POLS Ch. 5
The Constitutional Amendment ratified after the civil war that forbade slavery and involuntary servitude.
13th Amendment
"Remade our country"
14th Amendment
After the 13th Amendment was passed, the South restricted black rights as much as possible. so the Supreme Court approved the ______, which protects all citizens under the law equally.
14th Amendment
Brings citizenship to all naturally born Americans.
14th Amendment
Takes the deeper meaning in "all men are created equal" and applies it to the Constitution.
14th Amendment
The Constitutional Amendment adopted in 1870 to extend suffrage to African Americans
15th Amendment
the Constitutional Amendment adopted in 1920 that guarantees women the right to vote.
19th Amendment
A law passed in 1990 that requires employers and public facilities to make "reasonable acommadations" for people with disabilities and prohibits discrimination against these individuals in employment.
Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990
Extends access and opportunities to those that fall under the category of "disabled"
Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990
The Supreme Court ruling that reversed "separate but equal" *marked the end of legal segregation in the United States.*
Brown v. Board of Education
Give an example of a group of people not protected under the 14th Amendment.
Children under 16 are not allowed to drive or people under 21 cannot drink.
Policies designed to protect people against arbitrary or discriminatory treatment by government officials or individuals.
Civil Rights
The law making racial discrimination in hotels, motels, and restaurants illegal and forbidding many forms of job discrimination.
Civil Rights Act
Outlawed discrimination in private settings involved in interstate commerce.
Civil Rights Act, 1964
Segregation that occurs because of social and economic living situations.
De Facto
Segregation that is imposed by law.
De Jure
Part of the 14th Amendment emphasizing that the laws must provide equivalent "protection" to all people.
Equal protection of the laws
The 1924 act that granted Native Americans citizenship.
Indian Citizenship Act
The 1967 Supreme Court decision that overturned Virginia's law stating that interracial marriage was illegal.
Loving v. Virginia
An 1896 Supreme Court decision that provided a Constitutional justification for segregation by ruling that a Louisiana law requiring "equal but separate accommodations for the white and colored races" was Constitutional.
Plessy v. Ferguson
Occurs when there is a compelling public policy purpose.
Reasonable discrimination
Age and income scrutiny is only Constitutional if there is a rational relationship to a legitimate governmental goal.
Reasonable-Basis Scrutiny
An exception to the Civil Rights act of 1964.
Religious schools
the Supreme Court case that dealt with intermediate scrutiny
Rosker v. Goldberg
The 1857 Supreme Court decision ruling that a slave who had escaped to a free state enjoyed no rights as a citizen and that congress had the authority to ban slavery in the territories.
Scott v. Sandford
Race and ethnicity scrutiny is unconstitutional unless there is _______.
Strict scrutiny; overwhelming justification
The legal right to vote.
Suffrage
Only allowed under certain circumstances.
Suspect discrimination
The Supreme Court court case that dealt with male only admissions in colleges.
United States v. Virginia
Band literacy tests that were used to refuse African Americans' right to vote.
Voting Rights Act
Requires southern elections to get pre-approval for all voting changes.
Voting Rights Act
A law designed to help end formal and informal barriers to African American suffrage. Under the law, hundreds of thousands of African Americans were registered, and the number of African American elected officials increased dramatically.
Voting Rights Act of 1965
Gender scrutiny is assumed to be unconstitutional UNLESS there's
intermediate scrutiny; a compelling public policy purpose.
Who determines who is "under the law"
legislature
Any reason is "suspect" in ____
profiling
Profiling is an example of _____.
suspect discrimination
Why does the Loving ruling not apply to same sex marriage?
the 14th Amendment is not a blanket clause.
Does not have a compelling public policy purpose.
unreasonable discrimination
In Kentucky, those who have been convicted of a felony lose their right to _____.
vote