Management process

Manage Project Team

"Change requests, project management plan updates, project document updates, and organizational process assets updates are all outputs of which project management process "

Manage Stakeholder Expectations

A project manager has created an issue log to document issues communicated by project team members during weekly team meetingsThis is an input of

Manage Stakeholder Expectations

Executing + communications management

Manage communications

Executing + stakeholder management

Manage stakeholder engagement

"Approved change requests, approved corrective actions, and updates to organizational process assets are all outputs of which project management process "

Manage stakeholders

What is Project Portfolio Management

Management of a collection of projects that are grouped together to facilitate effective management and meet strategic business objectives.

Budgets reserved for unplanned changes to project scope and cost are

Management reserves

Difference between managing and leading

Managing: defines as being about producing key results. Leading: involves establishing direction, aligning people to that direction, and motivating and inspiring.

Which type of dependency is legally or contractually required or inherent in the nature of work and often involves physical limitations?

Mandatory

Change Control Tools

Manual or automated tools to assist with change and/or configuration management. At a minimum, the tools should support the activities of the CCB.

Business Case Categories

Market Demand Organizational Need Customer Request (most common) Technological Advance Legal Requirement Ecological Impacts (go green) Social Need (benefit community)

Which enterprise environmental factors are considered during Estimate Costs?

Market conditions and published commercial information

A car company authorized a project to build more fuel-efficient cars in response to gasoline shortagesWith which of the following strategic considerations was this project mainly concerned

Market demand

Which of the following strategic considerations often results in project authorization

Market demand and/or legal requirements

Which tool or technique is an examination of industry and specific vendor capabilities?

Market research

Which is an enterprise environmental factor

Marketplace conditions

Which of the following is an enterprise environmental factor that can influence the Develop Project Charter process

Marketplace conditions

Which enterprise environmental factors are considered during cost estimating

Marketplace conditions and commercial databases

Indirect Costs

Materials used across several projects, such as office space, customer service staff.

Direct Costs

Materials used on one specific project, such as contractors

"Which type of diagram includes groups of information and shows relationships between factors, causes, and objectives "

Matrix

Risk Threshold

Measure of the level of uncertainty or the level of impact at which a stakeholder may have a specific interest. Below that blank, the organization will accept the risk. Above that blank, the organization will not tolerate the risk.

"In the basic communication model, which term refers to the method that is used to convey the message "

Medium

Nominal Group Technique

Method of brainstorming in small groups and then reviewing in a large group

Attribute Sampling

Method of measuring quality that consists of noting the presence (or absence) of some characteristic (attribute) in each of the units under consideration. After each unit is inspected, the decision is made to accept a lot, reject it, or inspect another unit.

The approaches tools and data sources that will be used to perform risk management on a project are determined by the

Methodology

Cost variance (CV) is equal to earned value

Minus actual cost [EV - AC]

Net Present Value (NPV) Interpretation Only

Minus costs, what are future cash flows worth in today's money? Bigger is better: - NPV is greater than 0 the project is a lucrative - If the NPV is equal to 0 the project is neither profitable nor unfavorable - If the NPV is less than 0 the project is unfavorable

Prototype development may be used as a tool for which of the following risk response strategies

Mitigate

Which degree of authority does a project manager have on a project in a strong matrix organizational structure

Moderate to high

In which process might a project manager use risk reassessment as a tool and technique

Monitor and Control Risk

Monitoring and controlling + integration management

Monitor and control project work, perform integrated change control

Which action is included in the Control Costs process

Monitor cost performance to isolate and understand variances from the approved cost baseline

"Which Process Group's purpose is to track, review "

Monitoring and Controlling

Administer Procurements is part of which Process Group

Monitoring and Controlling

The Administer Procurements process is in which of the following Project Management Process Groups

Monitoring and Controlling

The Perform Integrated Change Control process occurs in which Process Group?

Monitoring and Controlling

The Project Management Process Group in which performance is observed and measured regularly from project initiation through completion is

Monitoring and Controlling

The integrative nature of project management requires which Process Group to interact with the other Process Groups

Monitoring and Controlling

Perform Integrated Change Control Process

Monitoring and Controlling process in Integration knowledge area. Process that assesses and decides upon all changes, whether requested or not. Approval for change requests occurs in this process. Impact of change request is assessed before approval.

Monitor and Control Project Work Process

Monitoring and Controlling process in Integration knowledge area. Very important process. Oversees that the project work and deliverables are according to the plan (no variances)

Validate Scope Process

Monitoring and Controlling process in Scope Management knowledge area. Process that validates that the deliverables match the documented scope.

The only Process Group that comprises processes that typically occur from the beginning to the end of the project life cycle is:

Monitoring and Controlling.

Perform Quality Control is accomplished by

Monitoring and recording the results of executing the quality activities to assess performance and recommend necessary changes

Senior Management

More senior than PM. Helps prioritize projects and ensure pm has proper authority and access to resources.

SPI > 1

More work performed than planned

Quality Audits

Most important tool in Performing Quality Assurance Process. 'Perform quality assurance is the process of auditing the quality requirements" Goal is to improve both acceptance of product and overall cost of quality

Which of the following is a component of three-point estimates

Most likely

"Job satisfaction, challenging work, and sufficient financial compensation are values related to which interpersonal skill "

Motivation

Expectancy Theory

Motivation theory developed by Victor Vroom. Team members make choices based on the expected outcomes. (will only work hard toward a goal if they believe that goal is attainable)

Activity Attributes

Multiple blank associated with each schedule activity that can be included within the activity list. Blank include activity codes, predecessor activities, successor activities, logical relationships, leads and lags, resource requirements, imposed dates, constraints, and assumptions.

Expected monetary value (EMV) is computed by which equation

Multiplying the value of each possible outcome by the probability of occurrence and adding the products together.

Regulations

Must be followed by law

Return on Assets( ROA )

NEBT / Total Assets OR NEAT / Total Assets

Return on Investment ( ROI )

NEBT / Total Investment OR NEAT / Total Investment

Liderazgo

Negociación Manejo de conflictos Motivación Influencia Resolución de problemas Construcción de equipos de trabajo Inteligencia emocional

Which of the following is a tool or technique used in the Acquire Project Team process

Negotiation

What are the identified risks for doing excessive decomposition in a WBS

Non-productive management effort and inefficient use of resources

"At which stage of team development do members begin to work together, adjust work habits, and trust each other "

Norming

In which phase of team building activities do team members begin to work together and adjust their work habits and behavior to support the team

Norming

Stakeholder satisfaction should be managed as a key project

Objective

Acquisition

Obtaining human and material resources necessary to perform project activities. Blank implies a cost of resources, and is not necessarily financial.

Node

One of the defining points of a schedule network; a junction point joined to some or all of the other dependency lines.

Activity Code

One or more numerical or text values that identify characteristics of the work or in some way categorize the schedule activity that allows filtering and ordering of activities within reports.

Managing ongoing production of goods and services to ensure business continues efficiently describes which type of management

Operations

An associate who calculates fees daily to support the department is doing which of the following

Operations work

Risk Categorization

Organization by sources of risk (e.g., using the RBS), the area of the project affected (e.g., using the WBS), or other useful category (e.g., project phase) to determine the areas of the project most exposed to the effects of uncertainty.

An in put required to develop a preliminary project scope statement is

Organizational Process Asset

Which standard examines an enterprise's project management process capabilities

Organizational Project Management Maturity Model OPMJ

"Project or phase closure guidelines or requirements, historical information, and the lessons learned knowledge base are examples of which input to the Close Project or Phase process "

Organizational process assets

"What are the formal and informal policies, procedures, and guidelines that could impact how the project's scope is managed "

Organizational process assets

The project manager needs to review the templates in useThe templates are part of the

Organizational process assets

Which activity is an input to the Conduct Procurements process

Organizational process assets

Which activity is an input to the select sellers process

Organizational process assets

Which of the following is an output of Close Procurements

Organizational process assets updates

Which of the following is an output of the Distribute Information process

Organizational process assets updates

Projects are undertaken by an organization to support the

Organizational strategy.

"What provides information regarding the ways people, teams, and organizational units behave "

Organizational theory

Baseline

Original plan plus all approved changes. Time, cost, scope. used to measure how performance deviates from plan.

Basis of Estimates

Output of Estimate Costs. Includes information on how you derived the activity cost estimates. (Tools, techniques, constraints, assumptions, range, etc)

Risk Management Plan

Output of Plan Risk Management Process. Road map to the other five risk management processes. Defines: - What level of risk will be considered tolerable -How risk will be managed - Who will be responsible for risk activities - Amount of time and cost that will be allotted to risk activities - How risk finding will be communicated. - Description of how risks will be categorized.

Schedule Management Plan

Output of Plan Schedule Management Process. Becomes part of Project Plan. Defines how the schedule will be defined, measured, how often team will track progress, what will happen if the project veers from plan. Describes how progress will be reported. Describes how process of Define Activities will be carried out.

Three Point Estimating

PERT Estimates (P+4R+O)/6

Key inputs to process Plan Schedule Management

PM Plan Project Charter

Key inputs to Perform Integrated Change Control Process

PM Plan WP Reports Change Requests

Key inputs to Monitor and Control Project Work Process

PM Plan (planned) Work Performance Information (actual) Schedule Forecasts (planned)

Strong Matrix organization

PM has more power than functional manager

Key tool in Direct and Manage Project Work Process

PMIS - Project Management Information System

Projectized

PMs hold most power and control over resources

BCWS (is a synonym for what [acronym])

PV

Process

Package of inputs, tools, and outputs used together to do something on the project

Which of the following tools or techniques is used for Estimate Activity Duration

Para metric

Conocer PMBOKGuide

Para presentar CAPM y PPM.

"Which type of estimating can produce higher levels of accuracy, depending upon the sophistication and underlying data built into the model "

Parametric

Which of the following is a tool and technique for Estimate Activity Durations

Parametric estimating

Which of the following is a tool and technique for activity duration estimating

Parametric estimating

Which of the following tools or techniques is used for Estimate Activity Durations

Parametric estimating

Which quality control technique illustrates the 80/20 principle

Pareto chart

ISO 9000

Part of the International Organization for Standardization to ensure that companies document what they do and do what tehy document.

Sponsor

Pays for project. May be internal or external. "Project Champion" Sponsor and customer may be some person but usually sponsor is internal and customer is external. Resolves issues between PM and customer.

"Configuration identification, configuration status accounting, and configuration verification and audit are all activities in which process "

Perform Integrated Change Control

Change request status updates are an output of which process

Perform Integrated Change Control

Change requests are processed for review and disposition according to which process?

Perform Integrated Change Control

Prioritizing risks for further analysis or action by assessing and combining their probability of occurrence and impact takes place in which process

Perform Qualitative Risk Analysis

Risk categorization is a tool or technique used in which process?

Perform Qualitative Risk Analysis

The process of prioritizing risks for further analysis or action is known as

Perform Qualitative Risk Analysis

Which process includes prioritizing risks for subsequent further analysis or action by assessing and combining their probability of occurrence and impact

Perform Qualitative Risk Analysis

Which process is usually a rapid and cost-effective means of establishing priorities for Plan Risk Responses

Perform Qualitative Risk Analysis

Which of the following processes audits the quality requirements and the results from quality control measures to ensure appropriate quality standards and operational definitions are used

Perform Quality Assurance

Which of the following processes is necessary to ensure that the project employs all processes needed to meet its requirements

Perform Quality Assurance

"Control charts, flowcharting, histograms, Pareto charts, and scatter diagrams are tools and techniques of which process ,,, "

Perform Quality Control

Perform Quality Assurance Process vs Control Quality Process

Perform Quality Insurance: - Audits - Plan - "Did we follow the quality plan?" Control Quality process: - Inspection - Products - "Did we build the product correctly?"

Which process numerically analyzes the effect of identified risks on overall project objectives?

Perform Quantitative Risk Analysis

You are assigned to implement the project control planWhat should you do to ensure the plan is effective and current

Perform periodic project performance reviews.

SPI = 1

Performance matches exact

"Scope, schedule, and cost parameters are integrated in the:"

Performance measurement baseline.

"Which of the following outputs from the Schedule Control process aids in the communication of SV, SPI or any performance status to stakeholders "

Performance measurements

"Forecasts, requested changes, recommended corrective actions, and organizational process asset updates are all outputs of which process "

Performance reporting

A tool or technique used in the Control Procurements process is

Performance reporting.

What is the definition of Direct and Manage Project Execution

Performing the activities included in the plan

What is the definition of project plan execution

Performing the activities included in the plan

Gold Plating

Performing unauthorized work

Who provides the inputs for the original estimates of activity durations for tasks on the project plan

Person who is most familiar with the task

Colocation

Physically locating team members in the same general space, such as a war room.

Feeding buffer

Placed where dependent activities that aren't on the critical chain intersect with critical chain.

The process of identifying the stakeholders' information needs is completed during

Plan Communications

3 C's of Communications knowledge area

Plan Communications Management Manage Communications Control Communications

"The process of identifying and documenting project roles, responsibilities, required skills, and reporting relationships and creating a staffing management plan is known as:"

Plan Human Resource Management

Organizational theory is a tool used in which Project Human Resource Management process?

Plan Human Resource Management

4HR - Processes of Human Resource Management knowledge area

Plan Human Resource Management Acquire Project Team Develop Project Team Manage Project team

"Which process identifies whether the needs of a project can best be met by acquiring products, services, or results outside of the organization?"

Plan Procurement Management

Processes in Procurement knowledge area

Plan Procurement management (planning) Conduct Procurements (Executing) Control Procurements (Monitoring & Controlling) Close Procurements (Closing)

3Q - Processes of Quality Management Knowledge Area

Plan Quality Management Perform Quality Assurance Control Quality

Quality Checklist

Plan Quality Management output created to ensure that all steps were performed and in the proper sequence. Created in Plan Quality Management and used in process of Control Quality.

6R - Processes of Project Risk Management knowledge area

Plan Risk Management (planning) identify Risks (planning) Qualitative Analysis (planning) Quantitative Analysis (planning) Plan Risk Responses (planning) Control Risk (control & monitor)

Processes in Risk knowledge area

Plan Risk management (planning) Identify Risks (planning) Perform Qualitative Risk Analysis (planning) Perform Quantitative Risk Analysis (planning) Plan Risk Responses (planning) Contril Risks (Monitoring & Controlling)

Expert Judgement, Meetings, & Analytical Techniques -- These are the three tools used within which processes?

Plan Schedule Management Plan Cost Management Plan Risk Management Close Project or Phase Plan Stakeholder Management

7 Processes in Time Management knowledge area

Plan Schedule Management (Planning) Define Activities (Planning) Sequence Activities (Planning) Estimate Activity Resources (Planning) Develop Schedule (Planning) Control Schedule (Monitoring & Controlling)

"The process of establishing the policies, procedures, and documentation for planning, developing, managing, executing, and controlling the project schedule is known as:"

Plan Schedule Management.

The process of defining how the project scope will be validated and controlled is known as

Plan Scope Management

"Organizational process assets, a lessons-learned database, and historical information are all inputs to which process "

Plan Stakeholder Management

A stakeholder expresses a need not known to the project managerThe project manager most likely missed a step in which stakeholder management process

Plan Stakeholder Management

Planning + communications management

Plan communications management

Planning + cost management

Plan cost management, estimate cost, determine budget.

Planning + human resources management

Plan human resources management

Planning + procurement management

Plan procurement management

Planning + quality management

Plan quality management

Planning + risk management

Plan risk management, identify risk, perform qualitative risk analysis, perform quantitative risk analysis, plan risk response.

Planning + time management

Plan schedule management, define activities, sequence activities, estimate activity resources, duration, develop schedule.

Planning + scope management

Plan scope management, collect requirements, defined scope, create WBS

Planning + stakeholder management

Plan stakeholder management

PV

Planned Value Approved budget for work scheduled

"The processes required to establish the scope of the project, refine the objectives, and define the course of action required to attain the objectives that the project has been undertaken to achieve are grouped within which Process Group "

Planning

"Which Project Management Process Group includes Collect Requirements, Define Activities, Sequence Activities, Perform Qualitative Risk Analysis, and Perform Quantitative Risk Analysis ,,, "

Planning

At which stage of the project should certain factors such as the unavailability of human resources due to constraint be considered

Planning

During which process group is the quality policy determined

Planning

Identify Risks is part of which Process Group

Planning

The Create WBS process is in which of the following Project Management Process Groups

Planning

The Plan Stakeholder Management process belongs to which Process Group?

Planning

Collect Requirements Process

Planning process in Scope Management knowledge area. Longest process in all of scope management. About understanding what is needed to satisfy the stakeholders and creating a document to reflect that understanding. Requirements are the primary means of understanding and managing stakeholder expectations.

Which type of management focuses on ensuring that projects and programs are reviewed to prioritize resource allocation

Portfolio

Ensuring that projects and programs are reviewed to prioritize resource allocation is a focus of which of the following

Portfolio management

"When a backward pass is calculated from a schedule constraint that is later than the early finish date that has been calculated during a forward pass calculation, this causes which type of total float?"

Positive

Which stakeholder classification model groups stakeholders based on their level of authority and their active involvement in the project?

Power/influence grid

Grouping the stakeholders based on their level of authority and their level of concern regarding project outcomes describes which classification model for stakeholder analysis

Power/interest grid

Which tool or technique can a project manager use to select in advance a team member who will be crucial to the task

Pre-assignment

Exhibit A is an example of which of the following types of Sequence Activities

Precedence diagramming

"A project in which the scope, time, and cost of delivery are determined as early as possible is following a life cycle that is:"

Predictive

"In the Define Activities process, the schedule management plan is used to "

Prescribe the level of detail needed to manage the work

Which of the following is an example of push communication

Press releases

Which of the following reduces the probability of potential consequences of project risk events

Preventive action

Otro tipo de Organizaciones a nivel internacional para manejo de proyectos

Prinss (Gran Bretaña) IKMA (Europa Continetal) xxx (Japon)

"Which of the following is a set of interrelated actions and activities performed to achieve a prespecified product, result, or service "

Process

Flow Charts

Process Map - inputs, outputs, actions Help analyze where problems may occur. Show relationships of activities, branching, decision points. SIPOC - COPIS suppliers inputs processes outputs customers

Which of the following choices is a contract closure tool or technique

Procurement audits

Which tool or technique is used in Close Procurements

Procurement audits

Which is used to solicit proposals from prospective sellers

Procurement document

An input to the Identify Stakeholders process is

Procurement documents

"Which of the following is a complete set of indexed contract documentation, including the closed contract "

Procurement file

The review of a seller?s progress toward achieving the goals of scope and quality within cost and schedule compared to the contract is known as:

Procurement performance reviews.

"Which document describes the procurement item in sufficient detail to allow prospective sellers to determine if they are capable of providing the products, services, or results "

Procurement statement of work

"Which input provides suppliers with a clear set of goals, requirements, and outcomes?"

Procurement statement of work

Which defines the portion of work included in a contract for items being purchased or acquired

Procurement statement of work

Which of the following is developed from the project scope baseline and defines only that portion of the project scope that is to be included within a related contract

Procurement statement of work

Schedule Model

Produces project schedule showing linked activities with planned start and finish dates, milestones estimated resources and other data.

Bottom-Up Estimating

Produces separate estimate for each schedule activity which are then aggregated up to summary nodes on the WBS. Very detailed, highly accurate

Which tool or technique is effective in a project in which the deliverable is not a service or result?

Product analysis

Cost of quality (COQ) refers to total cost of/to

Product inspection activities

Where are product requirements and characteristics documented

Product scope description

Accepted Deliverables

Products, results, or capabilities produced by a project and validated by the project customer or sponsors as meeting their specified acceptance criteria.

Which type of elaboration allows a project management team to manage at a greater level of detail as the project evolves

Progressive

"Which Knowledge Area is concerned with the processes required to ensure timely and appropriate generation, collection, distribution, storage, retrieval, and ultimate disposition of project information ,, "

Project Communications Management

Which of the following inputs is required for the WBS creation

Project Scope Management Plan

Which of the following are inputs to Activity Definition

Project Scope Statement and Work Breakdown Structure

"Which Knowledge Area involves identifying the people, groups, or organizations that may be impacted by or impact a project?"

Project Stakeholder Management

Key inputs to Develop Project Charter Process

Project Statement of Work Business Case

Develop Project Charger inputs

Project Statement of work Business case agreements enterprise environmental factors organizational process assets

Define Activities and Estimate Activity Resources are processes in which project management Knowledge Area

Project Time Management

Plan Schedule Management is a process in which Knowledge Area?

Project Time Management

What component of the project scope definition defines project exclusions

Project boundaries

Which of the following buffers protects the target finish date from slippage along the critical chain

Project buffer

"A projects purpose or justification, measurable project objectives and related success criteria, a summary milestone schedule, and a summary budget are all components of which document "

Project charter

"The business needs, assumptions, and constraints and the understanding of the customers needs and high-level requirements are documented in the "

Project charter

Which input to the Identify Stakeholders process provides information about internal or external parties related to the project?

Project charter

Which input to the Plan Risk Management process provides information on high-level risks?

Project charter

Which of the following can be used as an input for Define Scope?

Project charter

Inputs to develop project management plan

Project charter Outputs from other processes

Develop Project Management Plan Inputs

Project charter outputs from other processes enterprise environmental factors organizational process assets

Closed Procurements

Project contracts or other procurement agreements that have been formally acknowledged by the proper authorizing agent as being finalized and signed off.

Which of the following is an output of the Plan Quality process

Project document update

Which of the following is an output of the Perform Integrated Change Control process

Project document updates

Which input may influence quality assurance work and should be monitored within the context of a system for configuration management?

Project documents

Primary output of Process Perform Qualitative Risk Analysis

Project documents update

A project manager managing a cross-cultural virtual project team across several time zones should be concerned about the impacts of which communication technology factor?

Project environment

Project life cycle

Project goes through from the initiating of a project to the closing of a project

Which provides the basic framework for managing a project?

Project life cycle

The Cost Management processes and their associated tools and techniques are usually selected during which of the following

Project life cycle definition

during which of the following?"

Project life cycle definition

Which is a tool used in monitoring and controlling project work

Project management information system (PMIS)

What entity is assigned various responsibilities related to the centralized and coordinated management of those projects under its domain

Project management office

"Which document defines how a project is executed, monitored and controlled, and closed?"

Project management plan

A contract management plan is a subsidiary of what other type of plan

Project management plan

A procurement management plan is a subsidiary of which other type of plan

Project management plan

The scope management plan is a subsidiary of which project document

Project management plan

Which is an input to the Verify Scope process?

Project management plan

Which items are an output of the Perform Integrated Change Control process

Project management plan updates

Who MUST know when a risk event occurs so that a response can be implemented

Project management team

"In an organization with a projectized organizational structure, who controls the project budget "

Project manager

"Within a matrix organization, dual reporting of team members is a risk for project successWho is responsible for managing this dual reporting relationship factor "

Project manager

Who is responsible for developing the project management plan and all related component plans

Project manager

Who is responsible for determining which processes from the Process Groups will be employed and who will be performing them

Project manager and project team

Who selects the appropriate processes for a project

Project manager and project team

Projectized organization

Project manager controls all of the resources. 100% control.

Functional organization

Project manager has a little power over resources

Weak matrix

Project manager has more power than functional. Authority is low. Managed by functional manager.

Strong matrix

Project manager has the most power. Functional manager has very little power. Similar to projectized.

The greatest project conflict occurs between:

Project managers and functional managers -- schedules, priorities, resources.

What is one of the MAJOR outputs of activity sequencing

Project network diagram

A graphic display of project team members and their reporting relationships is known as a

Project organization chart

What is the name of a graphic display of project team members and their reporting relationships

Project organization chart

Information distribution involves making needed information available to project stakeholders in a timely mannerWhat is an output from information distribution

Project records

Which is an output from Distribute Information?

Project records

Which is one of the major outputs of Sequence Activities

Project schedule network diagram

Which of the following is a schematic display of the project's schedule activities and the logical relationships among them

Project schedule network diagram

Key output for Sequence Activities

Project schedule network diagrams

Key output of Sequence Activities process

Project schedule network diagrams

Key output for Develop Schedule

Project schedule, Schedule baseline

Key output of Develop Schedule process

Project schedule, Schedule baseline

"Which document includes the project scope, major deliverables, assumptions, and constraints "

Project scope statement

Which is an input to the Scope Verification Process

Project scope statement

Which of the following is an output of Define Scope

Project scope statement

"Which of the following correctly explains the term progressive elaboration', "

Project specifications becoming more explicit and detailed as the project progresses

Which stakeholder communicates with higher levels of management to gather organizational support and promote project benefits

Project sponsor

Who is responsible for initiating a project

Project sponsor

"Which of the following is a narrative description of products, services, or results to be delivered by a project "

Project statement of work

Inputs to develop a process charter

Project statement of work Business case Agreements

Who determines which dependencies are mandatory during the Sequence Activities process

Project team

Through whom do project managers accomplish work

Project team members and stakeholders

A project manager is appointed full-time to a project and is given full-time administrative staff and full-time project team members. This situation describes which type of organizational structure?

Projectized

Which type of organizational structure is displayed in the diagram provided

Projectized

Portfolio

Projects, programs, sub-portfolios, and operations managed as a group to achieve strategic objectives.

A method of obtaining early feedback on requirements by providing a working model of the expected product before actually building is known as:

Prototyping.

What does the PMO do?

Provide guidance and support for all project managers in the company, provide training for PMs, defines standards, provides templates, approvals or resource gathering, defiance project management role.

The creation of an internet site to engage stakeholders on a project is an example of which type of communication

Pull

Which of the following is an example of the simplest fixed-price contract

Purchase order

Which of the following processes includes prioritizing risks for subsequent further analysis or action by assessing and combining their probability of occurrence and impact

Qualitative risk analysis

Which process uses occurrence probability and impact on project objectives to assess the priority of identified risks

Qualitative risk analysis

"Which tool and technique identifies inefficient and ineffective policies, processes, and procedures "

Quality audits

Which item is an output of Plan Quality Management and an input to Perform Quality Assurance?

Quality metrics

Monte Carlo is which type of risk analysis technique

Quantitative

PMI destaca como fundamentales las herramientas del PMBOKGuide

Que el gerente de proyectos. - Conozca los factores críticos para el éxito del proyecto. - Que cuente con adecuada gestión del cronograma. - Que genere y entregue correctamente informes financieros que el negocio ha solicitado. - Que lleve un registro de incidentes.

Return on Asset Examples (High ROA and Low ROA)

ROA and asset intensity (the amount or value of assets required to complete a project) have an inverse relationship: the higher the ROA, the lower the asset intensity. In this case, fewer assets contribute to higher profits. An example of a company having low ROA would be most manufacturing units that require expensive machinery to build flagship products. These manufacturing units are highly asset intensive, but exhibit lower ROA. An example of a high ROA could be projects undertaken by strategy and management consulting firms. These firms are not heavily invested in assets and hence exhibit a very high ROA.

Fast Tracking

Re-ordering of sequence of activities so that some are performed in parallel. Almost always increases risk.

Which tools or techniques will a project manager use for Develop Project Team

Recognition and rewards

Which tools or techniques will the project manager use for developing the project team

Recognition and rewards

Which of the following are documented directions to perform an activity that can reduce the probability of negative consequences associated with project risks

Recommended preventive actions

Historical information

Records what has been learned from previous projects

"When closing a project or phase, part of the process may require the use of which type of analysis "

Regression analysis

11 Analytical Techniques

Regression analysis Grouping methods causal analysis root cause analysis forecasting methods failure mode and effective analysis (FMEA) Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) Reserve Analysis Trend Analysis Earned value management Variance analysis

"Impacts to other organizational areas, levels of service, and acceptance criteria are typical components of which document "

Requirements documentation

Which document in the project management plan can be updated in the Plan Procurement Management process

Requirements documentation

Regulation

Requirements imposed by a governmental body. These requirements can establish product, process, or service characteristics, including applicable administrative provisions that have government-mandated compliance.

"Which of the following includes how requirements activities will be planned, tracked, and reported "

Requirements management plan

The chart below is an example of a

Requirements traceability matrix

Which Collect Requirements output links the product requirements to the deliverables that satisfy them?

Requirements traceability matrix

Which is an output of the Collect Requirements process

Requirements traceability matrix

Which of the following helps to ensure that each requirement adds business value by linking it to the business and project objectives

Requirements traceability matrix

Which of the following project documents is an input to the Control Scope process

Requirements traceability matrix

Which Activity Duration Estimating technique incorporates additional timing for contingency purposes

Reserve Analysis

Which cost estimate technique includes contingencies to account for cost uncertainty

Reserve analysis

Which enterprise environmental factors may influence Plan Schedule Management

Resource availability and organizational culture and structure

What type of project structure is a hierarchically organized depiction of the resources by type

Resource breakdown structure (RBS)

"In Project Cost Management, which input is exclusive to the Determine Budget process "

Resource calendars

An input to the Estimate Activity Resources process is

Resource calendars

"Labor, materials, equipment, and supplies are examples of "

Resource categories

Which of the following is a tool and technique used in the Develop Schedule process

Resource leveling

Which of the following schedule network analysis techniques is applied when a critical path method calculation has been completed and resources availability is critical?

Resource leveling

"The project manager at an organization has just realized that some of the engineering staff has been allocated to project Y and will not be available to finish task XThe project manager has also discovered that at the current pace, it will not be possible to complete the project on timeDue to cost constraints, hiring more work force is not a viable optionWhich tools are at the manager's disposal "

Resource leveling and fast tracking

Project Time Management is concerned primarily with:

Resources, Activities, Scheduling, Schedule Management

The organization's perceived balance between risk taking and risk avoidance is reflected in the risk:

Responses

Contingent Response Strategies

Responses provided which may be used in the event that a specific trigger occurs.

Which illustrates the connection between work that needs to be done and its project team members

Responsibility assignment matrix (RAM)

Which of the following is used to illustrate the connections between work packages or activities and project team members

Responsibility assignment matrix (RAM)

Which illustrates the connection between work that needs to be done and its project team members

Responsibility matrix

Four key values of identified as most important to the project management community

Responsibility, Respect, Fairness, Honesty

Which piece of information is part of the WBS Dictionary

Responsible organization

Communication Contraints

Restrictions on the content, timing, audience, or individual who will deliver a communication usually stemming from specific legislation or regulation, technology or organizational policies.

"At the completion of a project, a report is prepared that details the outcome of the research conducted on a global trend during the project. Which item did this project create?"

Result

Return on Asset (ROA)

Return on assets is a measure of a firm's ability to use its assets efficiently to generate revenue. Return on assets = (net income before or after taxes ÷ total asset value) × 100

Return on Investment

Return on investment = (net income before or after taxes ÷ total investment) × 100 The higher the ROI, the more attractive the project is to the company.

Return on Sales

Return on sales (ROS) is a measure of a firm's operational efficiency. Return on sales = (net income before or after taxes ÷ total sales) × 100

Risk Urgency Assessment

Review and determination of the timing of actions that may need to occur sooner than other risk items.

Forms of Power

Reward Expert Legitimate Referent Punishment

Best forms of power

Reward and Expert

RBS

Risk Breakdown Structure A graphical, hierarchical decomposition used to facilitate understanding and organization. Breaking down the categories of risks -- not the actual risks, they won't be known yet -- we are breaking down the categories of risks that we will evaluate.

Which changes occur in risk and uncertainty as well as the cost of changes as the life cycle of a typical project progresses?

Risk and uncertainty decrease; the cost of changes increases.

The diagram below is an example of a

Risk breakdown structure (RBS)

What is a hierarchically organized depiction of the identified project risks arranged by risk category

Risk breakdown structure (RBS)

An input to the Identify Risks process is the

Risk management plan

Primary output of Process Plan Risk Management

Risk management plan

In which process might you use risk reassessment as a tool and technique

Risk monitoring and control

Which of the following is an input to the Qualitative Risk Analysis process

Risk register

"What type of planning is used where the work to be accomplished in the near term is planned in detail, while work in the future is planned at a higher level "

Rolling wave planning

Which of the following is a tool or technique of the Define Activities process

Rolling wave planning

Which tool or technique of the Define Activities process allows for work to exist at various levels of detail depending on where it is in the project life cycle

Rolling wave planning

"The specific technique for identifying a problem, discovering the causes that lead to it, and developing preventive actions is "

Root cause analysis

"Which Perform Quality Assurance tool or technique is used to identify a problem, discover the underlying causes that lead to it, and develop preventative actions "

Root cause analysis

"Power, urgency, and legitimacy are attributes of which stakeholder classification model "

Salience

A reward can only be effective if it is:

Satisfying a need valued by the individual.

Contract related formulas (Savings, Bonus, Contract Cost, Total Cost)

Savings = Target Cost - Actual Cost Bonus = Savings x Percentage Contract Cost = Bonus + Fees Total Cost = Actual Cost + Contract Cost

Which basic quality tool explains a change in the dependent variable in relationship to a change observed in the corresponding independent variable

Scatter diagram

Key outputs of process Develop Schedule

Schedule Baseline Project Schedule

Key output for Plan Schedule Management

Schedule Management Plan

Key output of Plan Schedule Management process

Schedule Management Plan

Key output of process Plan Schedule Management

Schedule Management Plan

Key inputs to process Develop Schedule

Schedule Management Plan Activity List Activity Attributes Project Schedule Network Diagrams Activity Resource Requirements Resource Calendars Activity Duration Estimates Project Scope Statement

Key inputs to process Estimate Activity Resources

Schedule Management Plan Activity List Activity Attributes Resource Calendars

Key inputs to process Define Activities

Schedule Management Plan Scope Baseline

A project manager needs to deliver the project 2 weeks before the planned date without changing the scopeWhich of the following techniques may be applied to reevaluate the schedule

Schedule crashing

An output of Control Schedule is

Schedule forecasts

Inputs to monitor and control project work

Schedule forecasts Cost forecasts Validate charges Work performance information

Key outputs of Plan Scope Management Process

Scope Management Plan Requirements Management Plan

An output of the Create WBS process is

Scope baseline

Which Control Scope input is compared to actual results to determine if corrective action is required for the project

Scope baseline

Which item is an input to the Define Activities process?

Scope baseline

Which of the following consists of the detailed project scope statement and its associatedWBSand 0WBS dictionary

Scope baseline

During which process would you obtain stakeholders' formal acceptance of the completed project scope

Scope verification

Seven constraints of a project

Scope, cost, risk, quality, customer satisfaction, resources, time.

Which of the following is an output of the Conduct Procurements process

Selected sellers

A weighting system is a tool for which area of Conduct Procurements

Selecting seller's

An input to Conduct Procurements is:

Seller proposals

Which of the following is an example of a technique used in quantitative risk analysis

Sensitivity analysis

Which technique helps to determine the risks that have the most potential impact on a project

Sensitivity analysis

Which technique is used in Perform Quantitative Risk Analysis

Sensitivity analysis

The milestone list is an input to which process from the Planning Process Group

Sequence Activities

Which process involves identifying and documenting the logical relationships between project activities

Sequence Activities

The process of identifying and documenting relationships among the project activities is known as:

Sequence Activities.

Which of the following risk response strategies involves allocating ownership of a positive risk to a third party

Share

What name(s) is (are) associated with the Plan-Do-Check-Act cycle

Shewhart-Deming

Resource histogram

Shows the resource usage for a given period of time

Risk Register

Single output of Identify Risks Process List of all risks, their causes, and any possible response to the risks.

"If the most likely duration of an activity is five weeks, the best-case duration is two weeks, and the worst-case duration is 14 weeks, how many weeks is the expected duration of the activity "

Six

Resource

Skilled human resources (specific disciplines either individually or in crews or teams), equipment, services, supplies, commodities, material, budgets, or funds.

Which of the following is a conflict resolution technique that emphasizes areas of agreement rather than areas of difference

Smoothing

Functional Manager

Someone with management authority over an organizational unit within a functional organization. The manage of any group that actually makes a product or performs a service. Sometimes called a line manager.

Tool

Something tangible, such as a template or software program, used in performing an activity to produce a product or result.

Communication Technology

Specific tools, systems, computer programs, etc., used to transfer information among project stakeholders.

Quality Metrics

Specifically define how quality will be measured such as, weight, density, time, color, etc

The Plan Procurements process includes documenting project purchasing decisions and what other steps

Specifying the approach and identifying potential sellers

Which component of the human resource management plan describes when and how project team members are acquired and how long they will be needed

Staffing management plan

Which type of analysis is used to develop the communications management plan

Stakeholder

Which type of analysis systemically gathers and analyzes qualitative and quantitative information to determine which interests should be taken into account throughout the project?

Stakeholder

Which is a tool or technique used in scope definition

Stakeholder analysis

Which element does a project charter contain

Stakeholder list

Which input to the Manage Stakeholder Engagement process provides guidance on how stakeholders can best be involved in a project?

Stakeholder management plan

Criteria

Standards, rules, or tests on which a judgment or decision can be based or by which a product, service, result, or process can be evaluated.

At which point of the project is the uncertainty the highest and the risk of failing the greatest

Start of the project

McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y

States that there are two ways to categorize and understand people in the workplace. Managers who ascribe to Theory X presume the team members are only interested in their own selfish goals. Unmotivated, dislike work, must be forced to do productive work. Believe that constant supervision is needed. Managers who ascribe to Theory Y assume that people are naturally motivated to do good work. Need very little external motivation and can be trusted to work toward organization's or project's goals.

What is a technique used in the performance reporting process

Status review meetings

Which is a communication method used in the Report Performance process

Status review meetings

Finish to Finish

Successor cannot finish until predecessor finishes -- finish about the same time

Start to Finish

Successor cannot finish until predecessor has started.

Which of the following are outputs of Develop Project Team

Team performance assessments and enterprise environmental factor updates

Which of the following tools and techniques is used in the Develop Project Team process

Team-building activities

"Which type of agreement is legal, contractual, and between two or more entities to form a partnership, joint venture, or some other arrangement as defined by the parties ,,, "

Teaming

"In the Develop Project Team process, which of the following is identified as a critical factor for a project's success "

Teamwork

"In the Plan Procurement Management process, which source selection criteria analyzes if the seller's proposed technical methodologies, techniques, solutions, and services meet the procurement documents requirements?"

Technical approach

Which of the following is a tool and technique used to monitor risk

Technical performance measurement

Idea/Mind Mapping

Technique used to consolidate ideas created through individual brainstorming sessions into a single map to reflect commonality and differences in understanding and to generate new ideas.

Group Creativity Technique

Techniques that are used to generate ideas within a group of stakeholders.

Group Decision-Making Techniques

Techniques to assess multiple alternative that will be used to generate, classify, and prioritize product requirements.

Data Gathering and Representation Techniques

Techniques used to collect, organize, and present data and information.

Schedule Compression

Techniques used to shorten the schedule duration without reducing the project scope.

"An electronics firm authorizes a new project to develop a faster, cheaper, and smaller laptop after improvements in the industry and electronics technologyWith which of the following strategic considerations is this project mainly concerned "

Technological advance

Cost Management Plan

Tells how costs estimates will be derived and how accurate and precise they are expected to be.

Which characteristic is unique to project work and does not apply to operational work

Temporary

Estándar

Texto, referencia, serie de buenas practicas reconocidas y que deriva su autoridad que emite el estándar (cumplimiento voluntario)

Which group creativity technique asks a selected group of experts to answer questionnaires and provide feedback regarding the responses from each round of requirements gathering

The Delphi technique

Key output of Develop Project Charter Process

The Project Charter

Buyer

The acquirer of products, services, or results for an organization.

Tailor

The act of carefully selecting process and related inputs and outputs contained within the PMBOK Guide to determine a subset of specific processes that will be included within a project's overall management approach.

Material

The aggregate of things used by an organization in any undertaking, such as equipment, apparatus, tools, machinery, gear, and supplies.

Project Management System

The aggregation of the processes, tools, techniques, methodologies, resources, and procedures to manage a project.

Project Governance

The alignment of project objectives with the strategy of the larger organization by the project sponsor and project team. A project's governance is defined by and is required to fit within the larger context of the program or organization sponsoring it, but is separate from organizational governance.

Cost Variance (CV)

The amount of budget deficit or surplus at a given point in time, expressed as the difference between the earned value and the actual cost.

Total Float

The amount of time that a schedule activity can be delayed or extended from its early start date without delaying the project finish date or violating a schedule constraint.

Specification Limits

The area, on either side of the centerline, or mean, of data plotted on a control chart that meets the customer's requirements for a product or service. This area may be greater than or less than the area defined by control limits.

Validation

The assurance that a product, service, or system meets the needs of the customer and other identified stakeholders. It often involves acceptance and suitability with external customers. Contrast with verification.

Stakeholder Management Plan

The blank is a subsidiary plan of the project management plan that defines the processes, procedures, tools, and techniques to effectively engage stakeholders in project decisions and execution based on the analysis of their needs, interests, and potential impact.

Process Decision Program Charts (PDPC)

The blank is used to understand a goal in relation to the steps for getting to the goal.

Emotional Intelligence

The capability to identify, assess, and manage the personal emotions of oneself and other people, as well as the collective emotions of groups of people.

Grade

The category of products or services that have similar functions but different characteristics

Portfolio Management

The centralized management of one or more portfolios to achieve strategic objectives.

Schedule Data

The collection of information for describing and controlling the schedule.

Network Logic

The collections of schedule activity dependencies that makes up a project schedule network diagram.

Risk Appetite

The degree of uncertainty an entity is willing to take on, in anticipation of a reward.

Quality

The degree to which a set of inherent characteristics fulfills requirements

Quality

The degree to which a set of inherent characteristics fulfills requirements.

Risk Tolerance

The degree, amount, or volume of risk that an organization or individual will withstand.

Flowchart

The depiction in a diagram format of the inputs, process actions and outputs of one or more processes within a system.

Project Scope Statement

The description of the project scope, major deliverables, assumptions, and constraints.

Procurement Documents

The documents utilized in bid and proposal activities, which include the buyer's Invitation for Bid, Invitation for Negotiations, Request for Information, Request for Quotation, Request for Proposal, and seller's response.

Sponsoring Organization

The entity responsible for providing the project's sponsor and a conduit for project funding or other project resources.

Verification

The evaluation of whether or not a product, service, or system complies with a regulation, requirement, specification, or imposed condition. It is often an internal process. Contrast with validation.

Estimate to Complete (ETC)

The expected cost to finish all the remaining project work.

Estimate at Completion (EAC)

The expected total cost of completing all work expressed as the sum of the actual cost to date and the estimate to complete.

The schedule is built from:

The ground up, derived from the scope baseline.

Progressive Elaboration

The iterative process of increasing the level of detail in a project management plan as greater amounts of information and more accurate estimates become available.

Organizational Project Management Maturity

The level of an organization's ability to deliver the desired strategic outcomes in a predictable, controllable, and reliable manner.

Earned Value (EV)

The measure of work performed expressed in terms of the budget authorized for that work.

Bidder Conference

The meetings with prospective sellers prior to the preparation of a bid or proposal to ensure all prospective vendors have a clear and common understanding of the procurement. Also know as contractor conferences, vendor conferences, or pre-bid conferences.

Project Management Team

The members of the project team who are directly involved in project management activities. On some smaller projects, the blank may include virtually all of the project team members.

Project Management Staff

The members of the project team who perform management activities such as schedule, communications, risk management, etc.

Process: Develop Project Team

The most important process in Project Human Resource Management. Is an executing process that focuses on building a sense of team and improving its performance.

Effort

The number of labor units required to complete a schedule activity or work breakdown structure component often expressed in hours, days or weeks.

Quality Management System

The organizational framework whose structure provides the policies, processes, procedures, and resources required to implement the quality management plan. The typical project quality management plan should be compatible to the organization's system.

Work Performance Information

The performance data collected from various controlling processes, analyzed in context and integrated based on relationships across areas.

Project Manager (PM)

The person assigned by the performing organization to lead the team that is responsible for achieving the project objectives.

Work Performance Reports

The physical or electronic representation of work performance information compiled in project documents, intended to generate decisions, actions, or awareness.

Negotiation

The process and activities to resolving disputes through consultations between involved parties.

Determine Budget

The process of aggregating the estimated costs of individual activities or work packages to establish an authorized cost baseline.

Develop Schedule

The process of analyzing activity sequences durations, resource requirements, and schedule constraints to create the project model.

Develop Schedule

The process of analyzing activity sequences, durations, resource requirements, and schedule constraints to create the project schedule model.

Perform Quality Assurance

The process of auditing the quality requirements and the results form quality control measurements to ensure that appropriate quality standards and operational definitions are used.

Perform Quality Assurance

The process of auditing the quality requirements and the results from quality control measurements to ensure that appropriate quality standards and operational definitions are used.

Advertising

The process of calling public attention to a project or effort.

Manage Stakeholder Engagement

The process of communicating and working with stakeholders to meet their needs/expectations, address issues as they occur, and foster appropriate stakeholder engagement in project activities throughout the project life cycle.

Funding Limit Reconciliation

The process of comparing the planned expenditure of project funds agains any limits on the commitment of funds for the project to identify any variances between the funding limits and the planned expenditures.

Close Procurements

The process of completing each project procurement.

Acquire Project Team

The process of confirming human resource availability and obtaining the team necessary to complete project activities.

Plan Scope Management

The process of creating a plan that documents how the project scope will be defined, validated, and controlled.

Plan Scope Management

The process of creating a scope management plan that documents how the project scope will be defined, validate, and controlled.

Manage Communications

The process of creating, collecting, distributing, storing, retrieving and the ultimate disposition of project information in accordance with the communications management plan.

Manage Communications

The process of creating, collecting, distributing, storing, retrieving, and the ultimate disposition of project information in accordance with the communications management plan.

Plan Risk Management

The process of defining how to conduct risk management activities for a project.

Develop Project Management Plan

The process of defining, preparing, and coordinating all subsidiary plans and integrating them into a comprehensive plan. The project's integrated baselines and subsidiary plans may be included within the project management plan.

Develop Project Management Plan

The process of defining, preparing, and coordinating all subsidiary plans and integrating them into a comprehensive project management plan.

Identify Risks

The process of determining which risks may affect the project and documenting their characteristics.

Collect Requirements

The process of determining, documenting, and managing stakeholder needs and requirements to meet project objectives.

Define Scope

The process of developing a detailed description of the project and product.

Develop Project Charter

The process of developing a document that formally authorizes the existence of a project and provides the project manager with the authority to apply organizational resources to project activities.

Plan Communications Management

The process of developing an appropriate approach and plan for project communications based on stakeholder's information needs and requirements and available organizational assets.

Plan Communications Management

The process of developing an appropriate approach and plan for project communications based on stakeholder's information needs and requirements, and available organizational assets.

Estimate Costs

The process of developing an approximation of the monetary resources needed to compete project activities.

Estimate Costs

The process of developing an approximation of the monetary resources needed to complete project activities.

Plan Stakeholder Management

The process of developing appropriate management strategies to effectively engage stakeholders throughout the project life cycle, based on the analysis of their needs interests, and potential impact on project success.

Plan Stakeholder Management

The process of developing appropriate management strategies to effectively engage stakeholders throughout the project life cycle, based on the analysis of their needs, interests, and potential impact on project success.

Plan Risk Responses

The process of developing options and actions to enhance opportunities and to reduce threats to project objectives.

Plan Procurement Management

The process of documenting project procurement decisions, specifying the approach, and identifying potential sellers.

Plan Schedule Management

The process of establishing the policies, procedures, and documentation for planning, developing, managing, executing, and controlling the project schedule.

Estimate Activity Durations

The process of estimating the number of work periods needed to complete individual activities and estimated resources.

Estimate Activity Durations

The process of estimating the number of work periods needed to complete individual activities with estimated resources.

Estimate Activity Resources

The process of estimating the type and quantities of material, human resources, equipment, or supplies required to perform each activity.

Estimate Activity Resources

The process of estimating the type of quantities of material, human resources, equipment, or supplies required to perform each activity.

What-If Scenario Analysis

The process of evaluating scenarios in order to predict their effect on project objectives.

Close Project or Phase

The process of finalizing all activities across all of the Project Management Process Groups to formally complete the phase or project.

Close Project or Phase

The process of finalizing all activities across all the Project Management Process Groups to formally complete a project or phase.

Validate Scope

The process of formalizing acceptance of the completed project deliverables.

Documentation Reviews

The process of gathering a corpus of information and reviewing it to determine accuracy and completeness.

Market Research

The process of gathering information at conferences, online reviews, and a variety of sourced to identify market capabilities.

Plan Human Resource Management

The process of identifying and documenting project roles, responsibilities, required skills, reporting relationships, and creating a staffing management plan.

Sequence Activities

The process of identifying and documenting relationships among the project activities.

Define Activities

The process of identifying and documenting the specific actions to be performed to produce the project deliverables.

Plan Quality Management

The process of identifying quality requirements and/or standards for the project and its deliverables and documenting how the project will demonstrate compliance with quality requirements and/or standards.

Plan Quality Management

The process of identifying quality requirements and/or standards for the project and its deliverables, and documenting how the project will demonstrate compliance with quality requirements and/or standards.

Identify Stakeholders

The process of identifying the people, groups, or organizations that could impact or be impacted by a decision, activity, or outcome of the project; and analyzing and documenting relevant information regarding their interests, involvement, inter-dependencies, influence, and potential impact on project success.

Identify Stakeholders

The process of identifying the people, groups, or organizations that could impact or be impacted by a decision, activity, or outcome of the project; and analyzing and documenting relevant information regarding their interests, involvement, interdependencies, influence, and potential impact on project success,

Develop Project Team

The process of improving competencies, team member interaction, and overall team environment to enhance project performance.

Develop Project Team

The process of improving competencies, team member interactions, and overall team environment to enhance project performance.

Direct and Manage Project Work

The process of leading and performing the work defined in the project management plan and implementing approved changes to achieve the project's objectives.

Direct and Manage Project work

The process of leading and performing the work defined in the project management plan and implementing approved changes to achieve the project's objectives.

Control Procurements

The process of managing procurement relationships, monitoring contract performance, and making changes and corrections as appropriate.

Control Communications

The process of monitoring and controlling communications throughout the entire project life cycle to ensure the information needs of the project stakeholders are met.

Control Quality

The process of monitoring and recording results of executing the quality activities to assess performance and recommend necessary changes.

Control Stakeholder Engagement

The process of monitoring overall project stakeholder relationships and adjusting strategies and plans for engaging stakeholders.

Control Schedule

The process of monitoring the status of project activities to update project progress and manage changes to the schedule baseline to achieve the plan.

Control Scope

The process of monitoring the status of the project and product scope and managing changes to the scope baseline.

Control Costs

The process of monitoring the status of the project to update the project costs and managing changes to the baseline.

Control Costs

The process of monitoring the status of the project to update the the project costs and managing changes to the cost baseline.

Perform Quantitative Risk Analysis

The process of numerically analyzing the effect of identified risks on overall project objectives.

Perform Qualitative Risk Analysis

The process of prioritizing risks for further analysis or action assessing and combining their probability of occurrence and impact.

Perform Qualitative Risk Analysis

The process of prioritizing risks for further analysis or action by assessing and combining their probability of occurrence and impact.

Claims Administration

The process of processing, adjudicating, and communicating contract claims.

Proposal Evaluation Techniques

The process of reviewing proposals provided by suppliers to support contract award decisions.

Create WBS

The process of subdividing project deliverable and project work into smaller, more manageable components.

Create WBS

The process of subdividing project deliverables and project work into smaller, more manageable components.

Manage Project Team

The process of tracking team member performance, providing feedback, resolving issues, and managing changes to optimize project performance.

Manage Project Team

The process of tracking team member performance, providing feedback, resolving issues, and managing team changes to optimize project performance.

Which of the following is a project constraint

The product is needed in 250 days

"Projects can be divided into phases to provide better management controlCollectively, what are these phases known as "

The project life cycle

"Who, along with the project manager, is supposed to direct the performance of the planned project activities and manage the various technical and organizational interfaces that exist within the project "

The project management team

Activity Cost Estimates

The projected cost of the scheduled activity that include the cost of all resources required to perform and complete the activity, including all cost types and cost components.

Tolerance

The quantified description of acceptable variation for a quality requirement.

Activity Duration Estimates

The quantitative assessments of the likely number of time periods that are required to complete an activity.

Work Performance Data

The raw observations and measurements identified during activities being performed to carry out the project work.

Actual Cost (AC)

The realized cost incurred for the work performed on an activity during a specific time period.

Procurement Audits

The review of contacts and contracting processes for completeness, accuracy, and effectiveness.

Authority

The right to apply project resources, expend funds, make decisions, or give approvals.

Fast tracking is a schedule compression technique used to shorten the project schedule without changing project scopeWhich of the following can result from fast tracking?

The risk of achieving the shortened project time is increase

Selected Sellers

The sellers which have been selected to provide a contracted set of services or products.

Critical Path

The sequence of activities that represents the longest path through a project, which determines the shortest possible duration.

Product Life Cycle

The series of phase that represent the evolution of a product, from concept through delivery, growth, maturity, and to retirement.

Project Life Cycle

The series of phases that a project passes through from its initiation to its closure.

Human Resource management Plan

The sole output of the Plan Human Resource Management Process. Comprised of 3 components: 1. roles & responsibilities 2. organizational charts 3. staffing management plan

Release criteria for team members is defined as part of:

The staffing management plan

Which of the following is TRUE about most project life cycles

The stakeholders' influence is highest at the start

Scope

The sum of the products, services, and results, to be provided as a project.

Contract Change Control System

The system used to collect, track, adjudicate, and communicate changes to a contract.

Payment Systems

The system used to provide and track supplier's invoices and payments for services and products.

Traceability matrix

The table is created that will link the requirement back to its source. Help to manage changes in the project scope.

Schedule Network Analysis

The technique of identifying early and late start dates, as well as early and late finish dates, for the uncompleted portions of project schedule activities.

Precedence Relationship

The term used in the precedence diagramming method for a logical relationship. In current usage, however, blank, logical relationship, and dependency are widely used interchangeably, regardless of the diagramming method used.

Actual Duration

The time in calendar units between the actual start date of the schedule activity and either the data date of the project schedule if the schedule activity is in progress or the actual finish date if the schedule activity is complete.

Activity Duration

The time in calendar units between the start and finish of a schedule activity.

Effort

The time required to complete an activity. Typically listed in hours or days or weeks.

Duration (DU of DUR)

The total number of work periods (not including holidays or other nonworking periods) required to complete a schedule activity or work breakdown structure component. Usually expressed as workdays or workweeks. Sometimes incorrectly equated with elapsed time. contrast with effort.

Activity Resource Requirements

The types and quantities of resources required for each activity in a work package.

Scope Creep

The uncontrolled expansion to product or project scope without adjustments to time, cost, and resources.

Work Package

The work defined at the lowest level of the work breakdown structure for which cost and duration can be estimated and managed.

Project Scope

The work performed to deliver a product, service, or result with the specified features and functions.

"A project has an EV of 100 workdays, an AC of 120 workdays, and a PV of 80 workdaysWhat should be the concern "

There is a cost overrun

"Your project has an EV of 100 work-days, an AC of 120 work-days, and a PV of 80 work daysWhat should be your concern "

There is a cost overrun

Quality Management and Control Tools

They are a type of quality planning tools used to link and sequence the activities identified.

Initiating Process Group

Those processes performed to define a new project or a new phase of an existing project by obtaining authorization to start the project or phase.

Closing Process Group

Those processes performed to finalize all activities across all Process Groups to formally close a project or phase.

Planning Process Group

Those processes required to establish the scope of the project, refine the objectives, and define the course of action required to attain the objectives that the project was undertaken to achieve.

Monitoring and Controlling Process Group

Those processes required to track, review, and regulate the progress and performance of the project; identify any areas in which changes to the plan are required; and initiate the corresponding changes.

Which type of estimating is used to improve the accuracy of an activity's duration

Three-point

Which of the following tools and techniques is used to estimate cost?

Three-point estimate

When does Monitor and Control Risks occur

Throughout the life of the project

When does risk monitoring and control occur

Throughout the life of the project

Código de ética y conducta profesional del PMI

Tiene como propósito infundir confianza en la profesión de manejo de proyectos, mediante la aplicación con un alto grado de certidumbre de los cuatro conceptos (normas) éticos cardinales

Which type of contract is a hybrid of both a cost-reimbursable and a fixed-price contract

Time and Material Contract (T&M)

Units of measure for resources

Time measurements for staff (hours, days, weeks)

Which of the following forecasting methods uses historical data as the basis for estimating future outcomes

Time series

Management reserves

Time withheld for management control purposes. Unforeseen work that is within scope

Three baselines

Time, scope, cost

The definition of when and how often the risk management processes will be performed throughout the project life cycle is included in which risk management plan component?

Timing

What is the function of a Project Management Office (PMO)?

To focus on the coordinated planning, prioritization, and execution of projects and subprojects that are tied to the parent organizations or the client's overall business objectives.

TCPI

To-Complete Performance Index Performance needed in order to achieve your earned value targets. Index < 1 = Good Index >1 = Bad

Which index is the calculated projection of cost performance that must be achieved on the remaining work to meet a specified management goal

To-complete performance

"The degree, amount, or volume of risk that an organization or individual will withstand is known as its risk "

Tolerance

Procurement Audit:

Tool in close procurements process Used to capture lessons learned from contracting perspective

Risk Audits

Tool that is focused on overall risk management. Top-down process. evaluate how the risk management plan and the risk response plan are working as the project progresses. Are the risks that were identified and prioritized actually occurring.

Portfolio

Top level of projects. Represents entire investment in projects and programs. Should be aligned to strategic goals.

Sensitivity analysis is typically displayed as a/an:

Tornado diagram

Design of experiments (DOE) should be used during which of the following processes

Total Quality Management

TQM

Total Quality Management Everyone in company is responsible for quality and is able to make a difference. Invented by Walter Shewhart, made popular by W. Edwards Deming. Today Japan give Deming prize as national award for quality. How something is produced becomes more important than what is actually produced.

"The risk management team of a software project has decided that due to the lack of adequate talent in the company, development of a specific part of the system is under high risk, so the team has decided to outsource itThis is an example of which risk response "

Transfer

Which of the following strategies is used to deal with risks that may have a negative impact on project objectives

Transfer

Taking out insurance in relation to risk management is called what

Transference

Key output of Close Project or Phase Process

Transition of final product, service, or result

Which quality management and control tool is useful in visualizing parent-to-child relationships in any decomposition hierarchy that uses a systematic set of rules that define a nesting relationship?

Tree diagram

Which type of analysis is used to examine project results through time to determine if performance is improving or deteriorating

Trend

Which of the following methods of performance review examines project performance over time to determine if performance is improving or deteriorating

Trend analysis

Team Role: Gate Keepers

Two constructive team roles - 1. Someone who draws others in, encouraging entire team to participate on the project. 2. Someone who judges whether or not the project should continue at different stages.

Which of the following is a means of reaching a group decision in which everyone agrees on a single course of action

Unanimity

Group decision making technique

Unanimous, majority, plurality, dictatorship

Which of the following makes changes to formally control documentation to reflect modified or additional ideas or content

Updates

"When a control chart is used to monitor performance of a process, which of the following will be set by the project manager and the appropriate stakeholders to reflect the point(s) at which corrective action will be taken to prevent exceeding the specification limits "

Upper and lower control limit

Internal Rate of Return Interpretation Only

Used to rank several projects based on the expected return; Bigger is better (IRR) It is the rate at which an investment will yield returns. Normally, IRR is expressed as a percentage. So when the IRR is 5%, it means that for every $100 that you invest, the return on investment will be $105. The higher the IRR, the more lucrative the project will be. The IRR is also referred to as the "return on investment."

Analogous Estimating

Uses actual results of projects that have been performed by your organization as the estimates for activities. Top Down Quick & dirty - may be useful early in project. Less time, less cost, less accurate.

Monitoring and controlling + scope management

Validate and control scope

Precision

Values of repeated measurements are close to each other. little scatter.

Which technique is utilized in the Schedule Control process

Variance Analysis

What cost control technique is used to compare actual project performance to planned or expected performance

Variance analysis

Which of the following techniques is used during Control Scope

Variance analysis

Which technique is utilized in the Control Schedule process

Variance analysis

Which type of analysis is used to determine the cause and degree of difference between the baseline and actual performance

Variance analysis

Analytical Techniques

Various techniques used to evaluate, analyze, or forecast potential outcomes based on possible variations of project or environmental variables and their relationships with other variables. Examples are Regression Analysis, Earned Value Management, and Time Series Forecasting methods.

Which tool or technique is used in the Estimate Costs process

Vendor bid analysis

Project deliverables that have been completed and checked for correctness through the Control Quality process are known as

Verified deliverables

During which process would stakeholders provide formal acceptance of the completed project scope

Verify Scope

Which type of team can be defined as a group of people with a shared goal who fulfill their roles although spending little or no time meeting face to face

Virtual team

Which of the following terms indicates a deliverable-oriented hierarchical decomposition of the project work

WBS

A project manager's authority is limited within which of the following organizational structures

Weak Matrix

Expert Power

When the manager is an expert on the subject. People will listen to him because of his credibility. Has significant power to influence and control behavior.

"In the Initiating Process Group, at what point does the project become officially authorized "

When the project charter is signed

When can pre-assignment of project team members occur

When the project is the result of specific people being promised as part of a competitive proposal

When is a project finished

When the project objectives have been met

Retreating from an actual or potential conflict or postponing the issue to be better prepared or to be resolved by others describes which of the five general techniques for managing conflict

Withdraw/avoid

Customer Satisfaction

Within the quality management system, a state of fulfillment in which the needs of a customer are met or exceeded for the customer's expected experiences as assessed by the customer at the moment of evaluation.

Conformance

Within the quality management system, blank is a general concept of delivering results that fall within the limits that define acceptable variation for a quality requirement.

Accuracy

Within the quality management system, blank is an assessment of correctness.

Used to ensure work gets performed at the right time and in the correct sequence

Work Authorization System

WAS

Work Authorization System - Ensures that project work gets performed by the right resource at the right time in the right sequence.

What is the lowest level in the Work Breakdown Structure called

Work Packages

Key outputs of process Control Schedule

Work Performance Information Schedule Forecasts Change Requests

"Identifying major deliverables, deciding if adequate cost estimates can be developed, and identifying tangible components of each deliverable are all part of which of the following "

Work breakdown structure

"What is a deliverable-oriented, hierarchical decomposition of the work to be executed to accomplish the project objectives and create the required deliverables "

Work breakdown structure (WBS)

Cost aggregation is typically performed by aggregating work packages in accordance with the

Work breakdown structure (WBS)

The planned work contained in the lowest level of work breakdown structure (WBS) components is known as:

Work packages.

Main output of Control Costs

Work performance Information Cost Forecasts

What goes into a work performance report?

Work performance data and work performance information

"As the project progresses, which of the following is routinely collected from the project activities "

Work performance information

Information collected on the status of project activities being performed to accomplish the project work is known as what

Work performance information

The basis of identification for current or potential problems to support later claims or new procurements is provided by:

Work performance information

Which of the following is an input to Control Scope

Work performance information

Which of the following is an output of Direct and Manage Project Execution

Work performance information

Primary output of Process Control Risks

Work performance information Change requests

Key output for Control Schedule

Work performance information, Change requests

Key output of Control Schedule process

Work performance information, Change requests

"Status of deliverables, implementation status for change requests, and forecasted estimates to complete are examples of:

Work performance information.

"Which of the following outputs from the Control Schedule process aids in the communication of schedule variance (SV), schedule performance index (SPI), or any performance status to stakeholders "

Work performance measurements

Inputs to perform integrated change control

Work performance reports

An input to the Manage Project Team process is:

Work performance reports.

Working Capital Ratio (Definition)

Working capital can be a positive or a negative number. A positive working capital indicates availability of cash. A negative working capital indicates excessive liabilities and an inability to meet creditor payments. In case of a negative working capital, a company might have to borrow funds to stay afloat or in some cases even file for bankruptcy.

Project SOW

Written description of the project product, service, or result. describes what project should deliver. High level description, business need, explanation of how project fits in overall strategic plan.

Questionnaires and Surveys

Written sets of questions designed to quickly accumulate information from a large number of respondents.

"At the end of the project, what will be the value of SV "

Zero

What is the total float of the critical path

Zero or negative

Activities on the critical path have which type of float

Zero or negative float

Variance (For Estimating)

[(P - O)/6 ]squared

PERT

[Program Evaluation & Review Technique] Three point estimating --pessimistic --realistic --optimistic (P+4R+O)/6

"A complete set of concepts, terms, and activities that make up an area of specialization is known as "

a Knowledge Area

A project lifecycle is defined as

a collection of generally sequential and sometimes overlapping project phases

Portfolio Management is management of

a collection of projects that are grouped together to facilitate effective management and meet strategic business objectives

Standard

a document approved by recognized body that approves guidelines. No law requiring that standard be followed.

Delphi Technique

a means of gathering expert judgement where the participants do not know who the others are and are not able to influence each other's opinion. Designed to prevent groupthink

The most appropriate project life cycle model for an environment with a high level of change and extensive stakeholder involvement in projects is

adaptive

McClelland's Three Need Theory

aka Achievement Theory or McClelland's Theory of Needs States that employees are motivated out of three primary needs: Achievement (nAch) Power (nPow) Affiliation (nAff)

Recognition and rewards theories

aka Theories of Motivation Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs McGregor's Theory X and Y Contingency Theory Herzberg's Motivation-Hygiene Theory McClelland's Theory of Needs

Punishment Power

aka coercive power. Ability to punish an employee if goal is not met.

Legitimate Power

aka formal power. Power that a manger has due to their position. Comes from being formally in charge of project and the people and has backing of the organization.

Stakeholder

anyone who hold stake in project. interests may be positively or negatively affected by project. Team member, customer, sponsor, function managers, senior management, etc.

The project management processes presented in the PMBOK Guide® should

be selected as appropriate by the project team

Facilitation Techniques

brainstorming, problem solving, leading meeting

Another name for an Ishikawa diagram is

cause and effect diagram

An output of the Manage Stakeholder Engagement process is:

change requests

An effective technique for resolving conflict that incorporates multiple viewpoints from differing perspectives to achieve consensus and commitment is:

collaborate/problem solve

"Skills necessary for project management such as motivating to provide encouragement; listening actively; persuading a team to perform an action; and summarizing, recapping, and identifying next steps are known as "

communication skills

Activity cost estimates are quantitative assessments of the probable costs required to

complete project work

Risk exists the moment that a project is

conceive

The risk shared between the buyer and seller is determined by the

contract type

Inputs to the Plan Risk Management process include the

cost management plan

A benefit of using virtual teams in the Acquire Project Team process is the reduction of the

costs associated with travel

Project Charter key facts:

created during the develop project charter process developed based on an organizational need, customer request, or market force within the economy signed by management or sponsor names PM and gives authority to direct project includes high level requirements lists project objectives and success criteria. lists stakeholders and approval requirements. describes high level risks and budget includes high level milestone view of project schedule Is a summary document that does not include project details

The run chart created during the Perform Quality Control process on a project is used to show the:

data points plotted in the order in which they occur

"The technique of subdividing project deliverables into smaller, more manageable components until the work and deliverables are defined to the work package level is called "

decomposition

A tool and technique used during the Create WBS process is

decomposition

An intentional activity to modify a nonconforming product or product component is called

defect repair

Documented identification of a flaw in a project component together with a recommendation is termed a

defect repair.

The item that provides more detailed descriptions of the components in the work breakdown structure (WB5) is called a WBS

dictionary

Lessons learned

document how plans align with results. represent what went well and what can be improved for future projects.

Tailoring is defined as the?

effort of addressing each process to determine which are appropriate and their appropriate degree of rigor

"While processes in the Planning Process Group seek to collect feedback and define project documents to guide project work, organizational procedures dictate when the project planning "

ends

"In the Estimate Activity Durations process, productivity metrics and published commercial information inputs are part of the "

enterprise environmental factors

One of the key benefits of the Plan Human Resource Management process is that it

establishes project roles and responsibilities

"When a permitting agency takes longer than planned to issue a permit, this can be described as a risk "

event

A tool and technique used in the Develop Project Charter process is

expert judgment

A tool and technique used during the Define Scope process is

facilitated workshops

The most commonly used type of precedence relationship in the precedence diagramming method (PDM) is

finish-to-start (FS)

The Verify Scope process is primarily concerned with

formalizing acceptance of the completed project deliverables

The primary benefit of the Plan Schedule Management process is that it

guides how the project schedule will be managed throughout the project

A Pareto chart is a specific type of

histogram

The staffing management plan is part of the

human resource plan

One of the objectives of a quality audit is to

identify all of the gaps or shortcomings

"Analyzing the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) of a project is known as "

identifying risks

"When a project is undertaken to reduce defects in a product or service, the objective of the project is to create a/an "

improvement

Overlooking negative stakeholders can result in a/an

increased likelihood of project failure

Project managers who lead by example and follow through on the commitments they make demonstrate the key interpersonal skill of

influencing

A tool or technique in Perform Quality Control that a project manager would use is

inspection

Process: Control Quality

looks at specific results to determine if they conform to the quality standards. Each deliverable is inspected, measured, tested.

Project Staff Assignments

made as part of the Acquire Project Team process. Input to Develop Project Team process. Contain a list of all team members for the project.

An example of a group decision-making technique is

majority

Linear Programming

mathematical model to determine the best outcome, be it maximizing profits or reducing costs.

The correct equation for schedule variance (SV) is earned value

minus planned value [EV - PV]

The risk response strategy in which the project team acts to reduce the probability of occurrence or impact of a risk is known as

mitigate

"The formal and informal interaction with others in an organization industry, or professional environment is known as "

networking

The group technique that enhances brainstorming with a voting process used to rank the most useful ideas for prioritization is called the

nominal group technique

The key benefit of the Monitoring and Controlling Process Group is the ability to

observe and measure project performance regularly and consistently to identify variances from the project management plan

Regulation

official document or law that provides guidelines that must be followed. `

The definition of operations is a/an

organizational function performing the ongoing execution of activities that produce the same product or provide repetitive service

An output of the Close Project (or Close Phase) process is

organizational process asset updates

An input of the Control Schedule process is the

organizational process assets

The purpose of inspection in Perform Quality Control is to keep errors

out of the hands of the customer

"When cost variance is negative and schedule variance is positive, the project is "

over budget and ahead of schedule

"The project management processes are usually presented as discrete processes with defined interfaces, while in practice they "

overlap and interact

Expert Judgement

people who have extraordinary experience.

The total of the planned value (PV) is also known as

performance measurement baseline (PMB)

A project team attempts to produce a deliverable and finds that they have neither the expertise nor the time to complete the deliverable in a timely mannerThis issue could have been avoided if they had created and followed a

procurement management plan

Phases

produces one or more sets of results

The scope of a project cannot be defined without some basic understanding of how to create the specified

product

An output of the Manage Project Team process is

project management plan updates

An output of the Manage Project Team process is:

project management plan updates

PMBOI Guide is a standard that describes

project management processes.

Progressively elaborating high-level information into detailed plans is performed by the

project manager

The person assigned by the performing organization to be responsible for achieving the project objectives is the

project manager

An input to the Create WBS process is a

project scope statement

A tool and technique used during the Collect Requirements process is

prototypes.

Sharing good practices introduced or implemented in similar projects in the organization and/or industry is an example of

quality audits

The cost benefit analysis tool is used for creating

quality metrics

"When the business objectives of an organization change, project goals need to be "

realigned

"When large or complex projects are separated into distinct phases or subprojects, all of the Process Groups would normally be "

repeated for each of the phases or subprojects

Completion of the product scope is measured against the product

requirements

An input of the Create WBS process is

requirements documentation

The cost of nonconformance in a project includes

rework

Types of internal failure costs include

reworking and scrapping

A tool and technique used during the Perform Qualitative Risk Analysis process is?

risk data quality assessment

Risk responses reflect an organization's perceived balance between

risk taking and risk avoidance

The progressive detailing of the project management plan is called

rolling wave planning

"To please the customer, a project team member delivers a requirement which is uncontrolled. This is not part of the plan. This describes:"

scope creep

A required input for Create WBS is a project

scope statement

A risk that arises as a direct result of implementing a risk response is called a

secondary risk

Those who enter into a contractual agreement to provide services necessary for a project are

sellers

"Technical capability, past performance, and intellectual property rights are examples of "

source selection criteria

The individual or group that provides resources and support for a project and is accountable for success is the

sponsor

Resource calendars are included in the

staffing management plan

The end point of a project phase can be referred to as

stage gate

The output that defines an approach to increase the support and minimize negative impacts of stakeholders is the

stakeholder management strategy

A project manager should communicate to stakeholders about resolved project issues by updating the

stakeholder notifications

An input to the Collect Requirements process is the

stakeholder register

An input to the Plan Stakeholder Management process

stakeholder register

"Identify Stakeholders is the process of identifying all of the people or organizations impacted by the project and documenting relevant information regarding their interests in, involvement in, and impact on the project "

success

An output of the Develop Project Team process is

team performance assessments

Stakeholder communication requirements should be included as a component of:

the project management plan

The scope management plan and scope baseline are contained in

the project management plan

Most experienced project managers know that

there is no single way to manage a project

A measure of cost performance that is required to be achieved with the remaining resources in order to meet a specified management goal and is expressed as the ratio of the cost needed for finishing the outstanding work to the remaining budget is known as the

to-complete performance index

"The degree, amount, or volume of risk that an organization or individual will withstand is called risk "

tolerance

A special type of bar chart used in sensitivity analysis for comparing the relative importance of the variables is called a

tornado diagram

The component of the risk management plan that documents how risk activities will be recorded is called

tracking

The component of the human resource management plan that includes ways in which team members can obtain certifications that support their ability to benefit the project is known as

training needs

"A risk response strategy in which the project team shifts the impact of a threat, together with ownership of the response, to a third party is called:"

transfer

Special Causes in statistical process control

unusual and preventable

"Changes to formally controlled documentation, plans, etc. to reflect modified or additional ideas or content are known as:"

updates

Checksheets

used to keep running totals of quality-related incidents and facts. gather totals for how often situations occur.

Quality management and control tools

used to sequence quality management and activities

Project Management

using skills, tools, knowledge, resources to satisfy project requirements

Quality Policy

usually brief, defines the performing organization's attitudes about quality across all projects. must be considered if it exists. project team should write one for project if one does not exist.

Project expediter

weakest of 3 roles. Staff assistant, little or no formal authority. Makes sure materials arrive on time and tasks are completed on time. Found in functional organization.

The lowest level normally depicted in a work breakdown structure (VVBS) is called a/an

work package

Outputs of the Control Communications process include

work performance information and change requests

Correlated and contextualized information on how closely the scope is being maintained relative to the scope baseline is contained within

work performance information.

Accounting fundamentals for project selection (9 Elements)

• Benefit-cost ratio • Opportunity cost • Sunk cost • Depreciation • Return on sales (ROS) • Return on assets (ROA) • Return on investment (ROI) • Working capital ratio • Break-even analysis

Sigma σ (What percent of population falls within 1σ, 2σ, 3σ, 6σ?)

•1σ = 68.27% •2σ = 95.45% •3σ = 99.73% •6σ = 99.99985%