Pogroms

Pogroms - duration

1821 - 1929 in Russia/USSR; these continued in Germany in the 1930s - early 1940s.

When and where was the first pogrom?

1881 - Yelizavetgrad in Ukraine.

When were the May Laws introduced?

1882.

When did attacks spread in the Ukraine? Where did it reach?

1882. It progressed as far as Poland.

How many Jews were expelled during Passover? When was this?

20,000. were expelled in 1892.

What were Jews deprived of selling?

Alcohol as they could not hold licences.

What were these?

Attacks on Jewish communities.

What happened to Jews beginning in 1890?

Deported or expelled from Moscow.

Where were Jews forced to live?

Ghettos in large towns and cities.

Pogroms

Government supported attacks against Jews in Russia: a word designating an attack, accompanied by destruction, looting of property, murder, and rape, perpetrated by one section of the population against another.

What did the May Laws do?

Made life harder for Jews in the Pale of Settlement.

What did government actions lead to?

Many Jewish people joined revolutionary movements.

Where did many Jews spread to? Why?

Many fled to Western Europe to escape destruction of their properties, rape, and murder.

What happened to Jewish doctors in the army in 1882?

Numbers were reduced: being an officer gave them status

Who probably encouraged the pogroms?

Okhrana [an organization set up in 1881 in Russia after the assassination of Alexander II to maintain State security and suppress revolutionary activities,]

What happened in schools in 1887? Where did this figure apply to? Where was the percentage less?

Only 10% of children in primary and secondary schools could be Jewish (same applied to Uni). The Pale only. Moscow and St Petersburg.

What were Jews forbidden?

Voting in Zemstva and Duma elections in 1892.