POLS Exam 1,
(Q002) In Grutter v. Bollinger (2003), the Supreme Court ruled that Michigan Law School's affirmative action policy was
constitutional, since race was used in a holistic and individualized way and not as a quota.
government whose powers are limited through a system of rules and institutions are know as this type of government?
constitutional governments
if you believe that most laws should be passed through popular initiatives or ballots referendums, which form of governance would be prefer?
direct democracy
(Q015) Which of the following liberties protect every individual against arbitrary action by national or state governments?
due process of law
(Q003) Of the powers contained within the U.S. Constitution, which are most clearly articulated?
expressed powers
(Q001) Some states have legalized certain drugs even though those same drugs are illegal according to national law. This contrast occurs because the United States has which type of government?
federal
in a constitutional government?
formal and effective limits are placed on the powers of government
(Q010) Which clause protects a citizen's right to believe and practice any religion?
free exercise clause
Under a system of laissez-faire capitalism, the role of government was to?
interfere with the market as little as possible
in a representative democracy, public policies are determined by?
officials regularly chosen by the people
Political efficacy is the belief that
ordinary citizens can influence what government does
(Q008) The New England-based merchants and southern planters
organized together in opposition to taxes imposed by the Stamp Act and the Sugar Act.
(Q018) Block grants consist of federal aid to state or local governments that is
to be spent within a specified policy area, though without the narrow regulations of categorical grants.
(Q024) Which of the following was not explicitly granted in the Bill of Rights?
the right to privacy
distrust in government best explains which of the following?
the rise of political outsiders in the 2015-2016 elections
(Q003) Laws and cases involving the right to privacy are often difficult to decide because
they are not directly mentioned in the Bill of Rights but rather inferred from them.
in 2016 latinos were approximately what percent of the American public?
18%
(Q024) What type of situation in American federalism has often resulted in the act of preemption?
A state action is found to be inconsistent with a federal requirement.
(Q017)The federalists papers were written by
Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison.
(Q015) If you supported ratification of the Constitution and preferred a stronger national government than the Articles of Confederation provided, you would most likely belong to which group?
Federalist
(Q002) In the debate between Federalists and Antifederalists over limited government,
Federalists favored a national government with broad powers.
(Q016) Citizens and the media today often frown on congressional deliberations and government's slow pace. What might the Founders argue about the slow pace of government?
It may be a benefit because it compels government to take many interests and viewpoints into account when making policies.
(Q005) In what way does the comity clause promote national unity?
It prevents states from discriminating against someone from another state or giving special privileges to their own residents.
(Q012) Which of the following statements about the Declaration of Independence is accurate?
It specifically identified and focused on grievances, aspirations, and principles that might unify the various colonial groups.
(Q019) The focus of the Declaration of Independence on "life liberty, and the pursuit of happiness" was most inspired by which political philosopher?
John Locke
(Q007) The __________ became the first bill that President Obama signed into law, giving workers expanded rights to sue when an employee learns of discriminatory treatment well after it has started.
Lily Ledbetter Fair Pay Act
(Q010) The U.S. Supreme Court upheld the right of the national government to create a national bank and reaffirmed the notion of national supremacy in which landmark case?
Mcculloch v. Maryland(1819)
(Q012) The Supreme Court narrowed restrictive gun control policies and expanded gun ownership rights in which of the following cases?
Mcdonald v. Chicago
(Q013) If a state refused to recognize the marriage of a same-sex couple, and a case went to court about the nonrecognition, which case would be the precedent mandating the state to recognize the marriage?
Odbergefell v. Hodges
(Q017) Why is post-New Deal federalism sometimes referred to as "marble cake" or cooperative federalism?
Post-New Deal federalism created a system in which national grants encouraged states to implement national policies, somewhat blurring the lines between national and state governments.
(Q005) The final provision of the Bill of Rights to be incorporated be the Supreme Court was the
Second Amendment.
(Q003) Which of the following most demonstrated the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation, leading to the Constitutional Convention?
Shays's Rebellion
(Q023) Which of the following statements concerning the death penalty is true?
Since the 1990s there has been a steady decrease in the number of death penalty sentences and executions.
(Q012) What is the defining characteristic of dual federalism?
State governments have more powers granted to them than the local or federal governments.
(Q013) States are granted the right to powers not given to the national government by the Constitution through which of the following?
Tenth Amendment
(Q014) Which of the following structural aspects was established for the legislature by the Constitution?
The Senate was given the power to approve presidential appointments.
(Q014) Which of the following is established by the Fifth Amendment?
The courts cannot hold trials for serious offenses without provision for a grand jury.
(Q025) Which of the following would best exemplify a characteristic of a unitary system of government?
The national government selects the textbooks and curriculum for all schools.
(Q018) Which of the following actions did the delegates of the first Continental Congress take?
They called for a total boycott of British goods.
(Q023) Which of the following statements is true about the Three-Fifths Compromise?
Under this compromise, five slaves would count as three free persons in apportioning seats in the House of Representatives.
(Q011) What is an unfunded mandate?
a federal law that requires the states to do certain things but does not provide state governments with the funding to implement these policies
a belief in equal opportunity is ?
a major part of U.S political culture
which of the following can be said to have characterized American politics for much of the past half-century?
a pervasive sense of apathy and distrust
the government of the united states is best characterized as a ?
a republic
(Q020) Cooperative federalism is best defined as
a type of federalism existing since the New Deal era in which grants-in-aid have been used strategically to encourage states and localities to pursue nationally defined goals.
a state that permits its citizens to vote directly on laws and polices is practicing a form of ?
direct democracy
what percentage of Americans live in urban areas today?
about 80 percent
(Q005) The Bill of Rights mollified concerns about
an overly powerful central government.
what is the difference between a totalitarian government and an authoritarian?
authoritarian governments are often restrained by the power of social institutions, while totalitarian governments do not
(Q021) In a federal system, power is distributed
between the state and national governments.
(Q016) Which type of grant provides the most control to state and local governments in the distribution of federal grants-in-aid?
block
which of the following statements is accurate?
by 2015 income inequality has widened once again, with the top 1 percent earning 20.3 percent of the national income
(Q019) A power that is held by both the states and the national government (for example the power of taxation) best fits which of the following concepts?
concurrent power
(Q020) A president who enacts a veto over legislation proposed by Congress is using which of the following constitutional principles?
checks and balances.
a direct democracy is a system in which?
citizens are permitted to vote directly on laws and policies.
which of the following statements regarding voting is most accurate?
citizens with more political knowledge participate more
(Q025) Individual rights and personal freedoms with which governments may not interfere and freedoms from government are known as
civil liberties.
(Q004) Segregation or discriminatory practices that occur even when there is no explicit legal enforcement, such as school segregation in much of the United States today, is called __________ segregation.
de facto
(Q007) The executive leader or presiding officer specified by the Articles of Confederation
did not exist; the Articles specified no executive leader.
as a result of the increasing availability of the internet, the United States is seeing a rise in this form of citizenship?
digital citizenship
if you believe you can affect government, you believe you posses a sense of political?
efficacy
(Q001) Congress's ability to pass laws necessary to carry out its expressed powers is known as the __________ clause.
elastic
(Q021) If Congress wants to create a law based on constitutional principles that are not expressly mentioned in the text, what power does it use to do so?
elastic clause
(Q011) The most dramatic restraint imposed on police by the Bill of Rights, which can free people who are known to have committed the crime of which they have been accused, is the
exclusionary rule.
which of the following is the term generally used to describe the institution and procedures through which a territory and its people are rules?
government
(Q021) Prior restraint, which in most instances is forbidden in the United States, is type of
government censorship.
(Q002) A unitary system is a
government in which the national government holds most authority.
(Q001) Civil rights are
government protections of citizen equality.
(Q020) Which body determines whether sufficient evidence is available to justify a trial and is provided by the Fifth Amendment?
grand jury
(Q014) Which of the following has been a key characteristic of federalism in the United States since the year 2000?
greater state initiative in the realm of immigration law and policy due to federal inaction
(Q019) A court order demanding that an individual in custody be brought into court and shown the reason for detention is known as
habeas corpus.
the percentage of foreign born individuals living in the united states ?
has increased since reaching its low point in 1970
(Q008) If your city or town's government had certain powers delegated to it by your state government in order for it to manage some of its own affairs, your local government would have been granted
homr rule
(Q015) Which of the following issues has been the most controversial between states and the federal government during the Trump administration?
immigration
(Q007) The necessary and proper clause (Article I, Section 8) of the U.S. Constitution is the source of which of the following powers?
implied
although not as an enduring a topic of political controversy in the united states as compared to other countries, discussions of which type of inequality has risen specifically due to the recession of 2008?
income inequality
American's trust in their government ?
increased immediately following 9/11, but declined shortly thereafter
(Q006) The core component of the Virginia Plan was that
it provided for a system of representation in the national legislature based on the population of each state, the proportion of each state's revenue contribution to the national government, or both.
an aging population poses challenges to the united states because ?
it rises questions about how to fund programs for the elderly such as social security
(Q009) (1803) established which power that was not expressly written in the Constitution?
judicial review
an economic system in which the means of production and distribution are privately owned and operate for profit with minimal or no government interference is referred as?
laissez-faire capitalism
(Q013) A written statement made in reckless disregard of the truth that is considered damaging to a victim because it is malicious, scandalous, and defamatory is known as
libel.
Personal and economic freedom are both definitions of?
liberty
the key political values of the united states are?
liberty, equality, and democracy
(Q004) The Articles of Confederation
maintained state independence, freedom, and sovereignty.
American democracy rests on the principle of?
majority rule with minority rights
which of the following statements about recent immigration trends and foreign-born population in the united states is accurate?
people born in Asia constitute the second-largest group of foreign-born residents making up about 31 percent
the principle that suggests "one person, one vote" refers to ?
political equality
the conflicts and struggles over government's leadership, structure and policies is called?
politics
(Q022) Which of the following places restraints on how the government is supposed to act?
procedural liberties
(Q009) The Civil Rights Act of 1964 addressed discrimination in, among other areas,
public accommodations and employment.
(Q006) The full faith and credit clause
requires that each state's public actions and judicial proceedings be honored by the other states.
(Q006) Speech that is accompanied by conduct and that can be regulated by the government to preserve public order is called
speech plus.
(Q022) Most of the rules and regulations Americans face in their daily lives, especially domestic concerns such as enforcing criminal codes, administering health and safety rules, and regulating the family via marriage and divorce laws, are set by
state and local governments.
(Q017) The Miranda rule
states that people who are under arrest must be informed prior to police interrogation of their rights to remain silent and to have the benefit of legal counsel
(Q018) The doctrine of __________ scrutiny places a heavy burden of proof on the government if it seeks to regulate or restrict speech.
strict
(Q024) Generally speaking, if a state or local law contradicts federal law, it is more likely to be ruled unconstitutional if challenged in courts because of the __________ clause.
supremacy
(Q022) If you were living in colonial America, what issue more than any other would most likely motivate you to rebel against Great Britain?
taxes
(Q025) Which two entities have responsibility for overseeing the appointment and approval of federal judges?
the Senate and the president
(Q023) If members of a state legislature want to establish new powers that are not expressed in the U.S. Constitution, what allows them to so do?
the Tenth Amendment
What is digital citizenship?
the ability to participate in society online
(Q011) Which of the following did the Antifederalists most vigorously disapprove of?
the elastic clause
(Q008) The Bill of Rights consists of
the first 10 amendments to the U.S. Constitution.
a government is made up of the ?
the formal institutions that rules a people and territory
in a democracy, popular sovereignty is vested in?
the people
(Q009) The Tenth Amendment states that
the powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states respectively, or to the people.
(Q004) General revenue-sharing grants are a central component of the process of devolution, which is a policy
to remove a program from one level of government by delegating it or passing it down to a lower form of government.
if you lived under a government that had unlimited political power, you would b living in which of the following regime types?
totalitarian
(Q016) Republicans and Democrats disagree over this type of voter law; Republicans say it protects the sanctity of the ballot, while Democrats fear it suppresses turnout.
voter ID laws
(Q010) Under the Great Compromise, the Senate
was an arena wherein large and small states would compete on equal footing.
