POLS Ch. 5

The Constitutional Amendment ratified after the civil war that forbade slavery and involuntary servitude.

13th Amendment

"Remade our country"

14th Amendment

After the 13th Amendment was passed, the South restricted black rights as much as possible. so the Supreme Court approved the ______, which protects all citizens under the law equally.

14th Amendment

Brings citizenship to all naturally born Americans.

14th Amendment

Takes the deeper meaning in "all men are created equal" and applies it to the Constitution.

14th Amendment

The Constitutional Amendment adopted in 1870 to extend suffrage to African Americans

15th Amendment

the Constitutional Amendment adopted in 1920 that guarantees women the right to vote.

19th Amendment

A law passed in 1990 that requires employers and public facilities to make "reasonable acommadations" for people with disabilities and prohibits discrimination against these individuals in employment.

Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990

Extends access and opportunities to those that fall under the category of "disabled"

Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990

The Supreme Court ruling that reversed "separate but equal" *marked the end of legal segregation in the United States.*

Brown v. Board of Education

Give an example of a group of people not protected under the 14th Amendment.

Children under 16 are not allowed to drive or people under 21 cannot drink.

Policies designed to protect people against arbitrary or discriminatory treatment by government officials or individuals.

Civil Rights

The law making racial discrimination in hotels, motels, and restaurants illegal and forbidding many forms of job discrimination.

Civil Rights Act

Outlawed discrimination in private settings involved in interstate commerce.

Civil Rights Act, 1964

Segregation that occurs because of social and economic living situations.

De Facto

Segregation that is imposed by law.

De Jure

Part of the 14th Amendment emphasizing that the laws must provide equivalent "protection" to all people.

Equal protection of the laws

The 1924 act that granted Native Americans citizenship.

Indian Citizenship Act

The 1967 Supreme Court decision that overturned Virginia's law stating that interracial marriage was illegal.

Loving v. Virginia

An 1896 Supreme Court decision that provided a Constitutional justification for segregation by ruling that a Louisiana law requiring "equal but separate accommodations for the white and colored races" was Constitutional.

Plessy v. Ferguson

Occurs when there is a compelling public policy purpose.

Reasonable discrimination

Age and income scrutiny is only Constitutional if there is a rational relationship to a legitimate governmental goal.

Reasonable-Basis Scrutiny

An exception to the Civil Rights act of 1964.

Religious schools

the Supreme Court case that dealt with intermediate scrutiny

Rosker v. Goldberg

The 1857 Supreme Court decision ruling that a slave who had escaped to a free state enjoyed no rights as a citizen and that congress had the authority to ban slavery in the territories.

Scott v. Sandford

Race and ethnicity scrutiny is unconstitutional unless there is _______.

Strict scrutiny; overwhelming justification

The legal right to vote.

Suffrage

Only allowed under certain circumstances.

Suspect discrimination

The Supreme Court court case that dealt with male only admissions in colleges.

United States v. Virginia

Band literacy tests that were used to refuse African Americans' right to vote.

Voting Rights Act

Requires southern elections to get pre-approval for all voting changes.

Voting Rights Act

A law designed to help end formal and informal barriers to African American suffrage. Under the law, hundreds of thousands of African Americans were registered, and the number of African American elected officials increased dramatically.

Voting Rights Act of 1965

Gender scrutiny is assumed to be unconstitutional UNLESS there's

intermediate scrutiny; a compelling public policy purpose.

Who determines who is "under the law"

legislature

Any reason is "suspect" in ____

profiling

Profiling is an example of _____.

suspect discrimination

Why does the Loving ruling not apply to same sex marriage?

the 14th Amendment is not a blanket clause.

Does not have a compelling public policy purpose.

unreasonable discrimination

In Kentucky, those who have been convicted of a felony lose their right to _____.

vote