POLS Midterm CH. 4
Publishing truths that harm a person's reputation and livelihood is considered to be defamation of character.
False
The right to privacy is a unique civil liberty in that it is never explicitly mentioned in the Constitution and is dependent on an interpretation of several other civil liberties.
True
The judicial policy prohibiting the admission at trial of illegally seized evidence is known as
the exclusionary rule
A written defamation of a person's character, reputation, business, or property rights is called
libel
Approximately how many prisoners have been freed from death row since 1973 after new evidence suggested that they were convicted wrongfully?
more than one hundred
A defendant's pretrial rights include all of the following EXCEPT
no cruel and unusual punishment
In which of the following situations are roving wire taps allowed to be used for a person under suspicion to be monitored electronically?
no matter what form of electronic communication he or she uses
All of the following civil liberties are listed in the original Constitution, rather than the Bill of Rights, EXCEPT
that Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion
Shortly after the 9/11 terrorist attacks, President George W. Bush issued an executive order allowing which agency to conduct secret surveillance without court warrants?
the National Security Agency
Which of the following best describes how Supreme Court decisions have impacted abortion laws in the United States since the landmark case, Roe v. Wade essentially legalized abortion in 1973?
Partial birth abortion has been restricted
In testing the Constitutionality of government aid to religious schools, the Supreme Court imposes the Lemon test.
True
Polls suggest that support for the death penalty is declining.
True
The Bill of Rights, as originally intended, limited the powers of the national government only and did not apply to state governments
True
The free exercise clause found in the First Amendment allows
a person to believe whatever he or she may want
The standard used to determine if damages can be obtained from a libelous statement made about a public official is
actual malice
Based on a series of Supreme Court rulings, in which of the following settings are the most restrictions on free speech generally allowed under the Constitution?
at a high school
In Gideon v. Wainwright (1963), the Supreme Court held that if a person is accused of a felony and cannot afford an attorney, an attorney must be made available to the accused person
at the government's expense
The first act in a criminal proceeding is an arraignment in which the defendant is brought before a court to
enter a plea of guilty or not guilty
Freedom of religion rests upon two distinct principles, which are the
establishment and free exercise clauses
The "clear and present danger" test is used to determine when it is permissible to restrict
freedom of speech
The unconstitutional act of restricting expression before it occurs is called
prior restraint
In a series of rulings dealing with the establishment clause, which of the following has the Supreme Court established?
prohibited religious prayers in public schools
The free exercise clause comes into play when dealing with cases involving
religion
For criminal suspects held in custody by the police, Miranda rights allow the suspect the right to
remain silent
The public uttering of a false statement that harms the good reputation of another is known as
slander