Politics Final
Which of the following groups is NOT a part of today's Republican Party coalition? a. firearms owners b. social conservatives c. evangelical Christians d. African Americans e. business interests
African Americans
What is the president's most direct influence on the court? a. To instruct and direct the solicitor general b. to nominate judges whom he or she believes are close to the administration's policy preference c. To file an amicus brief d. To lobby sitting justices in special White House meetings e. To threaten to impeach sitting justices
To nominate judges whom he or she believes are close to administrations policy preference
The power of public agencies to seize private property is called a. estate seizure. b. common wealth. c. eminent domain. d. privileged position. e. sovereign acquisition.
eminent domain
A federal requirement that broadcasters provide candidates who are running for the same political office an equal opportunity to communicate their messages to the public is called the a. equal time rule. b. fairness doctrine. c. balancing mandate. d. matching time requirement. e. right of rebuttal.
equal time rule
The German government's "church tax" that requires citizens to give a portion of their income (through taxation) to churches is an example of a practice that would be unconstitutional in the United States under the a. Third Amendment. b. Fifth Amendment. c. establishment clause. d. free exercise clause. e. Fourteenth Amendment.
establishment clause.
How often do voters elect members to the House of Representatives? a. every six years b. every year c. Members serve life terms. d. every four years e. every two years
every two years
How many members are in the U.S. Senate? a. 102 b. 435 c. 535 d. 350 e. 100
100
In 1971, the Twenty-Sixth Amendment lowered the voting age in American elections to a. 21. b. 25. c. 20. d. 18. e. 16.
18.
What is the minimum age required to serve as a member of the House of Representatives? a. 35 b. 21 c. 30 d. 25 e. 40
25
What is the minimum age required to serve as a U.S. senator? a. 25 b. 40 c. 21 d. 35 e. 30
30
How many members are in the current U.S. House of Representatives? a. 535 b. 435 c. 350 d. 100 e. 390
435
The first Republican president was a. Theodore Roosevelt. b. Andrew Jackson. c. James Buchanan. d. Abraham Lincoln. e. George Washington.
Abraham Lincoln.
A judicial philosophy that, when taking decisions, the courts should see beyond the text of the constitution or a statute in order to consider broader societal implications is indicative of judicial a. Flexibility b. Activism c. Expansion d. Discipline e. Restraint
Activism
For whom did the Supreme Court find in Marbury v. Madison? What important precedent was set and how was it set? What political concerns did John Marshall, as Chief Justice, face in making his decision?
Adams makes 16 federal appointments and tries to sign them all the day before Jefferson's inauguration. Jefferson becomes furious when he discovers this and decides not to follow through. Marbury is angry because he was supposed to become a judge so he sues. It goes to the supreme court. Marbury legally should win, but the supreme court is afraid if Marbury becomes a judge he could insist the other 15 are as well. This is scary because Jefferson could say no and that would meant he branch has no power. Marshall, the chief of the supreme court, says the judiciary act is unconstitutional. This means they have to start over with the judges and this establishes judicial review, which completes the checks and balances.
The farmers of the Constitution sought to insulate the president from excessively democratic pressures through a. direct oversight by independent departments. b. a lifetime appointment. c. a limitation of only two consecutive terms in office. d. the power to grant pardons. e. an indirect election through the Electoral College.
An indirect election through the Electoral College
The American presidency was established by a. Congress. b. the Declaration of Independence. c. Article II of the Constitution. d. Article I of the Articles of Confederation. e. Article III of the Constitution.
Article II of the Constitution.
Although presidents prefer Supreme Court candidates to mirror their policy preferences, which of the following explains why they cannot always expect nominees to fulfill their expectations? a. Judicial expansion b. Judicial independence c. Article III of the U.S. Constitution d. Judicial activism e. Judicial disconfirmation
Article III of the U.S. Constitution
In November 1777, the Continental Congress adopted the United States' first written constitution. It was known as the a. Annapolis Convention. b. Declaration of Independence. c. Virginia Plan. d. Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union. e. Seneca Falls Declaration.
Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union
Three candidates are running for political office under a plurality-rule system. Candidate A receives 45 percent of the vote, Candidate B receives 40 percent of the vote, and Candidate C receives 15 percent of the vote. What happens next? a. No candidate wins. All three candidates must run again in a second election because they failed to win over 50 percent of the votes. b. Candidates A and B compete in a run-off election because both candidates are the top two vote getters. c. Candidate A must run in a second, confirmation election to ensure that the electorate has chosen the most qualified candidate. d. Candidate A wins the election. e. Candidates A and B are in a statistical tie and must compete in a run-off election.
Candidate A wins the election
Article III of the Constitution and Supreme Court decisions define judicial power as extending only to a. Rules and regulations b. Federal and international crimes c. Cases and controversies d. Laws and policies e. Crimes and misdemeanors
Cases and controversies
The presidential veto power over legislation, the power of the Senate to approve presidential appointments, and judicial review over acts of Congress and presidential actions are examples of the principle in the American political system of a. checks and balances. b. separated institutions sharing powers. c. gridlock intervals. d. federalism. e. separation of powers.
Checks and balances
The justice on the Supreme Court who presides over the Court's public sessions is the ______ justice. a. Chief b. Honorable c. High d. Supreme e. Senior
Chief
Federal judges are nominated by the a. Chief justice b. American Bar Association c. Supreme Court d. Senate judiciary Committee e. President
Chief justice
All of the following statements follow from the guarantees and protections of the Fourteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution EXCEPT a. You have the right to due process that cannot be violated by any state. b. You are guaranteed equal protection under the laws. c. Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances d. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States. e. You and any persons born or naturalized in the United States . . are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein you reside.
Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances
Shipan (2005) suggests that Congress uses five tools to hold the bureaucracy accountable. What are those five tools? Why does Congress want to gain influence over the bureaucracy?
Congress wants to gain influence over the bureaucracy because the bureaucracy is very powerful and comes with their own strong opinions. If Congress is able to have the bureaucracy support the things they want, it will help with their re-election. The five tools Congress uses is approve the budget, statutes, build a legislative veto, structures of agencies, bureaucratic oversight.
The Constitution grants the power to declare war to a. the director of homeland security. b. the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. c. the president. d. Congress. e. the secretary of defense.
Congress.
The decisions written by a justice with the minority opinion in a particular case, in which the justice fully explains the reasoning behind his or her opinion, is known as a a. Minority report b. Dissenting opinion c. Special concurrence d. Reproachment e. Judicial objection
Dissenting opinion
Which constitutional provision was intended to ensure popular control over the federal government? a. Renovating one-third of the Senate every two years b. Allowing each branch of government to participate in and influence the activities of the other branches c. Electing members of the House of Representatives every two years d. Electing the president by the Electoral College and senators by state legislatures
Electing members of the House of Representatives every two years
The presidential electors from each state who meet after the popular election to cast ballots for president and vice president are collectively called the a. Electoral Senate. b. Court of Electors. c. Electoral College. d. Continental Congress. e. House of Representatives.
Electoral College
The framers hoped to achieve a "republican" solution to presidential selection through an indirect election in which electors would be selected by state legislators to participate in the a. popular vote. b. presidential referendum. c. state caucus. d. national primary. e. Electoral College.
Electoral College.
A referendum is an election held to remove a sitting official from office. True False
False
The United States has always used a secret ballot system. True False
False
Third parties in the United States tend to have long lives. True False
False
Today parties serve no meaningful roles for candidates. True False
False
The American two-party system emerged for the first time with the a. Republicans and Democrats. b. Whigs and Democrats. c. Progressives and Democrats. d. Federalists and Democratic-Republicans. e. Federalists and Hamiltonians.
Federalists and Democratic-Republicans
Justice Harry Blackmun's decision in Roe v. Wade was based on a judicial philosophy that involved looking beyond a right to an abortion. He used the philosophy of judicial a. Flexibility b. Expansion c. Restraint d. Activism e. Discipline
Flexibility
Which choice best describes the relationship between the government and the media? a. Government does not own the communications networks but does regulate broadcast media. b. Government owns the broadcast media but does not control content. c. Media own the government and control its content. d. Government does not own the communication networks and does not regulate broadcast media. e. Government controls media content.
Government does not own the communications networks but does regulate broadcast media.
The contemporary conception of a constitutional right to privacy was established in a case regarding a state statute that prohibited the use of contraceptives known as a. Roe v. Wade. b. Webster v. Reproductive Health Services. c. Planned Parenthood v. Casey. d. Griswold v. Connecticut. e. Palko v. Connecticut.
Griswold v. Connecticut
Which political institution in the American system of government did the framers intend to be the closest to the people? a. Electoral College b. Senate c. House of Representatives d. president e. Supreme Court
House of Representatives
Which term best describes the power of the courts to declare actions of the legislative and executive branches invalid or unconstitutional? a. Judicial review b. Judicial activism c. Judicial legislation d. Judicial restraint e. Judicial rule making
Judicial review
Compared to the House of Representatives, the Senate serves constituencies that are a. smaller and more homogeneous. b. older and wealthier. c. larger and more homogeneous. d. larger and more diverse. e. smaller and more diverse.
Larger and more homogeneous.
Prior court decisions that apply to a given case are also known as a. Touchmarks b. Legal precedents c. Standards d. Bench Rulings e. Briefs
Legal precedents
Article I of the U.S. Constitution provides for the a. Legislative branch b. Role of state governments c. Freedom of speech, religion and press d. Judicial branch e. Executive branch
Legislative branch
The Declaration of Independence was remarkable for its assertion that there are certain unalienable rights including a. life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. b. freedom of religion, freedom of the press, and freedom of speech. c. justice, domestic tranquility, and general welfare. d. due process and equal protection under the law. e. liberty, equality, and fraternity.
Life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness
The first and most important Supreme Court case favoring national power over the economy was a. Plessy v. Ferguson. b. Barron v. Baltimore. c. United States v. Lopez. d. McCulloch v. Maryland. e. Dred Scott v. Sandford.
McCulloch v. Maryland
Which criterion do the courts use to screen cases no longer require resolution? a. Stability b. Mootness c. Standing d. Stature e. Status
Mootness
During the Great Depression, President Franklin D. Roosevelt developed a program for economic recovery that would substantially increase the size and reach of America's national government. He named this program the a. Great Society. b. New Frontier. c. New Deal. d. Fair Deal. e. New Covenant.
New Deal
The proposal offered by the smaller states during the Constitutional Convention that argued each state should be equally represented in the new regime regardless of its population was known as the a. Massachusetts Plan b. Connecticut Plan c. Virginia Plan d. New Jersey Plan e. Brunswick Plan
New Jersey Plan
After a decision has been reached, one of the members of the majority is assigned to write the a. Opinion b. Writ of habeas corpus c. Brief d. Writ of certiorari e. Regular concurrence
Opinion
Because the Supreme Court has so much influence over American law and politics, presidents often make decisions about Supreme Court appointments on the basis of the nominee's a. Personal connections to the president b. Personality and temperament c. Intellect and quality of law school training d. Political ideology and philosophy, among other political factors e. Number of law review publications written
Political ideology and philosophy, among other political factors
In the American political system, the power to ratify treaties is held by the a. Senate. b. Supreme Court. c. Council on Foreign Relations. d. president. e. House of Representatives.
Senate
Individual senators who share the president's party identification can effectively exercise veto power over appointments to the federal bench in their own states through an informal but seldom violated practice called a. Senatorial privilege b. Legislative blackball c. Advice and consent d. Judicial abatement e. Senatorial courtesy
Senatorial courtesy
What is one way in which the Founders made the Senate more distant from the will of the majority than the House? a. Senators have shorter terms than members of the House. b. Senators have longer terms than House members. c. Senators have to be U.S. citizens longer than House members. d. There are more senators than members of the House. e. Senators have higher salaries than members of the House.
Senators have longer terms than House members
Who is the chief presiding officer in the U.S. House of Representatives? a. House clerk b. majority leader c. minority leader d. president pro tempore e. Speaker of the House
Speaker of the House
In the American judicial system, parties to a case must demonstrate that they have _______, a substantial sake in the outcome of the case. a. Status b. Stature c. Mootness d. Stability e. Standing
Standing
Most criminal cases arise in which of the following? a. Federal district courts b. Arbitration outside the court system c. Supreme Court d. State and municipal courts e. Federal appellate courts
State and municipal courts
In contrast to activists, ______ argue that judges should exercise restraint and defer to the intent of the authors of the Constitution, and that changes in the interpretations of the Constitution should come via the amendment process. a. Legal advisors b. Strict constructionists c. Judicial players d. Government officials e. Clerks
Strict constructionists
Article VI of the Constitution states that all laws passed by the national government and all treaties are superior to laws adopted by any state. This has come to be known as the a. necessary and proper clause. b. full faith and credit clause. c. judicial review clause. d. supremacy clause. e. popular mandate.
Supremacy clause
The power of the Supreme Court to review state legislation or other state action and to determine its constitutionality is implied by the logic contained in the a. Supremacy clause of Article VI of the Constitution and the Judiciary Act of 1789 b. System of separated institutions sharing powers and outlined in the Constitution c. Cases and controversies clause of Article III d. Traditions of common law inherited from the English judicial system e. 1890 State Act and the necessary and proper clause to the Constitution
Supremacy clause of Article VI of the Constitution and the Judiciary Act of 1789
Justices O'Connor and Kennedy have both been known for breaking ties in 5-4 Supreme Court decisions. These tiebreakers are also known as a. Ideological voters b. Outlier voters c. Coalition voters d. Swing voters e. Collegial voters
Swing voters
In the United States, the basis for the authority of judges is a. The Constitution and laws b. Common law c. Their electoral base d. The Judicial Conference of the United States e. Congress
The Constitution and laws
Why did the smaller states object to the Virginia Plan? a. Small states wanted to maintain the existing institutions (the Articles of Confederation), and thought the large states were wrong for trying to change the system. b. The smaller states feared that the national government would force them to pay equal shares of the national budget. c. Roger Sherman and other small-state delegates disliked Madison and Randolph and did not want them to receive recognition for advancing the Virginia Plan. d. The small states tended to be from the North and objected to the strong proslavery content in the Virginia Plan. e. The Virginia Plan provided greater representation in the national legislature for larger and/or wealthier states, which disadvantaged the small states.
The smaller states feared that the national government would force them to pay equal shares of the national budget.
The issue of counting slaves for purposes of representation was settled by the a. Franklin Proviso. b. Virginia Plan. c. Seventh Amendment. d. Great Compromise. e. Three-Fifths Compromise.
Three-Fifths Compromise
An initiative is an institution of direct democracy. True False
True
In the 2016 general election, Republicans won a majority of seats in the U.S. House of Representatives. True False
True
Individuals have many identities. True False
True
Individuals who vote on the basis of past performance are said to be retrospective voters. True False
True
Party identification is a voter's psychological tie to one party or the other. True False
True
Political parties are effective at mobilizing voters. True False
True
Political parties organize to resolve the collective action problems associated with successful election campaigns. True False
True
Political parties seek to influence the government. True False
True
Self-interest often informs individuals' political preferences. True False
True
Some countries legally require their citizens to vote. True False
True
The process that allows citizens to vote directly on proposed laws or other governmental actions is called a. the electorate. b. a per curiam election. c. a referendum. d. a recall. e. an unmediated franchise.
a referendum
Which of the following is an example of someone who is eligible to vote in the United States? a. an 18-year-old high school student b. a permanent resident from Canada c. a French foreign exchange student d. a 16-year-old high school student e. an immigrant who is applying for citizenship
an 18-year-old high school student
The Republican Party's traditional support of lower taxes is an example of an issue associated with the party's a. brand name. b. general support of an active government on social issues. c. continuation of the policies of Jimmy Carter. d. media savvy. e. connection to populist sentiment.
brand name.
How can a presidential veto be overridden? a. by a two-thirds majority vote in either the House or the Senate b. by majority votes in three-fourths of state legislatures c. by a simple majority vote in both the House and Senate d. It cannot be overridden. e. by a two-thirds majority vote in both the House and Senate
by a two-thirds majority vote in both the House and Senate
Which of the following is NOT one of the constitutionally specified purposes of the vice presidency? a. cast tie-breaking votes in the Senate b. succeed the president in case of death c. chairperson of the Cabinet d. preside over the Senate e. succeed the president in case of resignation
chairperson of the Cabinet
In the case of McCulloch v. Maryland, the main issue was whether Congress had the power to a. charter a bank. b. redeploy state militias. c. license public accommodations. d. tax state corporations. e. abolish slavery.
charter a bank
The fact that the Supreme Court can rule an act of Congress invalid is an example of a. a collective action problem. b. divided government. c. checks and balances. d. executive privilege. e. executive supremacy.
checks and balances
Which term defines the protection of citizens from improper governmental action? a. civic entitlements b. civil liberties c. civic duties d. civic equities e. civil rights
civil liberties
What are legal or moral claims that citizens are entitled to make on the government? a. civil rights b. civil liberties c. civil duties d. civil disputes e. civil actions
civil rights
A primary election in which voters can participate in the nomination of candidates only for the party in which they have previously registered is called a(n) __________ primary. a. closed b. run-off c. blanket d. open e. exclusive
closed
The Republican Party was initially motivated by a. limiting the practice of homesteading. b. personality conflicts and patronage politics. c. removal of protective tariffs and agricultural price supports. d. containment of transcontinental railroad construction. e. commercial and antislavery interests.
commercial and antislavery interests
At the national level, the most important organization for the Democratic and Republican parties for raising campaign funds, heading off factional disputes, and endeavoring to enhance the party's media image is the national a. congressional campaign committee. b. supreme soviet. c. campaign commission. d. caucus. e. convention.
congressional campaign committee.
The framers of the U.S. Constitution had originally intended which of the following offices to be subject to direct popular election? a. Supreme Court justices b. presidents c. senators d. congressional representatives e. bureaucrats
congressional representatives
The contemporary political ideology that is generally supportive of maintaining social and cultural traditions, limiting the role of government in economic life, and ensuring a strong military defense is most accurately classified as a. theocratic. b. conservative. c. liberal. d. socialist. e. libertarian.
conservative.
A type of federalism existing since the New Deal era in which grants-in-aid have been used strategically to encourage states and localities (without commanding them) to pursue nationally defined goals is known as __________ federalism. a. dual b. commercial c. cooperative d. subsidy e. welfare
cooperative
When a senator voted against a gun-control bill that he agreed with but that his constituency did not support, he exemplified a __________ style of representation. a. trustee b. plebiscitary c. delegate d. platonic e. runaway agent
delegate
Representatives who believe that they have been selected by their fellow citizens in order to do what the legislator thinks is "right" act as a. trustees. b. masters. c. delegates. d. guardians. e. politicos.
delegates.
Compared to the House of Representatives, the Senate is much more a. centralized. b. deliberative. c. organized. d. partisan. e. specialized.
deliberative.
We discussed in the lecture that some scholars believe that there are "two presidencies." In which area does the President have more of an ability to shape policy on his own? a. parliamentary policy b. personal issues c. unaccountable areas d. foreign policy e. domestic policy
domestic policy
The system of government that prevailed in the United States from the writing of the Constitution to approximately the Great Depression could be most accurately characterized as __________ federalism. a. triple b. pancake c. separation of powers d. marble cake e. dual
dual
Which of the following is the most common form of communication between citizens and legislators? a. telegram b. office visit c. e-mail d. Snapchat e. telephone
What are the powers specifically granted to the president in the text of the Constitution called? a. direct investitures b. articulated authorities c. expressed powers d. manifest prose e. delegated powers
expressed powers
For many years until the regulation was no longer enforced, broadcasters who aired programs on controversial issues were required to provide time for opposing views under a policy known as the a. equal time rule. b. fairness doctrine. c. matching time requirement. d. right of rebuttal. e. compensation principle.
fairness doctrine
The U.S. government shies away from trying to influence public opinion. True False
false
Which term describes the division of powers and functions between national and state governments? a. separation of powers b. checks and balances c. federalism d. apportionment e. divided government
federalism
When the media choose to present a story from a particular angle to invoke a desired reaction, people are influenced through the process known as a. priming. b. plastering. c. overcoverage. d. sniping. e. framing.
framing
The clause in the Bill of Rights that protects a citizen's right to believe and practice whatever religion he or she chooses is known as the __________ clause. a. establishment b. free-spirited c. elastic d. freedom of religion e. free exercise
free exercise
During the nineteenth century, a liberal was an individual who favored a. freedom from state control. b. extensive government intervention in the economy. c. greater concern for consumers and the environment. d. increased spending for social welfare programs. e. expansion of federal social services.
freedom from state control
According to the __________ clause, if a couple marries in Texas as regulated by state law, then Missouri must also recognize that marriage even though the couple was not married under Missouri state law. a. comity b. supremacy c. necessary and proper d. full faith and credit e. privileges and immunities
full faith and credit
Which term best describes the apportionment of voters in districts in such a way as to give unfair advantage to one political party? a. gerrymandering b. el bridging c. partisan warfare d. party mongering e. line drawing
gerrymandering
Which term describes the act of redrawing congressional districts in such a way as to give unfair advantage to the political party in power? a. redlining b. reapportionment c. gerrymandering d. redistricting e. mudzoning
gerrymandering
The American president exercises a measure of judicial authority through his or her power to a. grant reprieves, pardons, and amnesties. b. mandate subpoenas, writs of habeas corpus, and warrants of indemnity. c. offer paroles and probations. d. veto Supreme Court rulings. e. give atonements and expiations.
grant reprieves, pardons, and amnesties.
States that allow same-day voter registration have a. larger populations than states that do not. b. fewer poll workers than states that do not. c. lower levels of election fraud than states that do not. d. lower turnout than states that do not. e. higher turnout than states that do not.
higher turnout than states that do not
On most matters that come before the government, the public a. holds a single view and has great expertise. b. does not hold a single view and does not generally have great expertise. c. holds a single view and does not generally have great expertise. d. does not hold a single view and has great expertise. e. holds a single view and has zero expertise.
holds a single view and does not generally have great expertise.
Holding a political office for which one is running is called a. rank. b. seniority. c. tenure. d. incumbency. e. ladder clinging.
incumbency.
The clear intent of the framers of the Constitution was for a. bureaucratic autonomy. b. executive supremacy. c. legislative supremacy. d. judicial dominance. e. military dominance.
legislative supremacy.
The contemporary political ideology that is generally supportive of political and social reform, extensive governmental intervention in the economy, expansion of federal social services, more vigorous efforts on behalf of the poor and the disadvantaged, and greater concern for consumers and the environment is most accurately characterized as a. conservative. b. liberal. c. socialist. d. libertarian. e. objectivism.
liberal
In the United States today, people often describe themselves politically by using the labels a. liberal or conservative. b. partisan or independent. c. progressive or populist. d. moral or pragmatic. e. socialist or libertarian.
liberal or conservative
Which political group seeks to expand liberty above all other principles and wishes to minimize government intervention in the economy and society? a. libertarians b. liberals c. Jacobins d. conservatives e. progressives
libertarians
Many states imposed which of the following to keep immigrants, blacks, and other groups out of the electorate? a. machine-style politics b. campaign finance regulations c. closed primaries d. literacy tests e. smoke-filled backrooms
literacy tests
The actual selection of the Speaker of the House is made by the a. major party caucus. b. Electoral College. c. president. d. vice president. e. House Rules Committee.
major party caucus
Which demographic groups were more likely to support initiating the Iraq War in 2003 and, as of 2008, maintaining a military presence in Iraq indefinitely? a. Republicans only. There has been no significant difference based on gender. b. men and Democrats c. men and Republicans d. women and Democrats e. women and Republicans
men and Republicans
In contrast to the US presidential system and its separation of powers, which system uses a fusion of powers where the executive serves as the leader of the legislature? a. judicious b. parliamentary c. party-led d. congressional e. useful
parliamentary
In Federalist Paper 10, James Madison views ______ as a threat to the health of American democracy. a. philosophers b. factions c. loyalists d. Republicans e. Federalists
philosophers
Family, race, gender, and prevailing region are examples of a. factors in ideological polarization. b. elements in devolution. c. determinants of civic regression. d. predictors of affection. e. political identities.
political identities
When the media focus a great deal on a particular story, people are influenced through the process known as a. overcoverage. b. plastering. c. carpet bombing. d. priming. e. framing.
priming
Up until about the mid-1990s, what were the two main classes of media? a. print and broadcast b. journalistic and wave-based c. print and journalistic d. wave-based and print e. audio and visual
print and broadcast
The term for the sum of many citizens' views and interests is a. crowd wisdom. b. popular culture. c. public opinion. d. community spirit. e. civic attention.
public opinion.
How does voter turnout in the United States compare to that in other Western democracies? a. just above average b. the highest of any nation c. well above average d. quite low e. about average
quite low
When California voters placed a measure on the ballot in 2003 to remove unpopular governor Gray Davis from office, they made use of the a. mediated lawmaking process. b. recall. c. referendum. d. franchise. e. initiative.
recall
The commerce clause of the Constitution gives the federal government power to a. regulate interstate commerce only. b. regulate all commerce in the United States and with foreign nations. c. sell surplus commodities to the states. d. regulate interstate commerce and trade with foreign nations. e. regulate international commerce only.
regulate all commerce in the United States and with foreign nations.
The Tenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution states that the powers the Constitution does not delegate to the national government or to the states are a. reserved for county and municipal governments. b. reserved to the states or to the people. c. relatively few and rarely exercised. d. not to be exercised by any governmental authority. e. to be exercised only through specific legislation passed by Congress.
reserved to the states or to the people
The primary purpose of national party conventions is to a. select the party's presidential nominee. b. select the party's vice-presidential nominee. c. choose a new party chair. d. allow party activists to screen congressional candidates. e. select the party's slate of House and Senate candidates.
select the party's presidential nominee
The process through which underlying beliefs and values are formed is collectively called political a. persuasion. b. indoctrination. c. maturation. d. socialization. e. development.
socialization
Which amendment in the Bill of Rights explicitly and exclusively addresses itself to the national government? a. the Eleventh Amendment b. the First Amendment c. the Second Amendment d. the Fifth Amendment e. the Seventh Amendment
the First Amendment
In which amendment does the equal protection clause appear? a. the Twelfth Amendment b. the Fourteenth Amendment c. the Nineteenth Amendment d. the Seventeenth Amendment e. the Sixteenth Amendment
the Fourteenth Amendment
Which convention states that persons under arrest must be informed of their legal rights, including their right to counsel, before undergoing police interrogation? a. the Palko Standard b. the Miranda Rule c. the Gideon Rule d. the Mapp Standard e. the Escobar Edict
the Miranda Rule
Which constitutional amendment granted women the right to vote? a. the Seventeenth Amendment b. the Twenty-First Amendment c. the Thirteenth Amendment d. the Twenty-Eighth Amendment e. the Nineteenth Amendment
the Nineteenth Amendment
Upper-income Americans are considerably more likely to affiliate with a. the Republicans. b. the Democrats. c. no political party. d. the Green Party. e. the Libertarian Party.
the Republicans.
When the Supreme Court ruled that the federal government had the power to create a national bank because it had other specific powers enumerated in the Constitution, it did so by invoking a. the full faith and credit clause. b. the necessary and proper clause. c. the comity clause. d. stare decisis. e. expressed powers.
the necessary and proper clause
Who has the highest military authority in the United States? a. the secretary of state b. the secretary of defense c. the president d. the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff e. the Speaker of the House
the president
Which civil liberty is NOT explicitly granted in the Bill of Rights? a. the right to counsel b. protection against seizure of private property for public use without compensation c. protection against unreasonable searches and seizures d. protection against cruel and unusual punishment e. the right to privacy
the right to privacy
Ralph Nader's 2000 campaign for president is an example of a(n) a. anti-incumbent campaign. b. third-party candidacy. c. antilabor campaign. d. favorite son candidacy. e. southern strategy.
third-party candidacy.
In examining elections, the number of people who vote in a given election divided by the number of people who are allowed to vote is called the __________ rate. a. turnout b. fall-off c. fall-over d. turnover e. roll-off
turnout
How long is the term of office for a U.S. senator? a. four years b. eight years c. twenty years d. six years e. two years
two years
The United States has a(n) __________ system. a. multiparty b. one-party c. anarchic d. three-party e. two-party
two-party
The obligations imposed on state government by the national government without any funding at all have come to be known as a. unfunded mandates. b. unchecked authorizations. c. assigned obligations. d. blank checks. e. misdirected indemnities.
unfunded mandates
At the beginning of the Republic, voting rights in most states were restricted to which of the following? a. white male citizens over the age of 18 b. white female citizens over the age of 18 c. white male citizens over the age of 21 d. white male and female citizens over the age of 21 e. white female citizens over the age of 21
white male citizens over the age of 21