Portuguese Grammar Test - revision

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prepositional phrases

abaixo de - below por baixo de - under acima de - above ao lado de - next to diante de - in front of por cima de - on a fim de - in order to.

após

after

Present endings - ar

-o, -as, -a, -amos, -am

present endings - er

-o, -es, -e, -emos, -em

Present endings - ir

-o,-es,-e,-imos,-em

formation of interrogative phrases

In brazilian portuguese, subject usually always precedes the verb, however in European Portuguese questions with an interrogative word may need inversion of this order.

affirmative phrases

Usually indicated by 'sim', however in most cases its the verb that indicates the affirmation, and if you say 'sim' its usually for emphasis and you should include the verb. i.e. Vais amanha? - answer could just be 'vou', 'sim vou' for emphasis. or 'vou, vou' which is less formal.

negative - nada ninguém e nenhum

Same rule in terms of placement: nada(nothing) - nada me interessa, não vamos beber nada, obrigada. ninguém (no-one) - ninguém fala inglês, nao vejo ninguém nenhum/a (no/none) - Nenhuma loja está aberta. Nao tenho nenhuma objecção

interrogative phrases part 1

como - how/what onde - where que/o que - what quando - when por que (B) - why

por conjugation

ponho, pões, põe, pomos, pondes, põem

interrogative phrases part2

qual (pl. quais) - which/what quem - who quanto/a - how much quantos/as - how many porque (P) - why

negative - placement of negatives

some negatives may be placed before the verb, if they are placed after, não must then be used to proceed them. Nunca e Jamais (never) A minha avó nunca foi ao cinema O rapaz jamais viu o mar NAO vemos JAMAIS o Tiago

at/on/to

to

negative - não e Sem (not and without)

sem, can act as não but would usually be translated as 'without'. Ele entrou sem me falar (he came in w/o speaking to me) Agua mineral sem gas - mineral water

desde

from

até

until

'é que'

used to add emphasis to the question, placed between interrogative and the subject

em

in

negatives that can also be used as objects in a sentence

nada, ninguém, nenhum/a, em/a lugar nenhum

negative - nem...nem..., Nem/nem sequer, Também nao

nem...nem... - neither/nor - same position rule nem/ nem sequer - not even/not a single tambem nao - neither/nor do/ either

ante

before

entre

between

negative that must be placed after verb and be preceded by nao

em/a lugar nenhum (nowhere) Não moro em lugar nenhum

negative - formation of the negative

normally formed by placing the word 'não' in from of the verb i.e. Eu nao gosto do livro or a double - nao + verb + negative 'Eu não digo nada'

contraction of the definite article - a and por

o - ao, a - à, os - aos, as - às o - pelo, a - pela, os - pelos, as - pelas

contraction of the definite article - de and em

o - do, a - da, os - dos, as - das. o - no, a - nas, os - nos, as - nas

de

of, only used with time when referring to specific hours of the week

contraction of the indefinite article with 'de'

um - dum, uma - duma, uns - duns, umas - dumas

contraction of the indefinite article with 'em'

um- num, uma- numa, uns - nuns, umas - numas.

com

with

sem

without


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