Politics of Latin America MIDTERM

What is a democracy

A type of political regime; largely fulfills all five criteria of democracy

Typical regime in 1930-1980

Military dictatorship

when did the military topple democracy in Chile (armed left being defeated)

September 11 1973

Populist leader of Brazil

Vargas

What is a partial democracy

meets some criteria of democracy but deficient in others

Qualities of constitutional oligarchies

respect for the constitution, regular elections with competitions but varying degrees of fraud, elections with few voters (largely property owning men)

Caudillo definition

strongman who concentrated great political power

What are the variety of Regimes

(CCPPP) Constitutional oligarchy, civilian authoritarianism, personalist dictatorships, puppet regimes, partial democracies

What are three defining features of democracy

(frrre) freedom of expression, right to vote (and the inclusion of who got the right to vote), right to organize and run for office, regular elections, elections devoid of fraud

Oligarchic Dominance and authoritarian regimes

1880-1930

Puppet Regime US and Cuba dates

1903-1934

Puppet regime US and Panama dates

1904-1939

The transition to mass politics and regime instability (includes pre-cuban revolution; cuban revolution and after)

1930-1980

Year of the Mexico oil nationalization

1938

Years of populism and military coups

1940-1950

years of first democratization

1940-1950

years of second democratization

1950-1960

Year of Guatemala agrarian reform

1952

which country and year preluded to Cold War politics

Guatemala in 1954

Populist leader of Argentina

Peron

Who was the military dictator in 1982-1983 in Guatemala

Rios Montt

A political regime is defined as

a system of rules that regulates how key government offices are accessed (through free and fair elections, a military coup, or revolution)

What human rights violations was Argentina a part of

death flights, disappeared victims

what human rights violations was El Salvador a part of and when

death squads in 1980

What was the norm in 1980-2010

democracies

Political regime categories

democracy, partial democracy, authoritarian regime

What does G20 represent

world population, world trade.. largest economies of world talking about global problems

Year of military coup after populist leaders (Guatemala)

1954

Year of military coup after populist leaders (Argentina)

1955

In what year did the Cuban Revolution occur

1958/1959

Harsh authoritarian regimes

1960-1970

When was the nicaraguan revolution

1979-1990

When was the last wave of democratization

1980-1990

years of third democratization

1980-1990

New democratic age

1980-2010

Who were the leaders of the nicaraguan revolution

Fidel Castro and Daniel Ortega

Cases where authoritarianism prevailed due to defeat of oligarchy

Military defeat in revolutions Mexico (1910-1920) and Cuba (1959)

What was the most common type of authoritarian regime in Latin America in the 1960s and 1970s

Military regime

What reignited the Cold War in Central America (1979-1990)

Nicaraguan revolution

When was Che killed and where

October 9 1967 in Bolivia

Cases where authoritarianism prevailed due to oligarchic resistance

Paraguay, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Dominican Republic

Political regime categories

Partial democracy (meets some criteria of democracy but has some deficiencies in others), Authoritarian regime (fully fails to meet one or more of the fives criteria for democracy), Democracy (largely fulfills all five of the criteria for democracy)

who was the military dictator in 1973-1990 of Chile

Pinochet

Challenges to the dominance of the oligarchy from the 1930s on

Rarely resulted in stable democracy

Which political leader exemplified the democratic road to socialism in the 1970s

Salvador Allende

Who was the president of Cuba in 1970

Salvador Allende

In what part of Latin America did the wave of democratization that swept through Latin America in the 1980s and 1990s start

South America

How was the US initial feelings towards the cuban revolution

They initially sought to prevent revolutions by sponsoring reforms

The wave of democratization that swept through Latin America in the 1980s and 1990s was the region's

Third wave of democratization

Example of puppet regime

US and Cuba (1903-1934) and Panama (1904-1939)

who was the military dictator in 1976-1981 in Argentina

Videla

Qualities of Oligarchy

dominant social group, economic power, special social status, political power

Qualities of partial democracy 1880-1930

few democracies, restrictions on the right to vote, emerged at the end of this period

What is an authoritarian regime

fully fails to meet one or more of the five criteria

Qualities of puppet regime

government from a different country controls the government

Qualities of personalist dictatorships

led by a caudillo, some had elections but some didn't

what human rights violations was El monazite AND El Salvador and when

massacres in 1981

Qualities of civilian authoritarianism

regular elections but replaced the leaders often (through force or electoral fraud), didn't follow the constitution

What was the result of the cuban revolution

the armed left was defeated and not revolution, installation of right wing authoritarian regimes

what introduced Cold War politics in the region in 1970

the cuban revolution and guerrilla organizations

The wave of democratization that swept through Latin America in the 1980s and 1990s can be explained in terms of

the reevaluation of democracy by the left, the changes associated with economic globalization, and the reduction of Cold War tensions

What happened after women got the right to vote

there were still lingering restrictions on voting

How was the US eventual feelings towards the cuban revolution

they supported the military coups against leftist governments or governments that were seen as too weak to contain the left

what countries had partial democracy in 1930-1980

Dominican Republic, Panama, Uruguay

Which country stayed authoritarian

Cuba

which country was the model of socialism and anti-imperialism

Cuba

which country and year served as the real beginning of Cold War politics

Cuba in 1959

countries that extended the right to vote suddenly (1930-1980; partial democracy)

Dominican Republic, Guatemala, Panama

Expansive definition of political regime

Address the way government decisions are made (following or not following the constitution, with or without checks and balances)

Which democratic left leader was defeated in Chile

Allende

countries that extended the right to vote gradually (1930-1980; partial democracy)

Argentina, Chile, uruguay

Cases of partial democracy 1880-1930

Argentina, Costa Rica, Uruguay

Whats the most influential country in Latin America

Brazil (biggest GDP)

What does BRICS stand for

Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa

Populist leader of Mexico

Cardenas

which leader was a proponent of guerrilla warfare in 1970s

Che Guevara

Exemptions of the armed left being defeated

Colombia, Central America

What was the typical political regime in Latin America 1880-1930

Constitutional oligarchy