Population Health Quizes

Regulations leading to widespread use of belt-positioning booster seats can reduce many types of childhood motor vehicle passenger injuries due to crashes. The device is designed to adapt the seatbelt to the child's developmental stature, and leads to the greatest reduction in which type of injuries? Chest injuries Head injuries Abdominal soft tissue and spinal cord injuries Injuries to the lower extremities

Abdominal soft tissue and spinal cord injuries

Compared to diseases such as HIV and Hepatitis, what characteristic of Smallpox helped with its eradication from the planet? Absence of a long-term carrier state Effective therapy for infected individuals Decreased immunogenicity of the virus Presence of an animal reservoir which allows for different areas for intervention

Absence of a long-term carrier state

In what way does the environment have any relevance to public health? The toxic waste produced from manufacturing processes can be harmful to surrounding communities Climate change threatens to bring about extreme weather events that disrupt food access for poor countries The built environment shapes the possibilities for people to engage in physical activity or have highly sedentary lifestyles All of the above

All of the above

Which of the following have implications for environmental health? Air pollution Access to healthy food Availability of places for physical activity Natural disasters All of the above

All of the above

All of the following represent a social justice approach to public health, EXCEPT An food economy that leads to higher prices for healthier foods A decision-making process that is inclusive of different social groups' priorities A concern for the common good over the individual Rights to health care regardless of socio-economic background

An food economy that leads to higher prices for healthier foods

Workers in the Madison-Dane County Health Department provide reproductive health services for women who do not have insurance. This program represents which of the following core functions of public health? Assessment Policy development Assurance None of these

Assurance

Which of the following distinguishes DALYs from HALEs? A) DALYs include a measure of morbidity B) DALYs include only measures of mortality C) DALYs include disease-specific measurement of morbidity and mortality D) None of these are correct

C) DALYs include disease-specific measurement of morbidity and mortality

The Back-to-Sleep campaign directed information at parents and care-givers with the involvement of clinicians, crib manufacturers, and the media. The mortality from SIDS fell by approximately 50% within several years of the beginning of the Back-to-Sleep campaign. Which of the following components of the evidence-based public health approach corresponds to this experience? A) Etiology B) Problem description C) Implementation and Evaluation D) Recommendations

C) Implementation and Evaluation

In the 1960s, Ralph Nader worked tirelessly to reduce automobile injuries in the United States by addressing host characteristics (driving style), vehicle (car design flaws), and/or the environment (road safety). Using the Cheverolet Corvair as an example, Dr. Hargarten observed that: Changing host characteristics was easier and more effective than changing vehicle or environment characteristics Changing vehicle characteristics was easier and more effective than changing host or environment characteristics Changing environment characteristics was easier and more effective than changing host or vehicle characteristics None of the above

Changing vehicle characteristics was easier and more effective than changing host or environment characteristics

Which of the following are approaches included in population health? A) Use of the health care delivery system focused on individuals B) Use of traditional public health approaches focused on populations C) Use of social policy interventions D) All of these are correct

D) All of these are correct

Which of the following is true of an approach focused exclusively on providing people with information about the risks of certain behaviors? Once they become educated about a problem, people will soon alter their behavior Different social groups will have different abilities to change behavior, depending on their access to resources Education campaigns have proven to be highly successful in reaching the poorest populations Information is usually provided to the public by major corporations

Different social groups will have different abilities to change behavior, depending on their access to resources

In the past 15 years, the rate of injury deaths per 100,000 has gone up in the United States. Which of the following mechanisms of death is considered to be the major contributor to this increase? Drug overdoses Motor vehicle crashes Firearms Drownings

Drug overdoses

All of the following are steps in risk assessment, EXCEPT: Hazard identification Risk characterization Dose-response relationship Exposure abatement

Exposure abatement

According to the most recent (2012) Institute of Medicine (IOM) report entitled "For the Public's Health," which of the following should replace the ?-mark in this figure? Assuring conditions for population health The "public health system" Governmental public health infrastructure Healthy people in healthy places

Governmental public health infrastructure

When treating individuals with HIV, health professionals are working to decrease the ______ of this disease. Incubation period Immunogenicity Infectivity Immunity

Infectivity

Outside organizations working on gender and health in local communities should do all of the following, EXCEPT: Relationship-building with local partners Insist on implementing their best practices developed by policy experts Generate knowledge through joint learning Continued engagement and exchange of knowledge

Insist on implementing their best practices developed by policy experts

hich of the following implies that to understand and contol the impacts of environmental exposures, it is necessary to take into account the effect of two or more exposures? Risk assessment Ecological assessment Interaction analysis Systems analysis

Interaction analysis

All of the following are true of the Industrial Revolution, EXCEPT It led to serious air pollution and water pollution issues in cities It is responsible for the growth of urban areas, as more jobs became available It eliminated the prevalence of environmental health problems It led to improvements in transportation

It eliminated the prevalence of environmental health problems

In disaster management globally, which of the following presents the greatest challenge for fund raising? Earthquake relief Famine relief Tornado recovery Sanitation

Sanitation

A man who was obese was diagnosed with a disease called Type 2, or Adult-Onset Diabetes. Every year, he sees an eye doctor to see if he needs a treatment to prevent blindness--a serious complication of diabetes. Which type of prevention is this? Secondary Prevention None of the above Primary Prevention Tertiary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Which is the best conclusion based on our case study of our ecological footprint? The energy and food resources needed to sustain our lifestyles will remain cheaply available for the long-term future The current rate of consumption in wealthy countries is unsustainable and jeopardizes the natural resources on which we depend The poorest populations tend to have the highest level of food and energy consumption Individual consumption choices are the only factor that shape humans' relationship with the environment

The current rate of consumption in wealthy countries is unsustainable and jeopardizes the natural resources on which we depend

Since the implementation of the MMR (Measles, Mumps, and Rubella) vaccine, vaccination rates for Measles and Mumps have remained the same, yet we see different rates of these infectious diseases in the public. What best explains this phenomenon? The age at the which the vaccines are given. The difference in effectiveness of the vaccines. The difference in demographics of those receiving the vaccines. The diseases are screened for at different rates.

The difference in effectiveness of the vaccines.

Which best describes the relationship between poverty and poor health? poverty is the cause of poor health poor health is the cause of poverty poverty and poor health interact and shape each other in a cycle They are separate issues and must be evaluated independently

poverty and poor health interact and shape each other in a cycle

Based on the biographies of the faculty who have presented so far in PHS 370, what conclusion can be drawn about careers in global public health? Having an MD is a prerequisite for working on health systems strengthening A career can span across several organizations and agencies throughout one's lifetime Having many academic publications establishes your credibility in the global health world Teaching in a university setting is mainly concerned with theoretical approaches to global issues

A career can span across several organizations and agencies throughout one's lifetime

Which of the following is the best reason why there have been obstacles to incorporating gender issues into health policies and programs? Men are overwhelmingly more affected by health issues around the world A lack of attention to gender issues in the training of health professionals Women's empowerment organizations have failed to advocate for this issue The Sustainable Development Goals do not consider gender in their metrics

A lack of attention to gender issues in the training of health professionals

Based on the class-wide news story on water in Flint, Michigan, what is the relationship between poverty and environmental health? The poorest urban populations should be blamed for failing to educate themselves on the risk of water contamination Corporations have voluntarily developed high standards for water safety regulations to safeguard the health of nearby communities More affluent populations are protected against toxic water because they are more responsible consumers A long history of racial segregation and economic disparities have left poor minority communities vulnerable to unsafe water

A long history of racial segregation and economic disparities have left poor minority communities vulnerable to unsafe water

Which policy was created that dramatically decreased the number of children dying from toxic ingestions? A policy that punished parents with negligence if their child overdosed on medication A policy that required medication cabinets become child-proof A policy that placed a cap on the dose a pediatrician was allowed to prescribe A policy that required child-proof lids on medications and other toxic substances

A policy that required child-proof lids on medications and other toxic substances

A study of fish consumption and coronary heart disease showed lower rates of heart disease in a population that on average consumed fish daily, compared to a population that on average consumed fish about once per month. This association would establish which of the following: A) A group association that may be helpful in generating a hypothesis about the relationship between fish consumption and coronary heart disease. B) An individual association establishing that eating fish is associated with coronary heart disease. C) None of these are correct. D) A cause-and-effect relationship between fish consumption and coronary heart disease.

A) A group association that may be helpful in generating a hypothesis about the relationship between fish consumption and coronary heart disease.

Which of the following best describes the contributions of social sciences to public health? A) Public health can be viewed as an application of many of the social sciences B) The relationship between social sciences and public health is a recent development C) Public health is a quantitative discipline while social sciences are qualitative D) Public health rarely utilizes social sciences

A) Public health can be viewed as an application of many of the social sciences

According to Dr. Corden, which of the following factors influences large-scale public health policy? Fiscal constraints Personal experiences Political ideology Media All of the above

All of the above

How do the authors Wiley, Berman and Blanke in "Choice, Paternalism and Public Health in the Age of Personal Responsibility" propose public health moves forward from here when facing the backlash of the nanny state? Utilize language of the democratic process; affirm that communities need to work together to solve public health challenges Pay attention to framing public health interventions Be more cognizant of the way our support for public health interventions might reinforce the power of the personal responsibility message All of the above

All of the above

The Survey of the Health of Wisconsin is a unique resource for examining environmental health issues in the state because: It collects objective information about each participant's local environment It collects comprehensive information about individual health behaviors It gathers data on a representative sample of Wisconsin adults It is an ongoing survey All of the above

All of the above

Which of the following plays an important role in the surveillance of infectious disease outbreaks on a college campus? Individuals who report symptoms to healthcare providers Healthcare providers at the university health services Local and state health departments The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention All of the above

All of the above

All of the following are important and effective tools for the prevention of HIV transmission EXCEPT: Screening individuals and informing them about their HIV status. Providing education and resources to prevent uninfected individuals from acquiring HIV. Access to antiretroviral therapy. All of the above are important and effective tools for the prevention of HIV transmission.

All of the above are important and effective tools for the prevention of HIV transmission.

What kind of healthcare system does the United States have? Beveridge Model Bismarck Model Out-of-Pocket Model National Health Insurance Model All of the above, it depends on the population.

All of the above, it depends on the population.

According to Prof. Kendall, why is it important to consider morality politics when examining school based sexual education? Youth prevention plays a key role in decreasing HIV rates. Current school based education models do not address different power dynamics. New and different models are necessary for effective HIV and sex education. Both abstinence-only and comprehensive sexual education are moral interventions. All of the above.

All of the above.

Which of the following is an appropriate public health approach to obesity prevention in the work environment? Provide protected time for lunch, and ensure that healthy food options are available. All of the these are appropriate strategies. Change workflow patterns, including flexible work hours, to create opportunities for regular physical activity during the workday. Create incentives for workers to achieve and maintain a healthy body weight. Establish worksite exercise facilities or create incentives for employees to joing local fitness centers.

All of the these are appropriate strategies.

Which of the following interventions has the greatest potential to reduce the public health burden from chronic diseases? Education on how to improve diets A tax on tobacco Alleviating poverty and social inequality Medical interventions to counter high blood pressure and diabetes

Alleviating poverty and social inequality

All of the following help to explain current trends in global health, EXCEPT Increasing rates of urbanization Changing diets among populations in developing countries An increasing trend toward trade restrictions in food items Population growth

An increasing trend toward trade restrictions in food items

From the 1970's to the 1980's there was a dramatic drop in the number of deaths from children falling out of windows in New York City. Which of the following contributed to this public health achievement? Research studies that quantified the frequency and severity of the problem Voluntary educational campaign that passed out free window guards An ordinance that mandated window guards be installed in apartments with children All of the above

An ordinance that mandated window guards be installed in apartments with children

Which of the following is the best analysis of the Social-Ecological Model? At different points in a person's life and in different contexts, there are changes in how each dimension of the Model shapes health outcomes Each of the layers in the model has the same influence on members of a common racial group Macro-level, global forces are the most important explanation for the rise of obesity in the U.S. Individual behavior is to blame for obesity

At different points in a person's life and in different contexts, there are changes in how each dimension of the Model shapes health outcomes

A group of motivated leaders in Madison are interested in improving the health outcomes of the city's residents by implementing a new program. According to the County Health Rankings model, which of the following approaches would contribute most to improving health outcomes for Madison residents? A) A program that increases access to specialists at UW Hospital and Clinics. B) An initiative that ensures all individuals have a good social and financial support system. C) An educational program that promotes healthy behaviors such smoking cessation, increased physical activity, and healthy eating. D) An initiative to improve both the air and water quality in the city of Madison.

B) An initiative that ensures all individuals have a good social and financial support system.

Which of the following is the most accurate statement about the determinants of health? A) If a pathogenic organism can be shown to cause a disease, no other determinants are relevant B) They reflect underlying forces that are at work in the subsequent development of disease C) One determinant is operating to bring about each disease D) Each determinant can usually be traced to specific diseases

B) They reflect underlying forces that are at work in the subsequent development of disease

What is the best description of public health law? Imposing stricter regulations at the local level Balancing the health of the population with individual rights Weakening the power of individual states so that federal policies can be applied equally across the nation Mandating scientific literary in public schools

Balancing the health of the population with individual rights

Which is the best example of an urban design strategy that promotes good health? Building bike paths near people's homes so that they can easily access physical exercise A highway system that enables people to commute via automobile in the quickest time possible Creating green spaces only in wealthy neighborhoods because those communities can afford to pay for its upkeep Opening supermarkets in neighborhoods with the highest purchasing power

Building bike paths near people's homes so that they can easily access physical exercise

Which of the following best defines "global public health"? Transferring focus from domestic health concerns to international epidemics Increasing life expectancy at home and abroad Collaborative transnational research and action for promoting health for all people Guaranteeing availability of and access to culturally sensitive medical care

Collaborative transnational research and action for promoting health for all people

Which of the following is the best strategy to address the global chronic disease epidemic? Countries must raise taxes to pay for increasing medical costs attributed to chronic diseases For education campaigns on lower-income communities Combine government regulations, education, and community-based interventions Redirect donor country funding for AIDS and malaria to chronic disease prevention and control

Combine government regulations, education, and community-based interventions

Which of the following types of behaviors is typically easiest to change? A) Long-standing behaviors that provide short-term satisfaction B) New behaviors that satisfy short-term needs C) Long-standing behaviors accompanied by physical addiction D) New behaviors that can be substituted with an alternative that satisfies short-term needs

D) New behaviors that can be substituted with an alternative that satisfies short-term needs

A city decides to pass a law that increases tax on sugar sweetened beverages in hopes of decreasing future rates of obesity and diabetes. Which of following statements best describe this implementation approach? A) Primary prevention that imposes a requirement on all individuals. B) Tertiary prevention that educates individuals who consume sugar sweetened beverages. C) Secondary prevention that motivates individuals who are obese. D) Primary prevention that uses motivation aimed at those who consume sugar sweetened beverages.

D) Primary prevention that uses motivation aimed at those who consume sugar sweetened beverages.

High blood pressure is reduced by adding a new salt substitute to a range of foods sold to the public. Which of the following public health strategies does this describe? A) Reducing the high risk B) Narrowing the spread of the risk C) None of these are correct D) Reducing the average risk

D) Reducing the average risk

A random sample of high school students is questioned about their cigarette smoking and use of e-cigarettes. Which of the following types of data does this represent? A) Sentinel surveillance B) Syndromic surveillance C) Single case or small number of cases D) Survey data E) Statistics - vital statistics and reportable diseases

D) Survey data

Which of the following is an example of tertiary injury prevention? Decreasing emergency response times Improving the safety features of firearms Adding guardrails to the side of dangerous roadways Enforcing tough drinking and driving laws

Decreasing emergency response times

Which of the following is/are important feature(s) of a high quality Web site? A) The objectivity of the Web site B) Recent updating of the Web site C) The presence of references for the data or conclusions presented on the Web site D) The availability of information on the source of funding for the Web site E) All of these are correct

E) All of these are correct

A UW student is biking the bike path that runs along University Ave when they become distracted. They inadvertently swerve but a curb prevents them from biking into oncoming traffic, which is fortunate because this individual was not wearing a helmet. Which determinants of health played a role in this scenario? A) Behavior B) Genetics C) Environment D) Medical Care E) Both A and C

E) Both A and C

An individual realizes that they need to lose weight to reduce their chances of developing diabetes, but is not yet ready to start a diet. Which of the following best describes this stage of behavioral change? A) Pre-Contemplation B) Maintenance C) Preparation D) Action E) Contemplation

E) Contemplation

According to data from Milwaukee County, 9-1-1 is called in the majority of overdose cases that are treated by laypeople administering Naloxone. True False

False

What is one reason why women over 75 were at so much higher risk of dying from the 2003 Paris heat wave than men over 75? Families were more likely to take in and care for a widowed elderly male than a widowed elderly female Elderly men were more likely to be single than elderly women Elderly men have better thermoregulation Elderly women were less capable of handling their activities of daily living on their own

Families were more likely to take in and care for a widowed elderly male than a widowed elderly female

Which of the following statements about firearm injuries is true? The National Rifle Association has never been concerned with firearm injuries Focusing on gun design is an evidence-based approach to reducing firearm injuries Firearm injuries do not fit the classic disease model because there are no clear agents, vectors, or hosts Firearm injuries are only a concern of law enforcement and safety officers

Focusing on gun design is an evidence-based approach to reducing firearm injuries

According to Miller et al, which characteristic of children in the U.S. makes them more likely to die from a firearm than children in other high-income countries? Increased access to firearms More careless and accident prone Increased suicidality and depression More violent behavior and compulsions

Increased access to firearms

All of the following are consequences of the "epidemiologic transition," EXCEPT: Increase in life expectancy Increased health threat from diabetes Decrease in fertility rate Increased health threat from unsafe water

Increased health threat from unsafe water

As the reproductive rate of an infectious disease increases, the herd immunity threshold for that infectious disease _________. Decreases Remains the same Increases There is no relationship between reproductive rate and the herd immunity threshold.

Increases

According to Dr. Conway, who are the social free-loaders in regards to vaccinations? Individuals who can afford vaccines but receive them for free at a local health department. Individuals who receive vaccines and are free of disease as a result. Individuals who cannot receive vaccines for medical reasons but are freely protected by herd immunity Individuals who choose to not receive vaccines but are protected by herd immunity.

Individuals who choose to not receive vaccines but are protected by herd immunity.

There are many factors that affect our ability to eradicate a disease from the globe. Based on these factors, which one of the following diseases is the LEAST likely to be eradicated? Polio Influenza Measles Rubella

Influenza

The "Non-Smokers Rights" movement was very successful in changing the norms about smoking, and led to reductions in smoking in the population. How did the industry respond to this movement? Developed e-cigarettes as a safer alternative to smoking Dropped the price of cigarettes to increase consumption Initiated an aggressive marketing campaign focused on children and adolescents Added filters and develop low-tar/low-nicotine cigarettes

Initiated an aggressive marketing campaign focused on children and adolescents

"Injuries are not accidents" because: Injuries, unlike accidents, are intentionally harmful Injuries are predictable and preventable Injuries occur randomly among a population All of the above

Injuries are predictable and preventable

Injuries are associated with high YPLL (years of potential life lost) because: Injuries are unpredictable and cannot be prevented Injuries disproportionately affect younger members of a population Use of epidemiological tools to study injury is still in its infancy Injuries can diminish an individual's quality fo life for many years into the future

Injuries disproportionately affect younger members of a population

Why does Dr. Lerner state that Naloxone treatment is an insufficient intervention? It is ineffective and does not decrease deaths related to overdoses It can only be used in hospital settings and is not widely available There are many side effects and it is a dangerous treatment for many patients It is a tertiary prevention and only impacts those who have already overdosed

It is a tertiary prevention and only impacts those who have already overdosed

What is a major concern of the U.S. traditional "fee-for-service" system of payment for health care? Providers and hospitals do not get paid enough money for the services they provide. There is no way to measure and track the amount of money being spent on health care. It provides incentives for doctors to provide more care, rather than care that leads to better health outcomes. It limits the number of procedures that patients may receive from healthcare providers.

It provides incentives for doctors to provide more care, rather than care that leads to better health outcomes.

All of the following are true of the Social-Ecological Model, EXCEPT: It shows how individuals in different contexts are affected by a different set of social and economic factors It departs from an exclusively biomedical approach to health It shows the linkages between individual behavior and broader-level forces It shows why all AIDS victims in poor countries encounter the same challenges

It shows why all AIDS victims in poor countries encounter the same challenges

How is planetary health related to human health? It enables consumers to continue extracting the world's resources at an alarming rate It sustains the natural systems upon which human societies depend for their well-being It prioritizes only a few aspects of our environment and ignores others It ensures the separation between human civilizations and nature

It sustains the natural systems upon which human societies depend for their well-being

Why is local knowledge valuable during disaster management efforts? It takes into account the lived experiences of communities and their priorities It is a convenient way to simplify a complex problem It ensures that technological solutions are always the most effective response It benefits the people with the closest ties to outside experts

It takes into account the lived experiences of communities and their priorities

In battling the opioid epidemic in Milwaukee County, which of the following was revealed from examining the death data? The deaths were clustered in one area of Milwaukee Only young individuals were impacted by opioid-related deaths Males were impacted almost twice as much as females The majority of the overdoses were in racial and ethnic minorities

Males were impacted almost twice as much as females

Which of the following is an example of a paternalistic intervention? Mandating that students eat vegetables in the school cafeteria Creating more bicycle paths in urban environments Political advocacy work on clean air and clean water Increasing the availability of medicines for low-income populations

Mandating that students eat vegetables in the school cafeteria

__________ is a joint Federal-State health insurance program that primarily covers mothers and children with low incomes. Federal Employees Health Insurance Program Medicare Part A Medicare Part B Medicaid State Child Health Insurance Program

Medicaid

Chronic kidney disease, also called end-stage renal disease, is a condition that leads to the failure of the kidneys to function, resulting in serious health consequences, and ultimately death if left untreated. Fortunately, renal or hemodialysis can be used to reduce these effects, and some people are even able to have a kidney transplant. Because of the high costs of this disease, the U.S. Congress passed a law over 40 years ago and developed the "End Stage Renal Disease Program." This program extends Medicare coverage to Americans if they had serious, incurable chronic kidney disease. This program is most like which of the following health care systems? National health insurance Out-of-pocket Beveridge Bismarck None of the above

National health insurance

Back in 2008, there was an outbreak of Norovirus on the UW campus that affected many students in residence halls but very few required medical treatment at a hospital or clinic. What factors of Norovirus infections caused this? Norovirus has high infectivity, high pathogenicity, and low virulence. Norovirus has high infectivity, low pathogenicity, and low virulence. Norovirus has high infectivity, high pathogenicity, and high virulence. Norovirus has low infectivity, low pathogenicity, and low virulence.

Norovirus has high infectivity, high pathogenicity, and low virulence.

What is the meaning of "social geography" of vulnerability, in the context of the Paris heat wave? The government's concern for elderly women ensured they survived the heat wave People living on higher floors in apartment buildings were more likely to be poor and have worse living conditions Physiological factors alone explain vulnerability to heat waves None of the affluent neighborhoods were affected by the heat wave

People living on higher floors in apartment buildings were more likely to be poor and have worse living conditions

Research has been conducted to examine the effects of air pollution on lung function. Among which of the following groups does air pollution have the greatest impact on lung function? Wealthy residents of a community People living in neighborhoods that are well maintained Populations who perceive their neighborhoods to be stressful (e.g., from crime, safety etc.) This is no difference, since air pollution levels are at or below health based standards throughout the state

Populations who perceive their neighborhoods to be stressful (e.g., from crime, safety etc.)

All of the following have been shown to increase vaccination rates EXCEPT: State laws that create strict exemption policies. Providers that show images of children infected by vaccine-preventable diseases. Hospital systems that implement a refusal form which educates parents. Implementation of vaccination requirements for school entry.

Providers that show images of children infected by vaccine-preventable diseases.

Which of the following interventions has proven most successful in reducing the prevalence of smoking among young people and among the poor? Laws against selling tobacco to minors Raising cigarette taxes Bans on smoking indoors Doctors' recommendations

Raising cigarette taxes

systems in most other developed countries such as Canada and the United Kingdom? The U.S. does not incorporate technical innovations in diagnosis and treatment as actively as other countries. The U.S. generally provides patients with less choice of physicians than these other countries. The U.S. has a higher infant mortality rate than other developed countries. The U.S. has a longer life expectancy at birth than most other developed countries. None of these options is true

The U.S. has a higher infant mortality rate than other developed countries.

All of the following are true about the U.S health care system, compared to health care systems in other developed countries, EXCEPT: The U.S. has a higher percentage of uninsured patients than other developed countries The United States spends far more per capita and a higher percentage of its GDP than any other country. The U.S. has a higher percentage of specialists compared to generalists than most other developed countries The U.S. has a lower percentage of its costs related to administration than most other developed countries

The U.S. has a lower percentage of its costs related to administration than most other developed countries

All of the following are true, EXCEPT: The disparities in smoking rates by education level have decreased over the past 50 years. College graduates are less likely to smoke than people with only a high school degree. Joe Camel ads were most successful in raising consumption of Camel cigarettes among young people. Environmental tobacco smoke causes many of the same harmful health effects as active smoking

The disparities in smoking rates by education level have decreased over the past 50 years.

Compared to the healthcare systems found in most low-income countries, the funding for healthcare in high-income countries comes from __________. The government Individuals paying out-of-pocket Development assistance Large banking corporations

The government

According to Professor Keller's lecture, which is the best conclusion about weather-related disasters? The effects are natural, and there is nothing that societies can do to change their catastrophic outcome Survival depends on good fortune, and happening to be in the right place at the right time The impacts on different social groups are shaped by pre-existing patterns of social and political marginalization Because such weather events are unpredictable, there is no ability to predict which populations might be most vulnerable to them

The impacts on different social groups are shaped by pre-existing patterns of social and political marginalization

Which of the following best explains why there are so many asbestos-related deaths world-wide? A lack of understanding of the risk of exposure to asbestos A lack of available alternatives to asbestos in manufacturing The influence of the asbestos industry to continue to use asbestos commercially A lack of ways to measure the incidence of asbestos-related diseases

The influence of the asbestos industry to continue to use asbestos commercially

Which is true of community-based participatory research? The researcher remains neutral, for fear of providing bias to the study Research questions are developed in a laboratory and imposed on local populations The study must be generalizable across the country The researcher engages with the study's participants to develop research questions and objectives

The researcher engages with the study's participants to develop research questions and objectives

All of the following are characteristics of a college campus that make it susceptible to the transmission of infectious diseases, EXCEPT: Students and faculty often travel to and from places all over the world. Individuals often live in close quarters and share facilities. There are decreased vaccination rates in college students. The prevalence of social behaviors that contribute to transmission.

There are decreased vaccination rates in college students.

Which of the following is true of local public health departments? They must be directed by a public health physician They have defined constitutional responsibilities to provide for health services They serve as the primary organization for implementation of the right to healthcare They all have the same structure and scope of responsibilities across the country There can be more than one health department in a county

There can be more than one health department in a county

Which of the following statements regarding the relationship between asbestos and health is TRUE? Prolonged exposure to asbestos is necessary to cause the development of mesothelioma Friable asbestos is less of a health risk than bound asbestos There is a long latency period between exposure and disease Wetting down demolition sites is a proven effective way to eliminate airborne asbestos but is not routinely enforced.

There is a long latency period between exposure and disease

In epidemiology, it is important to remember that correlation does not equal causation. What needs to be considered when determining if an organism is the contributory cause of a disease in humans? There needs to be evidence of association and the organism should be able to be isolated and shown to be transmissible to humans. There needs to be evidence of association and the organism should be able to be isolated and shown to be transmissible to humans and other animals. There needs to be evidence of association and the organism should be able to be isolated, but demonstrating transmissibility is not important. There needs to be evidence of association and the organism must have been tested in a randomized controlled trial.

There needs to be evidence of association and the organism should be able to be isolated and shown to be transmissible to humans.

Which is the best description of the burden of chronic disease on a global scale? They are diseases of affluence, affecting only the wealthy population in the most advanced countries They are confined to the most vulnerable populations in poor countries They are rising at a fast rate in poor countries and the poor population in rich countries They are the least expensive of all kinds of diseases

They are rising at a fast rate in poor countries and the poor population in rich countries

All of the following statements about injury pyramids are true EXCEPT: They are used for classifying the severity of injury They illustrate ratios between non-fatal and fatal injuries Events at the top of the pyramid are usually easier to measure They are used in determining the mechanism of injury

They are used in determining the mechanism of injury

Which of the following best describes the rationale behind the Sustainable Development Goals? To create a clear separation between different global issues so that experts in each field can tackle each issue in isolation from one another To build a global coalition aimed at integrating solutions across sectors To overcome donor agencies' bias against African countries To have more precise statistical measures of non-communicable diseases

To build a global coalition aimed at integrating solutions across sectors

Morbidity due to psychosocial and/or sociobehavioral conditions - for instance, mental illness or substance abuse and addiction - has recently received more attention and is considered an important part of the following public health concept: Double burden of disease Case fatality rate Triple burden of disease Demographic transition

Triple burden of disease

A person working in public health who is seen as highly competent and with a highly caring attitude is most likely to gain which of the following from the communities they serve? Affection Respect Trust Compassion

Trust

The healthcare systems in Cuba and the UK are government financed and primarily government operated. Which of the following aspects of the US healthcare system is like this? Non-profit hospitals Medicaid Veterans Affairs (VA) hospitals Medicare None of the above

Veterans Affairs (VA) hospitals

Isolation and quarantine are often confused in the media and general public. Which statement is the most accurate in addressing these two terms? In the US, we often quarantine individuals who have been exposed to infectious diseases. When someone is infected with an infectious disease one mechanism for preventing transmission of disease is to put them in isolation. After showing symptoms of disease, patients can be placed in quarantine to prevent the transmission of disease. There is no difference between isolation and quarantine and both can be used interchangeably.

When someone is infected with an infectious disease one mechanism for preventing transmission of disease is to put them in isolation.

What is herd immunity? When those who are not immunized are protected from a disease because a high percentage of individuals are immunized. When vaccinations are no longer required because the entire population is immune. When you isolate individuals who have not received vaccinations from those who are contagious. When everyone in a population has received a vaccine and is immune as a result.

When those who are not immunized are protected from a disease because a high percentage of individuals are immunized.

Focusing on women's access to adequate food, education, and housing exemplifies what approach to public health? collaboration with sectors that have not commonly been health partners Assigning each government agency a separate set of objectives Removing health concerns from political debate Reforming the World Health Organization

collaboration with sectors that have not commonly been health partners