Porifera
Define Invertebrata
"marine" organisms without a backbone (row of bones called vertebrae
Define porocyte
(pore cell) tube like cells that form a pore or ostium that have a microscopic canal that allows water to enter
Define spongin
tough elastic fibers made of protien
Define spicules
transparent siliceaous or calcareous support structure
What type of water (depth and temperature wise) do most sponges inhabit?
tropical and shallow
True or False: Sponge gametes are not produced in gonads (sex organs)
true
What do sponges not form?
true tissues and organs
Describe the process a porocyte facilitates.
water flows into pores--->water is pumped into feeding chamber--->chamber is lined with feeding cells (collar cells)
What does a zygote become after it is released?
zooplankton
What happens to the zygote after it is fertilized?
zygote develops into tiny flagellated sphere and is released into water as plankton
What percent of species on earth are invertebrates?
97%
What forms a pore/ostia?
A porocyte
Define suspension feeders.
Animals that eat food particles suspended in water
Define choanocyte.
Cells that have a flagellum that creates a water current and a thin collar that traps food particles
Describe the function of choanocyte.
Creates water current--->thin collar traps food
True or False: Sponges are symmetric
False
What is the most successful organism?
Insects
Where does fertilization take place in a sponge?
Internally
Define osculum.
Large opening at top of sponge where water exits the sponge
What is filtered out through the ostia?
Plankton and organic particles are filtered out of the water
What is the phyllum name for sponges?
Porifera
Fill in the blank: Nearly all sponges are __________.
Sessile
What two materials are spicules made of?
Silica and calcium
How is an egg in a sponge fertilized?
Sperm enters the sponge and fertilizes the egg to form a zygote
Define glass sponges.
Sponges anchored in deep-water sediments. Lace-like skeletons of fused siliceous spicules.
Fill in the blank: As sponges get larger they need _______ __________.
Structural support
Define boring sponges
actively bore thin channels through calcium carbonate shells
What creates spongin and spicules?
amebocytes
What is the body plan of a sponge?
asymmetrical
Define asexual reproduction
branches or buds break off the sponge and grow into a new individual sponge
What shapes can sponges grow into?
branching, tubular, round, volcano like
How is the sponge zygote carried?
by the current
Define scelero sponges
calcium carbonate skeleton forms beneath the body of the sponge. First thought to be fossils
What does -cyte mean?
cell
What cells develop into sex cells?
collar cells or amebocytes
Where is food ingested in a sponge?
in body of the cell
Where is the egg in a sponge?
inside the "body"
Define metamorphosis.
larvae eventually change into juveniles that resemble adults
Define sessile
living attached to a surface or sea floor
Define hermaphrodite
male and female gametes
How are sponges similair to the first multicellular organisms?
simple colonies of cells in which some have become specialized
Fill in the blank: sponges are structurally the __________ multicellular animal.
simplest
What gives sponges support?
spicules and spongin
Define encrusting.
sponges that form a thin growth on rocks or dead coral
Define broad cast spawning
sponges typlically release male gametes into the water and the current carries them to other sponges
Define filter feeders.
suspension feeders that actively filter food particles
What other organisms are sponges similair to?
the first multicellular organisms
Where are spongin and spicules located?
the gelatinous layer between the inner and outer layers of the sponge
What are sponges used for by humans?
-anti biotics -anti-infalmmatory -painkilling -not eaten -bath sponges
What functions do amebocytes carry out?
-create spicules and spongin -transport and store food -can transform into other types of sponge cells -repair -replacement
What is the difference between osculum and ostia?
There are many ostia but only one osculum. Water flows through ostia and exits the osculum.
How do cells within a sponge interact?
They are mostly independent of eachother
What unique charicateristics do sponges posses?
They can be turned to aggregate and reorganize. (If broken, the sponge would be able to regrow from the pieces broken off)
Define Ostia
Tiny pores on the surface that alow water to circulate through canals.
What does a simple body plan allow for?
Variety of shapes, sizes, and colors
What is a choanocyte also known as?
a collar cell
True of False: All sponges have a flexible spongy texture
false
True or false: all sponges are either male or female
false
Define pinacocytes
flat cells that cover the outer surface of sponges
Define sexual reproduction
gametetes (sperm and egg)
What adjective describes sponge cells?
plastic
Where do sponges live?
poles to tropics
What does porifera mean?
pore bearer
What are the most important functions amebocytes carry out?
repair and replacement
