Pollution science world population week 2
Education improves blank opportunities
Economic
One third of the world's population is under blank and about to enter its blank years
15, reproductive
Some countries will very likely make a blank transition to a stable population
Smooth
Many people think that individual rights are superseded by the collective rights of present and future generations to a clean and healthy blank adequate food shelter and clothing
Environment
The goal of the Cairo agreement is to stabilize human population at blank billion by blank
7.8, 2050
Doubling time
70 / the growth rate for example 70 / 1.5 equals 46.67
Educational barriers to a sustainable population
As a general rule the higher the level of education and I'll population, the lower its fertility rate. Education and careers decreased the number of childbearing years and open up many options besides childbearing
Vital components of a global strategy to reduce fertility and population growth include
Small-scale sustainable economic development, jobs for women, efforts to promote equality, improvements in healthcare care for women
World growth rate equals
24 / by 1000 minus 9 / by 1000 equals 15 / by 1000 equals 1.5%
Homo sapiens have been around for roughly
250 Thousand Years
Human population has skyrocketed in the last blank years
200
Technological advances lower blank resistance and promote population growth
Environmental
Three primary barriers lie in the way of achieving a sustainable human population
Psychological and cultural, educational, religious
Cairo agreement seeks to reduce population growth by
Raising the status of women to have more say in family decisions and decoupling self worth and child production
To stabilize the human population most people consider the main challenge to be finding acceptable means of reducing the population growth blank
Rate
Industrial Nations can do many things to help build a sustainable future, for example
Reducing their own growth, use of resources, and pollution. Assisting less developed countries with financial aid, especially for Family Planning and sustainable development. Sharing information and Technology
Doubling time
Time it takes a population to double in size
Fourth world conference on women in Beijing addressed cultural and psychological factors that affect population growth plan of action calls for these measures
To enhance women's rights and responsibilities, to improve women's social standing, to increase educational opportunities for women
Family Planning measures permit couples to determine the number and spacing of children to determine family size
These measures are vital to Global efforts to reach a sustainable human population for example family planning in India and China
Determining the Earth's carrying capacity for blank is a task fraught with blank
Humans, difficulty
Human populations are growing
Exponentially
18th century Industrial Revolution was the trigger for
Exponential population growth
Fourth world conference on women in Beijing in
1995
Reasons for the failure of Economic Development to affect timely demographic transition
1 economic resources of many less-developed countries to limited to build the type of Industry needed for a demographic transition. Resources were exploited during colonialism, contributing to the wealth and demographic transition of imperialist countries
World population growth rates have declined since the early sixties from 2% down to blank percent in 2005
1.2
Agricultural Revolution domestication
10000.bc
Un International Conference on population and development icpd in Cairo in
1994
One third of growth rate decline is the result of blank
AIDS
Total fertility rate
Average number of children women are expected to have during their reproductive age span
Globally the human population has rounded the blank of the exponential growth curve
Bend
Technological advances which lower environmental resistance increase the carrying blank for
Capacity, Humans
Some countries me over shoot the blank blank and destroy their ability to support people so drastically that their populations may fall to much lower levels
Carrying capacity
Some people think we have not reached the blank blank
Carrying capacity
Women off and wait until they finish school to marry and have children the longer they postpone marriage the fewer blank they have
Children
If couples have the same number of Offspring as their parents family size remains
Constant examples Sweden
If couples produce fewer Offspring than their parents the bass
Constrict example Austria
The more developed Nations have an important role because of their high level of per capita blank and environmental blank
Consumption, impact
Some countries may experience periodic blanks that will eliminate large numbers of people
Crashes
Economic Development can be a powerful force for reducing population growth. How?
Creates jobs and increases personal wealth, people can afford decent housing, food, and education poverty and disease reduced or eliminated. As income Rises, fertility rates to climb
Birth rate declines as blank declines once people realize their children will survive and number of children is no longer a female status symbol
Death rate
Why has the human population grown so large?
Death rates have lowered without a corresponding decrease in birth rates
Global population growth is determined by subtracting the crude blank rate from the crude blank rate
Death, birth
Reasons for the failure of Economic Development to affect timely demographic
Demographic transition did not take place overnight
Doubling time is determined by
Dividing 70 by the growth rate
A shift in population growth in the more developed Nations took many decades and substantial resources which the less-developed nations of the world blank blank blank
Do not have
Even a relatively small growth rate results in Rapid
Doubling
Private family planning programs
Example Planned Parenthood in u.s.
Overall the world population is blank, in large part because of continued growth in the less-developed Nations
Expansive
Histograms of countries may be blank blank or blank
Expansive, constrictive, or stationary
State-sponsored extended voluntary programs
Government distributes info on birth control, sterilization or sponsor posters, newspaper ads, TV radio announcements, Billboards. Offer payments or other incentives to practice birth control or sterilization example radios in Egypt, special loans in Thailand. Some offer reminders example music reminders in Jakarta, Indonesia, church bells in Bali
Death rates plummeted primarily as a result of increases in blank Supply and better blank and blank
Food, medicine, Sanitation
Reasons for the failure of Economic Development to affect timely demographic transition
Fossil fuel resources that were so integral to demographic transition in developed countries are diminishing or becoming more costly
Many people think that the right to have children is a fundamental personal blank
Freedom
State-sponsored forced Family Planning programs
Government places strict limitations on family size and punishes those who exceed quotas for example China's one child policy
Population histogram
Graph of populations that depict to the various age groups for males and females and provide useful information for planners
Economic Development caused a shift in population blank in the more developed Nations
Growth
The growth of a town city state or region is determined by two factors
Growth rate which is natural increase or migration which is the movement of people into and out of the population
Some religions openly denounce efforts to control population blank, others openly support smaller blank, some have no official View
Growth, families
Carrying capacity fluctuates depending on blank factors and blank factors also known as environmental resistance
Growth, reduction
Educated men and women pursue careers causing them to postpone marriage and children normal but childbearing years are 15 to 44 but if a woman Waits until she is 30 she has reduced the childbearing years by
Half
In less developed Nations, growth rates are generally much
Higher
The fact that the human population has rounded the bend of the exponential growth curve means that even small percentage increases result in blank numbers of New World residents
Huge
Many others argue that to live sustainably on earth we must reduce human numbers through blank, socially acceptable means
Humane
Environmental impact of population equals the number of people times the number of resource units used per person X the environmental impact per unit of resource used
Impact equals population X affluence X technology or I equals P times a x t, IPAT
Cairo agreement seeks to reduce population growth by
Improving Healthcare for Women which may help lower infant death rates, reducing desire to have more children
Psychological barriers to a sustainable human population
In less developed countries children are seen as an asset to their parents and trial Berry enhances a woman social status, having many children is desirable because mortality is higher.
Most of the attention on Curbing population growth is focused on the blank developed Nations the largest sector of the global population
Less
If a large number of young people produce more offspring than their parents, the base continues to
Increase examples Kenya, Mexico, world
Most experts agree that the human population cannot grow blank
Indefinitely
Education raises the blank helping people to understand the benefits of family planning
Literacy
Some Humans believe that the human population already exceeds the Earth's blank term carrying capacity
Long
Growth rates in more developed countries are relatively
Low
Growth rate equals
Number of births / 1,000 people - number of deaths / 1000 people
In more developed Nations, children are valued but are viewed as a bit of an economic drain, and a woman's status is not so heavily dependent on blank
Number of children
Replacement level fertility
Occurs when couples produce exactly the number of children needed to replace themselves
Zero population growth
Occurs when the death rate equals the birth rate and when the net migration is zero
Blank is at the root of virtually all environmental problems, including pollution and resource depletion, as well as many social and economic problems.
Population
Reasons for the failure of Economic Development to affect timely demographic transition
Population growth in many less developed countries outstrips economic growth growth studies show a 3% economic growth rate is needed to accommodate a 1% growth in workers
Religious barriers to a sustainable population religion influences population both blank and blank
Positively, negatively
Stabilizing the human population will require a number of measures besides access to contraception and Family Planning that attack the root causes of rampant population growth
Poverty, lack of Education, inequality of women, poor health care
Carrying capacity is determined by
Resource availability and the environments capacity to absorb and detoxify waste
Population growth is still rapid in less developed countries without the blanks to handle the growth
Resources
Prefer which graph when stabilizing the population
S shaped curve
Three patterns of population growth
S shaped or sigmoidal (smoother), domed (smooth periodic crashes, curved lines), irruptive (jarring crashes, straight lines)
Environmental problems due to high human population include
Shortage of resources, environmental deterioration, a host of possible social problems
The blank of the population and the blank of growth both have significant impacts on environmental problems and solutions
Size, rate
The triple bottom line of world population issues
Social, economic, Environmental
The increase in the carrying capacity for humans decreases the prospects of other blanks and may cause adverse effects in blank populations as well.
Species, human
Immigration
The movement of people from One region of a country to another effects Regional population growth
Carrying capacity
The number of organisms for example humans that the Earth can support
Population growth has resulted in overcrowded blank areas
Urban
The massive size of the human population causes environmental problems evident in both blank and blank areas
Urban, rural
State-sponsored Family Planning programs
Voluntary make birth control methods available to public at low-cost, no promotion by government, people choose type of birth control and family size they want
Two International conferences set forth strategies to improve the status of blank
Women