Porifera

Define Invertebrata

"marine" organisms without a backbone (row of bones called vertebrae

Define porocyte

(pore cell) tube like cells that form a pore or ostium that have a microscopic canal that allows water to enter

Define spongin

tough elastic fibers made of protien

Define spicules

transparent siliceaous or calcareous support structure

What type of water (depth and temperature wise) do most sponges inhabit?

tropical and shallow

True or False: Sponge gametes are not produced in gonads (sex organs)

true

What do sponges not form?

true tissues and organs

Describe the process a porocyte facilitates.

water flows into pores--->water is pumped into feeding chamber--->chamber is lined with feeding cells (collar cells)

What does a zygote become after it is released?

zooplankton

What happens to the zygote after it is fertilized?

zygote develops into tiny flagellated sphere and is released into water as plankton

What percent of species on earth are invertebrates?

97%

What forms a pore/ostia?

A porocyte

Define suspension feeders.

Animals that eat food particles suspended in water

Define choanocyte.

Cells that have a flagellum that creates a water current and a thin collar that traps food particles

Describe the function of choanocyte.

Creates water current--->thin collar traps food

True or False: Sponges are symmetric

False

What is the most successful organism?

Insects

Where does fertilization take place in a sponge?

Internally

Define osculum.

Large opening at top of sponge where water exits the sponge

What is filtered out through the ostia?

Plankton and organic particles are filtered out of the water

What is the phyllum name for sponges?

Porifera

Fill in the blank: Nearly all sponges are __________.

Sessile

What two materials are spicules made of?

Silica and calcium

How is an egg in a sponge fertilized?

Sperm enters the sponge and fertilizes the egg to form a zygote

Define glass sponges.

Sponges anchored in deep-water sediments. Lace-like skeletons of fused siliceous spicules.

Fill in the blank: As sponges get larger they need _______ __________.

Structural support

Define boring sponges

actively bore thin channels through calcium carbonate shells

What creates spongin and spicules?

amebocytes

What is the body plan of a sponge?

asymmetrical

Define asexual reproduction

branches or buds break off the sponge and grow into a new individual sponge

What shapes can sponges grow into?

branching, tubular, round, volcano like

How is the sponge zygote carried?

by the current

Define scelero sponges

calcium carbonate skeleton forms beneath the body of the sponge. First thought to be fossils

What does -cyte mean?

cell

What cells develop into sex cells?

collar cells or amebocytes

Where is food ingested in a sponge?

in body of the cell

Where is the egg in a sponge?

inside the "body"

Define metamorphosis.

larvae eventually change into juveniles that resemble adults

Define sessile

living attached to a surface or sea floor

Define hermaphrodite

male and female gametes

How are sponges similair to the first multicellular organisms?

simple colonies of cells in which some have become specialized

Fill in the blank: sponges are structurally the __________ multicellular animal.

simplest

What gives sponges support?

spicules and spongin

Define encrusting.

sponges that form a thin growth on rocks or dead coral

Define broad cast spawning

sponges typlically release male gametes into the water and the current carries them to other sponges

Define filter feeders.

suspension feeders that actively filter food particles

What other organisms are sponges similair to?

the first multicellular organisms

Where are spongin and spicules located?

the gelatinous layer between the inner and outer layers of the sponge

What are sponges used for by humans?

-anti biotics -anti-infalmmatory -painkilling -not eaten -bath sponges

What functions do amebocytes carry out?

-create spicules and spongin -transport and store food -can transform into other types of sponge cells -repair -replacement

What is the difference between osculum and ostia?

There are many ostia but only one osculum. Water flows through ostia and exits the osculum.

How do cells within a sponge interact?

They are mostly independent of eachother

What unique charicateristics do sponges posses?

They can be turned to aggregate and reorganize. (If broken, the sponge would be able to regrow from the pieces broken off)

Define Ostia

Tiny pores on the surface that alow water to circulate through canals.

What does a simple body plan allow for?

Variety of shapes, sizes, and colors

What is a choanocyte also known as?

a collar cell

True of False: All sponges have a flexible spongy texture

false

True or false: all sponges are either male or female

false

Define pinacocytes

flat cells that cover the outer surface of sponges

Define sexual reproduction

gametetes (sperm and egg)

What adjective describes sponge cells?

plastic

Where do sponges live?

poles to tropics

What does porifera mean?

pore bearer

What are the most important functions amebocytes carry out?

repair and replacement