POS 100: American Government Practice Questions Ch 7-14

19. The election of 1800 marked the beginning of the end for the Federalists. By __________, the Federalists were gone for good. a. 1808 b. 1820 c. 1836 d. 1840 e. 1880

b. 1820

24. Although the number of women in Congress has grown over time, they comprise only__________ of Congress. a. 4% b. 20% c. 11% d. 1% e. 35%

b. 20%

6. According to a 2013 poll, ____ of Americans think the political parties do an adequate job of representing theAmerican people. a. 5% b. 24% c. 47% d. 62% e. 81%

b. 24%

59. In 2009, how many of the House Democrats voted against reforming health care, President Obama's most important policy initiative? a. 0 b. 39 c. 83 d. 258 e. 760.

b. 39

29. ____________ was the first candidate elected as a Republican. a. Abraham Lincoln b. John Quincy Adams c. John Fremont d. Andrew Jackson e. Warren G. Harding

c. John Fremont

63. In the typical presidential campaign news story on television, a candidate speaks about ____ of the time. a. 52% b. 90% c. 27% d. 100% e. 11%

e. 11%

31. Until 2000, the last time a candidate won most of the popular votes but did not win the presidency was in a. 1864. b. 1988. c. 1920. d. 1968. e. 1888.

e. 1888.

25. The Executive Office of the President employs around _________ individuals and has an annual budget of $500million. a. 4,500 b. 14,000 c. 9,000 d. 500 e. 2,000

e. 2,000

42. Around the world, the percentage of countries holding regular, free, and fair elections has risen to _____ percent. a. 37%. b. 43%. c. 49%. d. 54%. e. 63%.

e. 63%.

33. In a challenge to the Civil Rights Act before the Supreme Court in the case involving Ollie McClung who refused to serve blacks in his restaurant, the Court based its decision upholding the act on which constitutional principle? a. Congress's power to regulate interstate commerce b. Fifth Amendment's equal protection clause c. Thirteenth Amendment's protection against slavery clause d. federal government's duty to ensure domestic tranquility e. Bill of Rights

a. Congress's power to regulate interstate commerce

32. The case Cohen v. California dealt with a man who was prosecuted for wearing a jacket in a Los Angeles courthouse with the following words emblazoned on it: a. "F*ck the draft. Stop the war." b. "D*ath to the Jews." c. "Somebody please sh*ot Nixon." d. "I have a bomb." e. "Contract k*ller for hire."

a. "F*ck the draft. Stop the war."

31. A U.S. Court of Appeals held in 2013 that when Daniel Ray Carter, Jr., an employee of the sheriff's office in Hampton, Virginia ______, it was constitutionally protected symbolic speech. a. "liked" a Facebook page b. placed a campaign sign in his yard c. wore an arm band protesting police brutality d. attended a pro-immigration rally e. participated in a march supporting separation of church and state

a. "liked" a Facebook page

49. In the case of United States v. Virginia, Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg viewed the case using _____ when assessing official acts that deny individuals rights or responsibilities based on their sex. a. "skeptical scrutiny" b. "de jure segregation" c. "amicus brief"d. "equal-but-separate" e. "vetting"

a. "skeptical scrutiny"

53. Bureaucrats "go by the book" because... a. "the book" consists of the laws they are obligated to enforce. b. they are afraid of being rebuked by Congress if they depart from "the book." c. they are unimaginative and "the book" provides ready-made answers. d. they operate only within their narrow specialization. e. they can hide behind it if their actions are unpopular.

a. "the book" consists of the laws they are obligated to enforce.

58. About ____ percent of cases, either criminal or civil, in federal district courts are tried rather than being disposed of through plea bargaining. a. 10 b. 25 c. 50 d. 75 e. 90

a. 10

25. The national bureaucracy is staffed by roughly 2. 7 million civilian employees, who account for about _____ of the U.S. work force. a. 2% b. 14% c. 28% d. 35% e. 75%

a. 2%

36. The typical procedure for an initiative requires petitions to feature the signatures of _________ of the number of registered voters in a state. a. 5 to 10 percent b. 25 to 30 percent c. 45 to 50 percent d. more than 50 percent e. at least 60 percent

a. 5 to 10 percent

28. In the 2000 presidential election, after more than a month of ballot counting, recounting, lawsuits, and court decisions, Bush was certified as the winner of Florida's 25 electoral votes by __________ popular votes. a. 537 b. 44 c. 1924 d. 941 e. 263

a. 537

2. Which of the following presidents have been impeached? a. Andrew Johnson and Bill Clinton b. George W. Bush and Bill Clinton c. Richard Nixon and Lyndon B. Johnson d. Richard Nixon, Lyndon B. Johnson, and Gerald Ford e. Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford

a. Andrew Johnson and Bill Clinton

61. The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) extended the protections granted in which law, to people with physical and mental disabilities? a. Civil Rights Act of 1964 b. Fifteenth Amendment c. Nineteenth Amendment d. Immigration and Naturalization Act of 1965 e. PATRIOT Act

a. Civil Rights Act of 1964

19. The delegation of powers is the process by which _____ gives the executive branch the additional authority needed to address new problems. a. Congress b. state government c. the voting public d. the Supreme Court e. the Senate Majority Leader

a. Congress

33. The appellate jurisdiction of the U.S. Supreme Court can be changed by... a. Congress. b. no one. c. the president. d. the Justice Department. e. the Supreme Court itself.

a. Congress.

5. As a way to account for excesses by the Supreme Court justices, the Constitution allows for... a. impeachment. b. a mandate. c. free speech. d. "time out." e. a supermajority vote.

a. impeachment.

35. The __________ Party won most presidential elections from 1932, during the Great Depression, through the election of 1964, when the turbulent 1960s created the environment for a major political realignment. a. Democratic b. Tea c. Populist d. Republican e. Liberal

a. Democratic

51. People who have lower incomes and less education are more likely to consider themselves a. Democrats. b. Republicans. c. Libertarians. d. Liberals. e. Socialists.

a. Democrats.

41. Campaign finance laws are challenged as a violation of the _________ Amendment. a. First b. Fourth c. Fifth d. Fourteenth e. Twenty-second

a. First

13. Over time, the Supreme Court has used the __________ to apply the specifics of the Bill of Rights to the states. a. Fourteenth Amendment's due process clause b. Fifth Amendment's double jeopardy clause c. Tenth Amendment d. the Gideon Rule e. Palko v. Connecticut precedent

a. Fourteenth Amendment's due process clause

20. Candidates eventually favored by most party identifiers usually win their party's nomination. There have beenonly two exceptions to this rule: Aldai Stevenson in 1952 and _____ in 1972. a. George McGovern b. Ronald Reagan c. Dwight Eisenhower d. Jimmy Carter e. Bill Clinton

a. George McGovern

64. Which act held agencies accountable for their performance? a. Government Performance and Results Act b. Agency Accountability Reform Act c. Agency Review Act d. Government Analysis Reform Act e. Bureaucratic Control Act

a. Government Performance and Results Act

34. __________ captured the presidency in 1968 and won five of the eleven southern states in the old Confederacy, signaling an electoral realignment that has seen Republican candidates for president do very well in the south. a. Hubert Humphrey b. George Wallacec. Richard Nixon d. Ronald Reagan e. Eugene McCarthy

a. Hubert Humphrey

63. Which of the following is considered a model of effective crisis management? a. Kennedy and the Cuban missile crisis b. Reagan and the TWA hijacking c. Reagan and the Grenada invasion d. Carter and the Iranian hostage crisis e. Bush and the Iraqi War

a. Kennedy and the Cuban missile crisis

45. What legislation did President Obama sign after becoming president that undid the 2007 Supreme Court decision making it more difficult for plaintiffs to bring lawsuits over pay discrimination? a. Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act b. Equal Pay Act c. EEOC Pay Reform Act d. Ruth Bader Ginsburg Act e. Civil Rights Act of 1991

a. Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act

24. How did "white flight" affect the inner-city schools? a. Most of the inner-city schools were predominantly black. b. Most of the inner-city schools were predominantly white. c. The inner-city and suburban schools became more balanced in white and black populations. d. The inner-city schools were closed down because of a lack of students.e. Most of the suburban schools were predominantly black.

a. Most of the inner-city schools were predominantly black.

62. The ________ is a group of advisers who help the president mold a coherent approach to foreign policy. a. National Security Council b. Department of Defense c. intelligence community d. Foreign Affairs Committee e. National Security Agency

a. National Security Council

51. _____ are an organization's informal, unwritten rules that guide individual behavior. a. Norms b. Values c. Policies d. Artifacts e. Beliefs

a. Norms

9. __________ primaries weaken parties more because it allows voters to float between parties rather than require the voters to participate in the party in which they are registered. a. Open b. Caucus c. Presidential d. Congressional e. Closed

a. Open

31. _____ jurisdiction refers to the authority of a court to hear a case before any other court hears the case. a. Original b. Appellate c. Formal d. Procedural e. Trial

a. Original

16. The separate-but-equal doctrine was first instituted in which court case? a. Plessy v. Ferguson b. Brown v. Board of Education c. Roe v. Wade d. Sweatt v. Painter e. Sullivan v. New York Times

a. Plessy v. Ferguson

22. Which of the following statements is correct with respect to school prayer? a. Public schools must open their doors to after-school religious activities on the same basis as other after-school programs. b. Prayers in public school assemblies that mention only "God" but no specific religion's deity can be upheld as constitutional. c. Nonsectarian prayers at official public school graduations are permissible under the Constitution. d. Prayers at public high school football games are permissible so long as the prayers are organized and led by students. e. A prayer written on a public school auditorium wall, but not recited by students or faculty, is permitted under the First Amendment.

a. Public schools must open their doors to after-school religious activities on the same basis as other after-school programs.

59. Within eight months of the _________ Supreme Court decision, more than two dozen constitutional amendments had been introduced in Congress, although none passed. a. Roe v. Wade b. Brown v. Board of Education c. Marbury v. Madison d. Bush v. Gore e. None of these choices is true.

a. Roe v. Wade

17. Which of the following statements is NOT true concerning the 2016 Republican presidential nomination? a. Rubio was considered a favorite after winning his home state of Florida. b. Two different candidates won the first three contests. c. After the first two contests, only six major candidates remained. d. Trump won decisively in New Hampshire. e. There were initially seventeen hopefuls for the Republican presidential nomination.

a. Rubio was considered a favorite after winning his home state of Florida.

6. The case of Marbury v. Madison was based on which of these questions? a. Should Congress or the Constitution prevail? b. Should state's rights be considered over federal rights? c. Should the federal government be allowed to tax property? d. What are the components of the court system? e. What is the reason for governmental control?

a. Should Congress or the Constitution prevail?

18. Each of the following statements concerning executive orders is true, EXCEPT? a. They are rarely issued by presidents. b. They carry the force of law. c. They can create or modify laws without the direct approval of Congress. d. The Constitution does not explicitly grant the president the power to issue such orders. e. They are issued for a wide variety of purposes.

a. They are rarely issued by presidents.

3. Which of the following is true about election campaigns? a. They have evolved to being candidate centered. b. They have evolved to being party centered. c. They chiefly rely on neighborhood canvassing.d. They consult party headquarters to determine party strategy. e. They learn about voters' interests by asking the party.

a. They have evolved to being candidate centered.

18. Almost all members of Congress use social media for personal or campaign use. __________ even published a handbook for politicians. a. Twitter b. Facebook c. Snapchat d. Myspace e. Instagram

a. Twitter

64. Which of the following is NOT one of the four principles of responsible party government? a. Voters should choose candidates on the basis of ideological alignment. b. Parties should present clear and coherent programs to voters. c. Voters should choose candidates on the basis of party programs. d. The winning party should carry out its program once in office. e. Voters should hold the governing party responsible in the next election for executing the program.

a. Voters should choose candidates on the basis of ideological alignment.

43. The Equal Pay Act was introduced after _____ when women had joined the workforce in significant numbers. a. WWII b. the Vietnam War c. the Civil Ward. the Great Depression e. the New Deal

a. WWII

40. The legal powers of bureaucratic agencies derive from... a. a congressional grant of authority. b. tradition. c. a constitutional mandate. d. delegation from the president. e. implied powers.

a. a congressional grant of authority.

14. In the early days of America, the president was chosen by... a. a group of political elites in the Electoral College. b. the state legislatures directly. c. the Supreme Court. d. Congress. e. a vote of the people requiring a simple plurality.

a. a group of political elites in the Electoral College.

56. The most common background experience among recent Supreme Court nominees is judicial experience, and this can be explained by the fact that... a. a judge's previous opinions serve as good predictors of his or her future opinions on the High Court. b. all Senators confirming or rejecting nominees are lawyers. c. a Supreme Court justice must have passed the bar exam. d. all Senators confirming or rejecting nominees are lawyers and a Supreme Court justice must have passed the bar exam. e. legal education is a formal requirement for all judicial positions in the US.

a. a judge's previous opinions serve as good predictors of his or her future opinions on the High Court.

7. Government regulation of business in the U.S. has grown in response to the realization that... a. a laissez-faire approach does not always result in competitive markets. b. business cannot be trusted to seek profits. c. members of the public deserve a say in everything that affects them. d. American competitiveness requires a government role in business. e. government study of business practices will increase government efficiency.

a. a laissez-faire approach does not always result in competitive markets.

49. In the discipline of political science, party identification refers to... a. a sense of psychological attachment to a party. b. one's voting record. c. the simple majority needed to cast a vote. d. ability to discuss the platforms of a number of political parties that one admires. e. the political organization that opposes a person's beliefs.

a. a sense of psychological attachment to a party.

51. The White House is willing to work with interest groups because they are... a. able to mobilize their constituents to contact members of Congress. b. a resource Congress tends to ignore. c. able to access financial resources that could be helpful to the president. d. numerous. e. too powerful to be ignored.

a. able to mobilize their constituents to contact members of Congress.

39. The latitude that Congress gives agencies to make policy in the spirit of their legislative mandate is called... a. administrative discretion. b. administrative bloat. c. inter-agency cooperation. d. civil service. e. congressional commission.

a. administrative discretion.

9. Every two years, how many of the 435 House seats are up for reelection at the same time? a. all b. one-third c. two-thirds d. three-fourths e. one-half

a. all

21. By national law, _________ of the seats in the House of Representatives and ____ of the seats in the Senateare filled in a general election held every even-numbered year. a. all; one-third b. one-third; one-third c. all; all d. one-third; all e. one-half; two-thirds

a. all; one-third

32. Most cases reach the U.S. Supreme Court through________ jurisdiction. a. appellate b. concurrent c. original d. secondary e. primary

a. appellate

12. Which of the following powers is the exclusive power of the Senate? a. approve treaties b. charge impeachment c. redistrict d. originate revenue bills e. pocket veto

a. approve treaties

56. Some negative ads also promote the positive qualities of the other candidate; however, there are negative ads that advocate nothing positive. These are called ____ ads. a. attack b. advocacy c. incumbent d. partisan e. contract

a. attack

17. In an early NAACP challenge to segregation, Lloyd Gaines sued the state of Missouri after it... a. attempted to pay his tuition to another school outside of the state. b. rented a few rooms in an office building and hired two black lawyers and called this its state law school for blacks. c. required him to sit in the hallway and listen while white students attended lectures. d. called out the Missouri National Guard to forcibly evict him from its law school campus. e. banned him from the University of Missouri law school cafeteria and required him to use its library facilities only after hours.

a. attempted to pay his tuition to another school outside of the state.

13. During the Obama administration, the Dodd-Frank Act was put in place to protect the nation's _____ from possible failure during the economic downturn. a. banks b. universities c. hospitals d. government e. police

a. banks

28. The Twenty-fourth Amendment, ratified in 1964... a. banned poll taxes in primary and general elections for national office. b. empowered the attorney general to register potential voters. c. gave women the right to vote. d. banned racial discrimination in the rental and sale of most housing. e. gave state courts the lawful refusal to follow a Supreme Court order.

a. banned poll taxes in primary and general elections for national office.

48. Proportional representation tends to... a. base election results on the winner-take-all approach. b. award office to the single candidate who wins the most votes. c. only be used in the United States. d. forces interest groups to work within the two major parties. e. perpetuate several political parties.

a. base election results on the winner-take-all approach.

45. A(n)_________ is a law that declares a person guilty without the benefit of trial. a. bill of attainder b. selective incorporation c. ex post facto law d. prior restraint action e. lemon test

a. bill of attainder

54. What tool allows a senator to reject the nomination of a federal judge? a. blue slip b. pink slip c. mandate d. pocket veto e. amicus brief

a. blue slip

5. The powers of the president as outlined in the Constitution are... a. briefly stated and comparatively vague. b. extensively and specifically described. c. more elaborately described than the powers of Congress. d. specific enough to avoid disagreement over their extent. e. very similar to the powers of a parliamentary executive.

a. briefly stated and comparatively vague.

54. Bureaucracies are often influenced in their policy options by the prevailing customs of the people working for them. For example, the Army Corps of Engineers tends to protect citizens from floods by... a. building dams. b. building bridges. c. updating decaying infrastructure. d. moving endangered structures to higher ground. e. fighting global warming.

a. building dams.

13. An example of a citizen using "contacting behavior" is... a. calling the county animal control office to remove a raccoon from a window well. b. reciting the Pledge of Allegiance. c. pressuring an alderman to vote against an increase in school taxes. d. flying the American flag on July 4th. e. standing during a parade when the American flag passes by.

a. calling the county animal control office to remove a raccoon from a window well.

4. Powers and privileges guaranteed to the individual and protected against arbitrary removal at the hands of the government or other individuals are best defined as... a. civil rights. b. human rights. c. civil liberties. d. negative liberties. e. inalienable rights.

a. civil rights.

18. A legal action brought by a person or group on behalf of a number of people in similar circumstances is also known as a(n)... a. class action suit. b. initiative. c. supportive behavior. d. public act. e. referendum.

a. class action suit.

58. Two of the main challenges to the implementation of effective policy are... a. complexity of issues and government capacity. b. complexity of issues and stubbornness of stakeholder in a policy arena. c. government capacity and conflicting preferences of stakeholders in a policy arena. d. lack of funds and lack of resources. e. lack of funds and lack of motivation.

a. complexity of issues and government capacity.

45. The airline industry claimed that the new Department of Transportation rules limiting passenger tarmac waits on. a plane would... a. create longer delays. b. result in greater passenger satisfaction. c. force airlines to hire more personnel. d. reduce flight safety. e. cause strikes and other labor disruptions.

a. create longer delays.

37. Committees can "punish" an agency by... a. cutting its budget. b. deflecting interest to another issue. c. confirming a nominee to a top agency post. d. implementing one of the agency's programs. e. asking for a pocket veto.

a. cutting its budget.

34. In recent years, morale of government employees has... a. declined, in part because workers see no chance to move up. b. increased because of a sense of mission associated with the war on terror. c. no longer been measured because of budget cuts in the Inspector General's office. d. remained consistently high, in spite of additional pressure placed on employees. e. remained consistently low due to the public's disdain for bureaucrats.

a. declined, in part because workers see no chance to move up.

2. George Mason and others believed that omitting the Bill of Rights would... a. deter many states from adopting the Constitution. b. ease the adoption of the Constitution. c. make women less likely to support the Constitution. d. make the Constitution a stronger document. e. included too much delegation of power to the states.

a. deter many states from adopting the Constitution.

9. States are now obligated to protect most provisions of the Bill of Rights as a result of the Supreme Court's interpretation of the Fourteenth Amendment's ___________ clause. a. due process b. state's rights c. equal protection d. free exercise e. privacy

a. due process

53. In 2013, in response to their frustration with minority filibusters, Senate Democrats decided to... a. eliminate filibusters for confirmation of presidential nominees other than Supreme Court justices. b. invoke "perpetual cloture," ending the possibility of filibusters. c. to split appointments 50/50 among Republicans and Democrats. d. end legislative recesses until Republicans agreed to limit filibusters. e. change Senate committee structures so that Republicans would be less represented and would lose influence.

a. eliminate filibusters for confirmation of presidential nominees other than Supreme Court justices.

24. Typically, when Congress believes the executive branch has accumulated too much power, their response is to... a. enact legislation to reassert congressional authority. b. impeach the president. c. file a lawsuit. d. request that the Supreme Court take action to declare the president's actions unconstitutional. e. mount a campaign to have the president recalled by citizens.

a. enact legislation to reassert congressional authority.

15. When President Dwight Eisenhower ordered the Arkansas National Guard into service to enforce court orders to desegregate schools, it was an example of a. executive orders. b. political mandate. c. gerrymandering. d. filibustering. e. cloture.

a. executive orders.

30. In the 2004 presidential election, one of Minnesota's ten electors voted for vice presidential candidate John Edwards for president instead of presidential candidate John Kerry. This is known as a(n)... a. faithless elector. b. illegal elector. c. secret elector. d. state's rights elector. e. popular elector.

a. faithless elector.

38. To enter the federal court system, litigants in state cases must... a. first have had their case decided by the highest court in the state. b. present a valid constitutional question to be decided by the justices. c. simply pay the required fee and file appropriate paperwork. d. have a case to which the federal government is a party. e. argue before and be approved by a special master.

a. first have had their case decided by the highest court in the state.

40. A president typically receives the highest approval ratings during the... a. first year in office. b. last year in office. c. political campaign leading up to the election. d. State of the Union address. e. inauguration ceremony.

a. first year in office.

29. Whether or not the Supreme Court should permit flag burning as a form of political protest can be seen as a tradeoff between... a. freedom and order. b. freedom and equality. c. equality and order. d. freedom and pluralism. e. majoritarianism and order.

a. freedom and order.

17. Collectively, the Supreme Court has ruled that religion reflects the idea that ____________ is unlimited, but____________ is not. a. freedom to believe; freedom to practice b. freedom to practice; freedom to believe c. freedom to establish; freedom to believe d. freedom to practice; freedom to establish e. freedom to believe; freedom to establish

a. freedom to believe; freedom to practice

6. In Palko v. Connecticut, the Supreme Court ruled that Frank Palko's Fifth Amendment protection against double jeopardy was not a(n) _________ right the state of Connecticut had to follow. a. fundamental b. privacy c. concurrent d. dual e. explicit

a. fundamental

1. Abigail Fisher sued the University of Texas-Austin because she argued that using _____ in university admissions violates the equal protection clause. The Supreme Court heard her case in 2012. a. gender b. race c. GPA d. wealth e. religion

a. gender

40. Which of the following is NOT included in the responsibilities of the Federal Election Commission (FEC)? a. guaranteeing rough equality in fundraising between Republicans and Democrats b. administering public financing of presidential campaigns c. requiring full disclosure of campaign spending d. enforcing limits on contributions to federal campaigns e. ensuring that the FEC has at most three members from the same party

a. guaranteeing rough equality in fundraising between Republicans and Democrats

31. President Lyndon Johnson considered civil rights legislation... a. his top priority. b. something he must work on in remembrance of John Kennedy, who introduced civil rights legislation. c. unrealistic.d. unimportant compared to his other legislative initiatives. e. something that the legislature should work on but not the president.

a. his top priority.

16. In 2006, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that President Bush's unilaterally established military commissions to try alleged enemy combatants being held at Guantanamo Bay, were... a. illegal. b. based on a congressional delegation of power. c. based on an explicit constitutional grant of power. d. legal based on Article II of the Constitution. e. legal because Congress issued a declaration of war.

a. illegal.

16. In addition to offering an explanation for high reelection rates, gerrymandering might also contribute to... a. increasing polarization. b. decreasing polarization. c. the coattail effect. d. Congressional high approval ratings. e. low levels of cooperation between the House and the Senate.

a. increasing polarization.

17. The CIA is a good example of a federal... a. independent agency. b. regulatory commission. c. government corporation. d. cabinet department. e. planning commission.

a. independent agency.

34. In response to the firestorm that erupted in Ferguson, Missouri, after police officer Darren Wilson shot and killedMichael Brown, the Justice Department... a. investigated and exonerated Darren Wilson, but found invidious discrimination in the police department and municipal court, reaching an agreement with city officials to reform the police force. b. reinvestigated officer Darren Wilson and, unlike the grand jury, found him guilty of manslaughter. c. investigated the city of Ferguson, and arrested many policy officers and municipal court officials, citing violations of the Civil War amendments and various federal laws. d. did nothing. e. established a series of required reforms for the police department so that officers, including Darren Wilson, would avoid prosecution for hate crimes.

a. investigated and exonerated Darren Wilson, but found invidious discrimination in the police department and municipal court, reaching an agreement with city officials to reform the police force.

4. Discrimination against persons or groups that is harmful and is based on animus is called __________ discrimination. a. invidious b. reverse c. benign d. civil e. criminal

a. invidious

61. Candidates' attributes are especially important to voters who... a. lack good information about a candidate's past performance. b. typically vote for incumbent candidates. c. base their vote on party loyalty. d. lack the time to do research on a candidate. e. lack party identification.

a. lack good information about a candidate's past performance.

40. In 2014, voters approved a number of ballot propositions, including ones in Alaska, Oregon, and Washington that... a. legalized recreational marijuana. b. banned same-sex marriage. c. restricted sales of large soft drinks and other unhealthy products. d. limited the number of immigrants into the state. e. restricted sales of assault-style rifles.

a. legalized recreational marijuana.

50. When the Senate votes to invoke cloture, it a. limits the amount of time that may be spent debating a bill. b. means a bill must either pass or fail without any amendments. c. sends a bill back to its originating committee for amendment. d. forwards a bill to a conference committee so that differences between the House and Senate versions may be worked out. e. will result in a bill's failure.

a. limits the amount of time that may be spent debating a bill.

37. A president's obsessive concern with public opinion can be labeled as a way to advance ____ democracy. a. majoritarian b. pluralist c. communitarian d. liberal e. libertarian

a. majoritarian

44. Some scholars say that legal doctrines and previous decisions are two factors that explain how justices decide to vote. This explanation is consistent with the _____ model of democracy. a. majoritarian b. pluralist c. libertarian d. communitarian e. liberal

a. majoritarian

47. The most powerful person in the Senate is the... a. majority leader. b. majority whip. c. vice president. d. president pro tempor e. sergeant-at-arms.

a. majority leader.

57. The practice of senatorial courtesy forces presidents to share the nomination power with the... a. members of the Senate. b. nominees home state. c. all of Congress. d. the Cabinet. e. voting public.

a. members of the Senate.

30. The central feature of the civil service system is... a. merit-based, nonpolitical employment and promotion. b. the fitting of job openings to agencies' needs. c. the development of elaborate job classifications. d. the separation of political and nonpolitical positions. e. a non punitive, competitive promotion system.

a. merit-based, nonpolitical employment and promotion.

64. In the text the authors assert that the majority of voters are ideologically more ________ than the voting records of members of Congress would indicate. a. moderate b. liberal c. conservative d. libertarian e. inflexible

a. moderate

12. A(n) _____ open primary allows independent voters to vote in a party's primary. a. modified b. polarized c. partisan d. partial e. officiated

a. modified

51. Psychological explanations of turnout suggest that voting will rise if... a. more Americans believe that government is responsive. b. party identification increases among the electorate. c. educational levels rise. d. a major war begins. e. satisfaction with government policies declines.

a. more Americans believe that government is responsive.

19. Researchers have found that political apathy is _________ in the United States compared to almost all other nations. a. much lower b. slightly lower c. about the same d. slightly higher e. much higher

a. much lower

16. Compared to a person in Western Europe, an American is ___________ to say religion is very important in their lives. a. much more likely b. slightly more likely c. about equally likely d. slightly less likely e. much less likely

a. much more likely

2. The four most important functions of a political party are structuring the voting choice in elections, proposing alternative government programs, coordinating the actions of government officials and... a. nominating candidates for election to public office. b. engineering federal budget proposals. c. organizing partisan protests. d. acting as a link between federal and state government. e. introducing legislation to Congress.

a. nominating candidates for election to public office.

63. Most democracies outside the United States have a(n)... a. parliamentary system. b. executive-legislative system. c. congressional system. d. constitutional monarchy. e. legislative oversight system.

a. parliamentary system.

36. The bureaucracy may not be fully responsive to a president's wishes because... a. pluralist pressures may pull the agency in a direction other than that favored by the president. b. the agency head may dislike the president. c. the president may make unreasonable demands on the agency. d. the role of government is to protect the people from the power used by elected officials. e. Congress funds most agencies.

a. pluralist pressures may pull the agency in a direction other than that favored by the president.

5. The key feature of the Great Compromise was its provision for... a. population-based representation for states in the House and equal representation for states in the Senate. b. equal representation for all states in both houses. c. proportional representation based on electoral votes in the Senate and equal representation in the House. d. population-based representation in both legislative bodies. e. election of senators by state legislatures.

a. population-based representation for states in the House and equal representation for states in the Senate.

16. Which of the following is not a component of judicial review? a. power of the courts to enact legislation in response to public demand b. power of the courts to declare national, state, and local laws invalid if they violate the Constitution c. supremacy of national laws or treaties when they conflict with state laws d. role of the Supreme Court as the final authority on the meaning of the Constitution e. supremacy of national laws or treaties when they conflict with local laws

a. power of the courts to enact legislation in response to public demand

28. When judges rely on a previous judicial ruling as the basis for ruling in another case, that judge is using a(n)... a. precedent. b. mandate. c. opinion. d. referenda. e. initiative.

a. precedent.

26. In Smith v. Allwright, the Supreme Court found _________ is(are) unconstitutional. a. preventing blacks from voting in primary elections b. state poll taxes c. redrawing district lines prior to an election d. property requirements for voting e. prohibiting women from voting

a. preventing blacks from voting in primary elections

14. The establishment clause of the First Amendment... a. prohibits government from sponsoring or supporting religious activity. b. establishes Protestantism as the official religion of the United States. c. prevents the government from interfering with the exercise of religion. d. forbids the establishment of restrictions on free speech. e. keeps Congress from making other amendments official without a Supreme Court ruling.

a. prohibits government from sponsoring or supporting religious activity.

32. Which of the qualifications for voting was virtually eliminated in all states by the 1850s? a. property ownership b. age c. race d. gender e. literacy requirement

a. property ownership

35. At the heart of laws that "sheltered women from life's harsh realities", such as voting, was the notion of... a. protectionism. b. pure democracy. c. nationalism. d. deprivation. e. isolationism.

a. protectionism.

57. According to the text, with respect to political participation, "_________ is the great equalizer,..." a. protest b. voting c. contacting political elites d. education e. political party activism

a. protest

7. A(n) ___________ requires that a specified proportional share of some benefit go to a given group. a. quota b. goal c. equality of opportunity d. equality of outcome e. anti-discrimination law

a. quota

1. During the 2016 San Bernardino terrorist attack investigation, Apple CEO Timothy Cook refused to cooperate and override the iPhone's security features at the FBI's request because he... a. reasoned that such a hack could open up all iPhones to potential security vulnerabilities. b. believed that the FBI was overstepping its constitutional authority. c. reasoned that the FBI should be able to continue its investigation without Apple's direct help. d. believed that there was no longer an imminent threat to people so that the FBI request was unreasonable. e. did not believe that the case was important enough to get involved in.

a. reasoned that such a hack could open up all iPhones to potential security vulnerabilities.

14. Homer Plessy attempted to challenge Louisiana's racial segregation policies by... a. refusing to move from a "whites-only" Louisiana train car. b. sitting in at a "whites-only" restaurant. c. refusing to sit at the back of a New Orleans streetcar. d. sitting on the ground floor of a public theater, instead of in the balcony. e. sending his daughter for treatment to a superior "whites-only" hospital.

a. refusing to move from a "whites-only" Louisiana train car.

43. Rules that guide the operation of government programs are termed... a. regulations. b. mandates c. ordinances. d. advisories. e. referenda.

a. regulations.

18. Agencies of the executive branch of government that control or direct some aspect of the economy are called... a. regulatory commissions. b. independent agencies. c. cabinets. d. departments. e. government corporations.

a. regulatory commissions.

65. According to the four principles of _____ party government, parties should present clear and coherent programs to voters. These principles outline the ideal role of parties in a majoritarian democracy. a. responsible b. partisan c. machine d. primary e. democratic

a. responsible

1. The initial concept for the presidency at the Constitutional Convention was an executive... a. selected by Congress for a seven-year term and ineligible for reelection. b. voted for directly by the people every three years. c. selected by the Supreme Court for a four-year term and ineligible for reelection. d. selected by a vote of the nation's governors every four years. e. selected by the House of Representatives every 2 years.

a. selected by Congress for a seven-year term and ineligible for reelection.

51. In today's Congress, the mere threat of a Senate filibuster is extremely common, which means that a bill often needs the support of _____ instead of a simple majority in order to pass. a. sixty senators b. the president c. a plurality vote of the Senate d. all Senate Committee Chairs e. the majority whip

a. sixty senators

45. The view that judges should generally defer to the decisions of elected officials in their decisions is known as... a. stare decisis. b. judicial restraint. c. amicus curiae. 'd. solicitation. e. judicial activism.

a. stare decisis.

37. Today, versions of protectionism are most evident in... a. state laws that are meant to deter women from having abortions even though the procedure is legal. b. laws that limit the number of hours a week women can work. c. state laws that prohibit women from working in "toxic" environments. d. laws that limit the number of pounds women can lift in their jobs. e. wage-equality laws.

a. state laws that are meant to deter women from having abortions even though the procedure is legal.

4. In the governments of modern societies, bureaucracies... a. still play a central role. b. are undergoing a slow decline in their importance and usefulness. c. continue to see their budgets generally expand, even in the face of public criticism. d. disproportionately consist of women. e. are only found within state government.

a. still play a central role.

27. The term Solid South refers to the... a. strength of the old Confederacy. b. South's habit of consistently voting for the eventual winner in presidential elections. c. South's consistent Democratic voting record for much of the twentieth century. d. South's consistent Republican voting record for much of the twentieth century. e. dominance of the agricultural issue in the South.

a. strength of the old Confederacy.

63. A person who says "The courts should adhere to the letter of the law and judges must refrain from injecting their own values into their decisions" is a... a. supporter of the majoritarian model of democracy. b. supporter of the pluralist model of democracy. c. supporter of the elite theory. d. structuralist. e. libertarian.

a. supporter of the majoritarian model of democracy.

3. Although terrorism is an unconventional political action, it is generally not counted as unconventional political participation because... a. terrorists do not seek to influence government but to destroy it. b. the acceptability of terrorism varies from culture to culture. c. terrorism uses fear, not persuasion, as its primary tactic. d. terrorist acts generally concern international politics, not domestic disputes. e. terrorism does not use the established institutions of representative government

a. terrorists do not seek to influence government but to destroy it.

56. All of the following events are examples of positive steps in the difficult relationship between the U.S.government and Native Americans EXCEPT... a. the 1969 militant action in which American Indians seized Alcatraz Island. b. the 1946 establishment of an Indian claims commission by Congress. c. the 1980 Supreme Court order for the national government to pay the Sioux for the Black Hills of NorthDakota. d. the special status of American Indians which allows them to institute casino gambling on tribal lands, as long as profits are used to benefit Indian assistance programs. e. the 1973 government reexamination of the treaty rights of the Oglala Sioux.

a. the 1969 militant action in which American Indians seized Alcatraz Island.

41. Congress has a tendency to grant _________ discretion to those agencies involved in domestic and global security. a. the broadest range of b. very little c. no d. statutory, but not administrative e. administrative, but not statutory

a. the broadest range of

49. According to psychological explanations, voter turnout in the United States is not likely to increase until... a. the government does something to restore people's faith in the effectiveness of voting. b. governmental corruption is completely eliminated. c. people's voices are heard over the noise of government corruption. d. the old political establishment is replaced. e. the Electoral College is replaced.

a. the government does something to restore people's faith in the effectiveness of voting.

53. The main conduit for communication between the President and Congress is(are)... a. the legislative liaison staff. b. friendly lobbyists. c. journalists trading information in their attempt to find out what is likely to happen on legislation. d. the president's chief of staff. e. staff from the offices of the Speaker of the House and the Majority Leader of the Senate.

a. the legislative liaison staff.

25. According to the text, in addition to the courts, what else has been instrumental in advancing the civil rights ofAfrican Americans?a. the legislature b. U.S. voters c. big business d. political activists e. PACs

a. the legislature

7. When adopted, the Bill of Rights imposed limits on _________, but not on... a. the national government; state governments. b. state governments; the national government. c. state governments; individuals. d. individuals; state governments. e. individuals; the national government.

a. the national government; state governments.

58. The major criticism of the dissenting justices in Roe v. Wade was that... a. the other justices were writing their own policy preferences into law. b. the Constitution clearly bans the procedure under question. c. the Court did not hear sufficient testimony before reaching its decision. d. the case should have been dismissed as moot. e. the law as applied was too narrow to fit any other precedent.

a. the other justices were writing their own policy preferences into law.

28. Patronage is described as... a. the practice of filling government jobs with political allies or cronies. b. the practice of appointing a certain percentage of the national bureaucracy. c. maintaining a service that the private sector does not have enough financial incentive to do. d. maintaining the safety of products for the public.e. the tendency for big government to endure over the long term.

a. the practice of filling government jobs with political allies or cronies.

19. When no incumbent in the White House is seeking reelection... a. the presidential nominating process becomes contested in both parties. b. the incumbent usually encounter little opposition from within the party. c. the party committees choose their party's nominee. d. the presidential nominating process becomes uncontested in both parties. e. the early primaries do not matter.

a. the presidential nominating process becomes contested in both parties.

27. The free-expression clauses reflect the... a. the press and speech clauses of the First Amendment. b. the Emancipation Proclamation. c. women's right to vote of the Nineteenth Amendment. d. the silence clause of the Fifth Amendment. e. the Civil Rights Act.

a. the press and speech clauses of the First Amendment.

42. The Second Amendment of the Constitution refers to... a. the right to bear arms. b. a ban on cruel and unusual punishment. c. the right to be free from unreasonable searches and seizures. d. a right not to be tried twice for the same offense. e. the right for citizens not to have soldiers quartered within their houses.

a. the right to bear arms.

17. When it was first ratified, the Constitution provided that the vice president would be... a. the runner-up in the electoral college. b. chosen by the president after the election. c. chosen by the president to run on his/her presidential ticket before the election. d. the oldest member of the Senate. e. chosen by the Supreme Court.

a. the runner-up in the electoral college.

17. Criminal offenses such as arson, theft, and murder are almost always the sole responsibility of which entity? a. the state b. the federal system c. the appellate system d. the district or local level e. both the local and federal system equally

a. the state

52. The Supreme Court decision United States v. Leon established the good faith exception which allowed... a. the state to introduce evidence at trial if that evidence was seized on the basis of a mistakenly issued search warrant. b. the state to exempt a person from punishment for a crime if that person did not understand that his or her action was criminal. c. individuals to publish any material they wish, as long as they believe that material to be factually correct. d. people to be excused from jury duty if they can demonstrate that they have given their best effort in performing other civic duties. e. a mistake in securing evidence to be considered neutrally by a jury.

a. the state to introduce evidence at trial if that evidence was seized on the basis of a mistakenly issued search warrant.

61. Since agencies reflect their incumbent's philosophy, when a Democrat controls the White House... a. there is sure to be a more forceful stance toward regulation. b. there is sure to be a more forceful withdrawal of regulation. c. we do not know what will happen, as there is no link between political affiliation and stance on regulation. d. (s) he is more likely to issue regulations on health issues, while a Republican is more likely to issue regulations concerning food safety issues. e. (s) he is more likely to issue regulations on food safety issues, while a Republican is more likely to issue regulations concerning health issues.

a. there is sure to be a more forceful stance toward regulation.

38. One recent criticism of referenda and initiatives is that... a. they create an expensive "industry" designed around circulating petitions and spending millions. b. citizens cannot exercise great power over government policy through these mechanisms. c. controversial ballot measures tend to lower voter turnout. d. voters increasingly tend to reject all ballot measures. e. voters are not able to express discontent with political policies.

a. they create an expensive "industry" designed around circulating petitions and spending millions.

6. Each state has __________ senators. a. two b. three c. four d. five e. ten

a. two

22. The Constitution involves the president in the policymaking process through.. a. veto power and the role as commander in chief. b. veto power and the role as the administrative head. c. appointment power and the role as commander in chief. d. veto power and appointment power. e. appointment power and the role as the administrative head.

a. veto power and the role as commander in chief.

33. A voter who voted for a Republican for senator and Hillary Clinton for president in 2016 a. voted a split ticket. b. voted a straight ticket. c. exhibited the first-past-the-post phenomenon. d. voted in an open election. e. caused Congress and the president to be unable to reach compromise.

a. voted a split ticket.

2. What is the main way in which citizens control government? a. voting in free elections to choose leaders b. donating money to electoral campaigns c. cooperating with the media to engage in agenda-setting d. donating money to political parties e. joining interest groups

a. voting in free elections to choose leaders

28. Compared with other nations in the world in granting suffrage to women, the United States... a. was among the first. b. ranked about in the middle. c. lagged far behind. d. was unique in extending that right without being pressured to do so. e. was more selective in which women were extended the right.

a. was among the first.

14. According to Alexander Hamilton in Federalist No. 78, the power of judicial review... a. was an essential barrier to legislative oppression. b. violates the principle of checks and balances.c. is inconsistent with the Constitution.d. is inherently antidemocratic.e. implies the ability of the Supreme Court to usurp the power of other branches.

a. was an essential barrier to legislative oppression.

57. In 2015, the Republican Speaker of the House of Representatives, John Boehner, abruptly quit as speaker and retired from Congress. He did this because he... a. was frustrated by the lack of loyalty from the warring factions of the Republican Party. b. was involved in a sex scandal. c. was diagnosed with an illness. d. was frustrated by the party's choice of candidate for the presidential election. e. wanted to use his last chance to appoint his successor

a. was frustrated by the lack of loyalty from the warring factions of the Republican Party.

35. A candidate for political office faces two important structural factors when planning a campaign: the office the candidate is seeking and a. whether he or she is the incumbent or the challenger. b. the available funds needed to conduct the campaign. c. the current majority political party. d. how many other candidates are seeking office. e. the size of the Electoral College.

a. whether he or she is the incumbent or the challenger.

28. Since the present two-party system was established, how many minor-party candidates have been elected to the presidency? a. zero b. one c. two d. three e. four

a. zero

28. The 1993 Shaw v. Reno decision held that a congressional district in North Carolina was an example of... a. "best practices" redistricting. b. "political apartheid." c. legal racial gerrymandering. d. a political decision that was an inappropriate area of court interference. e. a matter best left to the states.

b. "political apartheid."

42. The current limit for individual contributions to a candidate in an election, as of 2015-2016, is a. $1,000. b. $2,700. c. $5,000. d. $10,000. e. not set by law.

b. $2,700.

9. Since the U.S. Constitution was ratified, the Supreme Court has used judicial review to invalidate about _______ national laws. a. 50 b. 180 c. 500 d. 1,200 e. 3,400

b. 180

37. About how many requests for review does the U.S. Supreme Court receive each year? a. 1,500 b. 9,000 c. 4,000 d. 400 e. 12,500

b. 9,000

10. _________ is a mechanism provided by the Constitution that can be used to overturn a Supreme Court decision. a. Congressional nullification b. A constitutional amendment c. Presidential veto d. A national referendum e. Judicial impeachment

b. A constitutional amendment

21. Which president asked, after being challenged on his aggressive expansion of presidential power, "Was it possible to lose the nation and yet preserve the Constitution?" a. Andrew Jackson b. Abraham Lincoln c. Theodore Roosevelt d. Lyndon Johnson e. George W. Bush

b. Abraham Lincoln

34. In both a recent Gallup survey of the American public, and in a recent C-SPAN survey of fifty-eight professional observers of the presidency, President _________ was ranked as the greatest. a. George Washington b. Abraham Lincoln c. Theodore Roosevelt d. Franklin D. Roosevelt e. Ronald Reagan

b. Abraham Lincoln

14. __________ created new bureaucracies to administer new programs for health care (Affordable Care Act) and oversight of the financial services industry (Dodd-Frank Act). a. Franklin D. Roosevelt b. Barack Obama c. George W. Bush d. Bill Clinton e. John F. Kennedy

b. Barack Obama

43. ________ is described as a situation in which government is incapable of acting on important issues. a. Partisanship b. Gridlock c. Franking d. Polarization e. Fundamentalism

b. Gridlock

10. How did Barack Obama use vetoes during his term of office? a. He never used the veto. b. He issued a total of nine vetoes through 2016. c. He issued a total of thirty-one vetoes. d. He asked for a constitutional amendment suspending vetoes. e. He issued five pocket vetoes only.

b. He issued a total of nine vetoes through 2016.

60. Given current demographic trends, which groups will become increasingly important in the nation's political system? a. African Americans b. Hispanics c. Native Americans d. Asians e. Whites

b. Hispanics

33. A key difference between the House and the Senate concerning bill procedures is the... a. Senate Appropriations Committee. b. House Rules Committee. c. Senate Ways and Means Committee. d. pre filed bill requirement in the Senate. e. House floor procedure

b. House Rules Committee.

8. How did the decision in Marbury v. Madison affect the power of the Supreme Court? a. It reduced the power of the Court tenfold. b. It potentially expanded the power of the Court to equal or exceed the power of other branches of government. c. It made the Court as powerful as Congress. d. It helped the Supreme Court super cede the power of all states and local courts. e. It did not have any affect on the power of the Court because the Constitution is the final law.

b. It potentially expanded the power of the Court to equal or exceed the power of other branches of government.

39. What is the historical timeframe of the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA)? a. It became law in 1923. b. It was proposed in 1923, came out of Congress in 1972, and died in 1982 just three states short of adoption. c. It came out of Congress in 1945 and, after an unprecedented action by Congress, which extended the ratification deadline, became law in 1972. d. It was proposed in 1923, but never made it out of Congress. e. It became law in 2012.

b. It was proposed in 1923, came out of Congress in 1972, and died in 1982 just three states short of adoption.

17. Citizen mobilization to stop construction of a nuclear waste facility near their homes would be an example of the_________ phenomenon. a. contacting b. NIMBY c. supportive d. class action e. unconventional political participation

b. NIMBY

27. The amendment granting women's suffrage is the... a. Eighteenth Amendment. b. Nineteenth Amendment. c. Twentieth Amendment. d. Twenty-first Amendment. e. Twenty-eighth Amendment.

b. Nineteenth Amendment.

57. Until 1965, all of the following groups were discriminated against in U.S. immigration law EXCEPT... a. Southern and Eastern Europeans. b. Northern and Western Europeans. c. Asians. d. Africans. e. Jews.

b. Northern and Western Europeans.

20. _______ instituted the secret NSA surveillance program revealed when Edward Snowden leaked stolen documents. a. Congress b. President Bush c. The Department of Defense d. President Obama e. The President's National Security Advisor

b. President Bush

37. The short-lived __________ Party nominated Robert La Follette of Wisconsin for the presidency in 1924, but carried only La Follette's home state and ceased to nominate candidates in 1925. a. Populist b. Reform c. Progressive d. Democratic Farmer-Labor (DFL) e. American Independence

b. Reform

47. The SpeechNow.org v. FEC decision legalized a. 527 groups. b. Super PACs. c. corporate spending advocating specific candidates. d. 501(c)4 social welfare organizations. e. Congressional election committees.

b. Super PACs.

40. Why did the women's suffrage movement aim at a constitutional amendment? a. State legislatures consistently opposed efforts to grant the right to vote to women. b. The Supreme Court ruled against efforts to apply the Fourteenth Amendment to women. c. Ordinary legislation that Congress had passed had proved ineffective.d. The experience of African Americans showed that only a constitutional amendment could quickly and effectively guarantee the right to vote.e. An amendment was perceived as the easiest path to equal rights.

b. The Supreme Court ruled against efforts to apply the Fourteenth Amendment to women.

8. The __________ Amendment abolished slavery. a. Fourteenth b. Thirteenth c. Eleventh d. Fifteenth e. Third

b. Thirteenth

30. Students demonstrating against the war in Iraq by wearing black armbands as a symbolic protest would probably be protected under which case ruling? a. Smith v. City of Chicago b. Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Co. School District c. Evanston v. Texas Independent School District # 83 d. Albert v. University of Sacramento e. Near v. Minnesota

b. Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Co. School District

43. The most visible form of congressional oversight is a. the franking privilege. b. a congressional hearing. c. mobilizing citizens to strike. d. the Supreme Court decisions. e. the pocket veto.

b. a congressional hearing.

20. Plea bargaining is the process by which... a. a defendant makes an emotional plea for mercy from the court. b. a defendant pleads guilty in exchange for a reduced sentence. c. jurors bargain among themselves to reach a verdict. d. civil cases involving large sums of money are settled out of court. e. the prosecuting attorney waives the jury process.

b. a defendant pleads guilty in exchange for a reduced sentence.

63. Government efforts to expand opportunities for women, minorities, and veterans are called... a. strict scrutiny. b. affirmative action. c. No Child Left Behind. d. the New Deal. e. social services.

b. affirmative action.

14. Since 1950, __________ of all House incumbents running for office have been reelected. a. approximately 50 percent b. approximately 90 percent c. 100 percent d. less than 50 percent e. approximately 80 percent

b. approximately 90 percent

35. Recent scholarly research demonstrates that energetic and well-planned efforts by presidents to influence public opinion... a. can move public responses to opinion polls by about ten percentage points. b. are likely to have little effect. c. are far more effective when they concern foreign policy than domestic policy. d. are far more effective when they concern domestic policy than foreign policy. e. only occurs during a president's first year in office.

b. are likely to have little effect.

21. With respect to social media, Representatives and Senators... a. are restricted by franking regulations as to what they can send. b. are limited by rules adopted by their respective chambers. c. are subject to legislatively-prescribed limits on the kinds of information they can convey. d. have no limits on what they can convey. e. are prohibited from communicating with their constituents through social media.

b. are limited by rules adopted by their respective chambers.

64. According to the Supreme Court in Bowers v. Hardwick, homosexual relations between consenting adults in the privacy of their own homes... a. are protected under the Bill of Rights. b. are not protected under the Constitution. c. cannot be regulated by state governments. d. may be regulated only by Congress. e. is a prohibited extension of search and seizure laws.

b. are not protected under the Constitution.

55. Research suggests that "negative ads" appear to... a. benefit incumbents more than challengers. b. benefit challengers more than incumbents. c. benefit no one. d. increase voter turnout. e. benefit third parties.

b. benefit challengers more than incumbents.

22. If a congressional staff member is asked to track down a missing Social Security check, that staff member is involved in... a. gerrymandering. b. casework. c. campaign finance. d. redistricting. e. apportionment.

b. casework.

19. The secretaries who head the departments in the executive branch also make up the a. majority whip. b. president's cabinet. c. standing committee.d. Supreme Court.e. stand-alone independent agencies.

b. president's cabinet.

12. A practical test of whether or not a government is democratic is whether... a. people can operate outside government institutions to influence policymaking. b. citizens can affect its policies by acting through its institutions. c. direct action is necessary for government to hear citizens' views. d. conventional political action consists largely of influencing behaviors and not supportive behaviors. e. there is only one political party.

b. citizens can affect its policies by acting through its institutions.

5. In modern elections, candidates _______________ to learn about voters' interests. a. consult local party officials b. commission public opinion polls c. canvass door-to-door noting reactions they receive d. rely on national party organizations e. depend on media coverage

b. commission public opinion polls

58. A(n) _____ campaign committee is an organization maintained by a political party to raise funds to support its own candidates in congressional elections. a. national b. congressional c. party d. partisan e. lobby

b. congressional

58. From the end of World War II until the late 1980s, the primary item on the foreign policy agenda of American presidents was... a. the Arab-Israeli and the broader Middle East conflict. b. containment of communism. c. Islamist extremism. d. cooperating with European powers to halt the spread of far right-wing hate groups. e. working toward trade arrangements with "the East."

b. containment of communism.

4. Relatively routine behaviors that use the established institutions of representative government such as voting in an election are called _____ participation. a. process b. conventional c. social d. gatekeeper e. formula

b. conventional

22. Racial segregation that is not the result of government action is called __________ segregation. a. de jure b. de facto c. uncoordinated d. res mensa e. geographic

b. de facto

7. The Constitution does not give the president power to... a. veto legislation. b. declare war. c. serve as administrative head of the nation. d. serve as commander in chief of the military. e. convene sessions of Congress.

b. declare war.

18. As of 2013, the volume of state court cases has... a. remained similar to previous decades. b. declined since its peak in 2008. c. increased. d. doubled in the last quarter-century. e. remained unchanged since the turn of the century.

b. declined since its peak in 2008.

52. Federal law that _____________ was struck down by the 2013 Supreme Court decision in United States v. Windsor. a. prohibited gays and lesbians from serving in the armed forces b. denied federal benefits to same-sex couples c. protected gays and lesbians against employment discrimination d. allowed gays to take leadership roles in the Boy Scouts e. permitted housing discrimination against gays and lesbians

b. denied federal benefits to same-sex couples

26. The term "electoral college" became known in the United States... a. from its description in the Constitution. b. during the twentieth century. c. through the Bill of Rights. d. when an amendment was passed creating the institution in 1974. e. after George Washington took office.

b. during the twentieth century.

47. In his inaugural address, Lyndon Johnson used the term justice rhetorically to refer to... a. fair court procedures. b. economic and social equality. c. halting communism in Southeast Asia. d. ensuring a minimal level of government involvement in day-to-day life. e. a hard-line criminal law stance.

b. economic and social equality.

11. According to Edmund Burke, the reason people unite in parties is to... a. get elected. b. enact a set of policies. c. control the government. d. acquire individual power with the help of others. e. protect the status quo.

b. enact a set of policies.

36. Approximately how many cases does the Supreme Court select each year as worthy of review? a. more than 500 b. fewer than 100 c. fewer than 50 d. more than 1,000 e. around 600

b. fewer than 100

48. A senator who wants to prevent a bill from coming up for a vote might decide to deliberate on the subject matter of the bill for hours since the Senate gives its members the right to unlimited debate. This process is called a(n)... a. mandate. b. filibuster. c. pocket veto. d. hold. e. initiative.

b. filibuster.

23. If Congress forced conscientious objectors to fight—to violate their religious beliefs or deeply held humanistic opposition to war—the government would run afoul of the __________ of the First Amendment. a. free association clause b. free-exercise clause c. establishment clause d. due process clause e. equal protection clause

b. free-exercise clause

29. Which of the following is a key factor in the increased size of the Cabinet over the years? a. president's inability to get legislative initiatives passed by Congress b. growth in the responsibilities of government c. new congressional requirement that Cabinet departments have an equal relationship with a particular congressional committee d. the feeling that the Cabinet should remain proportional in size to the bureaucracy e. president's need to be seen as a consensus builder

b. growth in the responsibilities of government

6. Compared to other Western democracies, the United States... a. has one of the largest governments among Western democracies. b. has one of the smallest governments among Western democracies. c. ranks about average in size among Western democracies. d. ranked as one of the smallest governments until 2008, then grew to one of the largest within two years. e. has one of the largest public sectors, but one of the smallest private sectors.

b. has one of the smallest governments among Western democracies.

11. Social Security was instituted by the government in response to... a. the Great Society. b. the Great Depression. c. WWI. d. WWII. e. the 9/11 attacks.

b. the Great Depression.

29. In 1988, Congress exercised its lawmaking power to check the law-interpreting power of the judiciary. In response to the 1984 case, Grove City College v. Bell, they passed legislation that made it crystal clear - a. if an institution gets federal money, it can only discriminate with moneys given from private individuals. b. if any part of an institution gets federal money, no part of it can discriminate. c. poll taxes are illegal. d. civil disobedience was unconstitutional. e. discrimination in housing rental and sales is illegal.

b. if any part of an institution gets federal money, no part of it can discriminate.

24. The number of electoral votes needed to win the presidency a. is 135. b. is 270. c. is 535. d. varies based on whether it is an even- or odd-numbered year. e. goes up every election.

b. is 270.

46. A whip is a member of the legislature who... a. acts as leader of the party when the majority leader is unavailable. b. keeps track of the vote count in Congress. c. controls the kinds of amendments offered on the floor of the House. d. is each party's primary liaison with the opposing party. e. determines which committees legislation will be referred to.

b. keeps track of the vote count in Congress.

45. Characteristics frequently associated with nonvoters are... a. low education, high income, and being middle-aged. b. low education, low income, and being relatively young. c. high education, low income, and being relatively old. d. low education, low income, and being middle-aged. e. low income and general apathy.

b. low education, low income, and being relatively young.

41. Meetings in which legislation is debated and amended are called _________ sessions. a. ex nihilo nihil fit b. markup c. brainstorming d. skull e. war

b. markup

54. During the 2016 presidential campaign, some candidates sent messages to the smart phones of selected voters.This is an example of... a. gerrymandering. b. micro targeting. c. gunny sacking. d. heuristics. e. linguistics.

b. micro targeting.

19. Representatives elected from new districts after reapportionment tend to exhibit __________ than representatives from older districts. a. less polarized voting partisans b. more polarized voting patterns c. the same amount of polarized voting d. higher name recognition e. less polarized voting partisans and higher name recognition.

b. more polarized voting patterns

37. Incumbents in the House of Representatives historically have won a. more than 50 percent of the time. b. more than 95 percent of the time. c. less often than incumbents in the Senate. d. at about the same rate as challengers. e. less than 30 percent of the time.

b. more than 95 percent of the time.

48. If the chief justice is not in the majority when a case is decided, the responsibility for opinion assignment rests with the... a. most junior justice on the Court. b. most senior associate justice in the majority. c. chief justice, as in other cases. d. most senior associate justice in the minority. e. justice assigned by the chief justice.

b. most senior associate justice in the majority.

46. One of the most convincing explanations for the persistence of the two-party system in the United States lies inits use of... a. single winners chosen by an absolute majority of votes. b. multiple winners chosen by a proportional representation of votes. c. multiple winners chosen by a simple plurality of votes. d. single winners chosen by a proportional representation of votes. e. single winners chosen by a simple plurality of votes.

b. multiple winners chosen by a proportional representation of votes.

49. In the 2016 presidential race, _________ accepted public funds. a. only Hillary Clinton b. neither party's candidate c. only Donald Trump d. only Bernie Sanders e. both party's candidates

b. neither party's candidate

8. Typically, what fraction of the voting-age population will vote in a primary election? a. one-tenth b. one-quarter c. one-half d. two-thirds e. three-fourths

b. one-quarter

44. Surveys show today that approximately __________ of the American population today think that the UnitedStates needs a third party. a. one-fourth b. one-third c. one-half d. two-thirds e. three-fourths

b. one-third

42. Supreme Court justices first learn what their colleagues might be thinking about a case when... a. they read about it in the newspaper. b. oral arguments are presented. c. they discuss the case before hearing from litigants. d. the case is placed on the docket. e. writing formal opinions.

b. oral arguments are presented.

41. If someone formed the "Second Amendment Party," a political party to run on a platform of removing regulations on gun ownership, that would be an example of a _________ party. a. bolter b. partisan c. farmer-labor d. single-issue e. reform

b. partisan

1. The text defines __________ as the actions of private citizens by which they seek to influence or support government and politics. a. direct action b. political participation c. unconventional participation d. conventional participation e. conventional behavior

b. political participation

3. Reapportionment is based on... a. the size of the eligible voting population. b. population figures shown in the census. c. the number of representatives in each individual state. d. the total number of Senators and representatives in each state. e. the indices laid out in Article II of the Constitution.

b. population figures shown in the census.

33. A direct primary is a... a. direct vote on a proposed law. b. preliminary election to choose party candidates. c. special election initiated by petition. d. procedure by which voters can propose a law to be considered by the legislature. e. recorded position on an issue by an interest group.

b. preliminary election to choose party candidates.

15. In 2016, 31 states adopted... a. winner-take-all rules for Republican primaries. b. proportional rules for Republican primaries. c. winner-take-all rules for Democratic primaries. d. proportional rules for Democratic primaries. e. the Electoral College amendment to the Constitution.

b. proportional rules for Republican primaries.

36. In the early 1900s, both Supreme Court cases and Congressional legislation was based on assumptions about the nature and role of women, which led to a series of ________ policies, which had the impact of locking women out of jobs that called for substantial overtime (and overtime pay). a. isolationist b. protectionist c. sexist d. misogynist e. residential

b. protectionist

48. The case of Gideon v. Wainwright affirmed that the state must... a. allow you to be tried by a jury of your peers. b. provide you with legal counsel. c. inform you of your constitutional rights before placing you under arrest. d. allow you to confront your accuser. e. impose a fair and impartial sentence for the crime.

b. provide you with legal counsel.

41. People who assume roles of prominence in society are known as... a. common ground. b. public figures. c. the judiciary. d. majoritarians. e. pluralists.

b. public figures.

10. The redistribution of seats among the states every ten years after a census is known as... a. redistricting. b. reapportionment. c. reallocation. d. gerrymandering. e. impeachment.

b. reapportionment.

2. Benign discrimination is based on... a. hatred. b. reason. c. differences. d. loyalty. e. partisanship.

b. reason.

50. The effect of the Twenty-sixth Amendment, which enfranchised eighteen-to-twenty-year-olds, was to... a. boost voter turnout in the United States above that of most other democratic nations. b. reduce the national voter turnout rate. c. increase the national voter turnout rate. d. decrease the percentage of the population that distrusts the American political system. e. counter the increasing social mobility of this group.

b. reduce the national voter turnout rate.

12. Persons possess __________ and governments possess __________. a. rights; privileges. b. rights; powers. c. values; powers. d. liberties; rights. e. rights; liberties.

b. rights; powers.

39. A _______ is a temporary committee established to deal with issues that either overlap or fall outside the areas of expertise of standing committees. a. subcommittee b. select committee c. conference committee d. joint committee e. makeshift committee

b. select committee

40. A ________ is a committee composed of legislators from both houses that works out legislative differences between the Senate and House and develops a compromise version. a. subcommittee b. select committee c. conference committee d. joint committee e. makeshift committee

b. select committee

25. The Republican Party was established in response to the issue of... a. taxes. b. slavery. c. school prayer. d. free trade. e. silver.

b. slavery.

40. The _______ represents the federal government before the Supreme Court. a. attorney general b. solicitor general c. secretary of justice d. chief justice e. assistant chief litigator

b. solicitor general

59. One reason there may be no delegate position for members of Congress to take is that... a. many issues are of great concern to their constituents. b. sometimes what constituents really want is not clear. c. technology has made most congressional issues highly visible back home. d. congressional issues rarely cut across a constituency in the same way. e. they fear losing their incumbency.

b. sometimes what constituents really want is not clear.

37. The House Judiciary Committee and the Senate Foreign Relations Committee are examples of... a. select committees. b. standing committees. c. subcommittees. d. ad hoc committees. e. conference committees.

b. standing committees.

22. To determine how a statute should be applied, judges look for the legislature's intent, reading reports of committee hearings and debates. This is known as... a. judicial review. b. statutory construction. c. Roman legal tradition. d. the rule of four. e. parliamentary review.

b. statutory construction.

12. State judges are obligated to follow the U.S. Constitution whenever state law conflicts with it under the Constitution's... a. judicial review clause. b. supremacy clause. c. federalism clause. d. uniformity clause. e. hierarchy of powers.

b. supremacy clause.

21. To appeal means to... a. make a plea on national television. b. take a case to a higher court. c. submit a "friend of the court" brief. d. argue a case before a judge or a court.e. ask for a reduction in the sentence imposed.

b. take a case to a higher court.

33. According to the text, a primary reason for low morale among federal employees is... a. realization of the needless nature of most of the work they do. b. that fewer than half believe that doing their job well will lead to reward or promotion. c. disagreement with the fundamental philosophy of the presidential administration. d. inability to challenge poor decisions frequently made by federal agency supervisors and managers. e. inadequate screening of newly hired employees.

b. that fewer than half believe that doing their job well will lead to reward or promotion.

5. The rights and liberties guaranteed by the Constitution are found in... a. the Eighteenth and Twenty-Second Amendments. b. the Bill of Rights and the first section of the Fourteenth Amendment. c. Article III. d. Article I. e. Amendments 1 through 27.

b. the Bill of Rights and the first section of the Fourteenth Amendment.

10. The government first took steps to provide income security in the wake of... a. the Industrial Revolution. b. the Civil War. c. the Great Depression. d. World War II.e. the recession.

b. the Civil War.

25. If no presidential candidate receives a majority of the electoral college votes, the election is decided by... a. the president. b. the House of Representatives. c. the Senate.d. votes in the fifty state legislatures.e . the U.S. Supreme Court.

b. the House of Representatives.

6. The march from Selma demonstrated to the nation the seriousness of... a. healthcare deviations. b. the civil rights problem. c. education funding. d. gun violence. e. the Constitutional amendment process.

b. the civil rights problem.

20. Democrat Andrew Jackson won the presidency in 1828 in... a. an election in which the House of Representatives decided the winner. b. the first mass election in U.S. history. c. an election in which the Senate decided the winner. d. an election during which the parties neglected their function of nominating candidates and he ran unopposed. e. the last election against the Federalists.

b. the first mass election in U.S. history.

62. A legislator acts as a trustee when they vote based on... a. majority rule. b. their conscious. c. party alignment. d. constituency agreement. e. historical trends.

b. their conscious.

4. Until the 1950s, political campaigns were conducted primarily a. through the mass media. b. through political party organizations. c. through quiet appeals to elite electors. d. by individual candidates with very little staff or assistance. e. by interest groups.

b. through political party organizations.

20. Regulatory commissions are usually run with an odd number of commissioners... a. to facilitate rotation in office. b. to prevent tie votes. c. by longstanding tradition dating back to the Middle Ages. d. to prevent any area of the country from being overrepresented. e. after the passage of the 1961 Bureaucratic Improvement Act.

b. to prevent tie votes.

52. With respect to presidential leadership in the legislative arena, the presidency of Franklin Roosevelt... a. did not actually pursue an aggressive legislative agenda. b. ushered in the era of significant presidential legislative action. c. "put the brakes on" the historical active presidential legislative agenda. d. continued the traditional passive legislative stance of presidents. e. was less successful in implementing his legislative agenda than most other presidents before and since.

b. ushered in the era of significant presidential legislative action.

20. The percentage of eligible voters who actually vote in a given election is called... a. political partisanship. b. voter turnout. c. influencing behavior. d. political gatekeeping. e. a social democracy.

b. voter turnout.

60. Studies of the party identification and ideological orientation of voters show that... a. voters often align with parties that contradict their ideological leanings. b. voters tend to identify with the party that most reflects their ideological orientation. c. there appears to be no consistent relationship between party identification and ideology. d. parties have no consistent ideological positions. e. most voters do not have a solid party identification.

b. voters tend to identify with the party that most reflects their ideological orientation.

61. A congressional representative is following the delegate philosophy when he or she... a. takes instructions from party leaders on how to vote. b. votes in accordance with the perceived wishes of the citizens back home. c. votes according to his or her conscience, even if doing so means going against the wishes of the majority back home. d. consults the president before an important vote. e. relies primarily on personal experience, philosophy, and ideology in deciding how to vote.

b. votes in accordance with the perceived wishes of the citizens back home.

26. Prior to the 1964 act, the civil rights laws that Congress enacted in 1957 and 1960 dealt mainly with... a. work laws. b. voting rights. c. taxation. d. education. e. property rights.

b. voting rights.

3. In 1791, when the Bill of Rights was ratified, it... a. was made up of fifteen amendments. b. was made up of ten amendments. c. did not include a provision protecting free speech. d. applied to the states but not to the national government. e. was intended to be temporary.

b. was made up of ten amendments.

22. In his first run for the presidency, Andrew Jackson a. won a majority of the electoral votes and became president. b. won a plurality of the popular vote but was not chosen as president by the House of Representatives. c. was chosen president by the House of Representatives. d. became president after a run-off election. e. lost the presidency because an elector changed his official vote.

b. won a plurality of the popular vote but was not chosen as president by the House of Representatives.

43. The current limit for PAC contributions to candidates in an election is... a. $1,000. b. $2,600. c. $5,000. d. $10,000. e. not set by law.

c. $5,000.

47. In what year did the Supreme Court extend the Constitution's equal protection guarantee by forbidding the exclusion of a potential juror on the basis of their sex or race? a. 1920 b. 2014 c. 1994 d. 1979

c. 1994

11. The Supreme Court has reversed its previous decisions _________ times in its history. a. only 10 b. 90 c. 240 d. 575 e. over 900

c. 240

25. The 114th Congress has become more diversified and included _____ members who were Muslim, Hindu, or Buddhist. a. 12 b. 23 c. 5 d. 61 e. 2

c. 5

54. Research shows that about _____ of Americans adopt their parents' political party. a. 30% b. 10% c. 50% d. 1% e. 90%

c. 50%

45. Beginning with the 2010 election, corporations were free to run ads directly advocating a candidate's election for the first time since 1907, when Congress first banned using general corporate funds in federal election campaigns. This occurred based on which 2010 U.S. Supreme Court decision? a. Federal Election Commission v. McCain b. Feingold v. McConnell c. Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission d. BCRA v. Fox News e. FEC v. Americans United Trust

c. Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission

10. The Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments to the Constitution are collectively known as the _____ amendments. a. Reconstruction b. suffrage c. Civil War d. prohibition e. Bill of Rights

c. Civil War

26. Which event helped to shape the partisan patterns of the North and South for nearly a century? a. Revolutionary War b. Great Depression c. Civil Ward. civil rights movement e. adoption of the new Constitution

c. Civil Ward. civil rights movement

53. Black Americans shifted significantly to the Democratic Party in the 1960s largely in response to... a. Republican support for the Voting Rights Act of 1965. b. Democrats' opposition to the "Great Society." c. Democratic Party support for civil rights legislation. d. growing realization that the 1930s New Deal was not such a great deal. e. a backlash against urban violence that erupted in cities across the nation.

c. Democratic Party support for civil rights legislation.

58. Since 1952, Democrats have generally been a majority of the electorate, but Republicans have won more presidential elections, because... a. polls estimating the Democrat voter population are faulty. b. Republican party identification has changed over the years. c. Democrats are more likely to "defect" on the basis of candidates' attributes and the issues. d. Democrats have failed to field candidates in some elections. e. voters are disenchanted with the Democrats' perennial fundraising advantage over Republicans.

c. Democrats are more likely to "defect" on the basis of candidates' attributes and the issues.

46. The case in which the Supreme Court extended to the states the right to a jury trial in criminal cases was... a. Gideon v. Wainright. b. Miranda v. Arizona. c. Duncan v. Louisiana. d. Palko v. Connecticut. e. Schenck v. U.S.

c. Duncan v. Louisiana.

9. _________ is not a reason cited by the text for the growth of government. a. Government intervention to protect the integrity of markets b. Increased acceptance of government involvement in social welfare c. Election and appointment of "left-leaning Social Democratic" government officials d. Increasing complexity of society e. Change in the public's attitudes about business

c. Election and appointment of "left-leaning Social Democratic" government officials

21. The Supreme Court declared prayer in public schools unconstitutional in... a. Minersville School District v. Gobitis. b. West Virginia State Board v. Barnette. c. Engel v. Vitale. d. Epperson v. Arkansas. e. Near v. Minnesota.

c. Engel v. Vitale.

24. The __________ Amendment to the Constitution prohibits states from denying the right to vote "on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude." a. Tenth b. Fourteenth c. Fifteenth d. Twenty-second e. Eighteenth

c. Fifteenth

49. __________ is the practice of unlimited debate in the Senate in order to obstruct legislation. a. Cloture b. Logrolling c. Filibustering d. Gerrymandering e. Muckraking

c. Filibustering

49. The ___________ was the name given to President Lyndon Johnson's liberal agenda for America.a. New Deal b. New America c. Great Society d. Great Deal e. Renewal Agenda

c. Great Society

50. Which statement about American political parties is false? a. A person's party identification, once developed, tends to endure. b. The number of Democrats in the electorate consistently exceeded the number of Republicans until the mid-1990s. c. Independents outnumber Democratic Party and Republican Party identifiers, combined, in the U.S.electorate. d. The proportion of Democrats in the electorate has shrunk over time, to the benefit of both Republicans andIndependents. e. Fifty percent of children adopt the same party affiliation as their parents.

c. Independents outnumber Democratic Party and Republican Party identifiers, combined, in the U.S.electorate.

21. What was the purpose of the Twelfth Amendment? a. It established the electoral college. b. It required the president to choose his (or her) own vice president. c. It required the electoral college to vote separately for president and vice president. d. It established the principle that the president and vice president would run together on a single ticket. e. It was required to finally certify the winner of the election of 1800.

c. It required the electoral college to vote separately for president and vice president.

48. In the 2008 presidential election... a. neither Barack Obama nor John McCain agreed to accept public funds for the general election. b. Barack Obama accepted public funds, but John McCain did not. c. John McCain accepted public funds, but Barack Obama did not. d. both Barack Obama and John McCain accepted public funds for the general election, but not in the primary. e. neither Barack Obama nor John McCain accepted public funds for the general election, but they did accept public funding during their primaries.

c. John McCain accepted public funds, but Barack Obama did not.

42. Which amendment to the Constitution guaranteed women the right to vote? a. Fifteenth Amendment in 1870 b. Eighteenth Amendment in 1918 c. Nineteenth Amendment in 1920 d. Twenty-fourth Amendment in 1964 e. Twenty-sixth Amendment in 1971

c. Nineteenth Amendment in 1920

37. In the 1970s, Daniel Ellsberg stole classified documents that came to be known as the __________ and gave them to national newspapers. a. Vietnam Plans b. Nixon Scheme c. Pentagon Papers d. Watergate Files e. Snowden Report

c. Pentagon Papers

8. U.S. Senators were no longer chosen by state legislatures after the passage of the... a. Thirteenth Amendment. b. Sixteenth Amendment. c. Seventeenth Amendment. d. Nineteenth Amendment. e. Twenty-first Amendment.

c. Seventeenth Amendment.

31. Of the following, which influences current-day presidents the most? a. the Cabinet b. Congress c. White House staff d. National Security Council e. U.S. Supreme Court rulings

c. White House staff

33. A critical event that helped end the Republican Party's domination of national politics in the 1920s was a. the Civil War. b. the Spanish-American War. c. World War I. d. the Great Depression. e. the Korean War.

c. World War I.

55. A 2013 Senate rule change allows debate on judges other than Supreme Court justices to be cut off by... a. a 60-vote majority. b. presidential proclamation. c. a simple majority. d. an agreement of the Senate Majority Leader and Ranking Minority Member. e. a vote of the Senate Judiciary Committee.

c. a simple majority.

48. Women compared to men, and blacks compared to whites, tend to have political participation rates today that are... a. far lower. b. slightly lower. c. about the same. d. slightly higher. e. far higher.

c. about the same.

61. In Planned Parenthood v. Casey, the Supreme Court a. broadened the existing federal restrictions on availability of abortion. b. voided the "undue burden" test that had been used for rulings on the abortion issue. c. accepted the validity of Justice O'Connor's position that state abortion restrictions are allowable if they are not "unduly burdensome." d. established the "trimester" scheme, in which restrictions on abortion may be different in the first, second, and third three-month periods of a pregnancy. e. outlawed abortions funded with federal funds.

c. accepted the validity of Justice O'Connor's position that state abortion restrictions are allowable if they are not "unduly burdensome."

6. The phrases "the executive Power shall be vested in a President" and "he shall take Care that the Laws be faithfully executed" are the constitutional foundations for the president's... a. pardon power. b. power as commander in chief. c. administrative power. d. enumerated powers. e. diplomatic power.

c. administrative power.

38. When a president invokes the idea of "going public" he forces Congressional compliance by... a. implementing a pocket veto. b. using inherent powers. c. appealing to their constituents. d. appointing a legislative committee. e. denying incumbent power.

c. appealing to their constituents.

47. The logical content of a Supreme Court justices opinion is called the... a. plea. b. amicus. c. argument. d. brief. e. judgment.

c. argument.

36. The content of a proposed bill in Congress can be changed... a. only in committee. b. only during floor deliberation. c. at any stage of the legislative process in either the House or the Senate. d. only in conference committee. e. up to three times.

c. at any stage of the legislative process in either the House or the Senate.

62. Recent state policies designed to address voter fraud are typically criticized by Democrats as... a. ineffective. b. unnecessary. c. attempts to deny potential voters their civil rights. d. undemocratic. e. measures that decrease turnout of working professionals.

c. attempts to deny potential voters their civil rights.

52. In order to gain campaign information about the voting preferences and issues concerning various groups in the electorate, a candidate would conduct a(n) _____ poll. a. exit b. straw c. benchmark d. access e. trend

c. benchmark

38. New cabinet departments or agencies can be created... a. by executive order of the president. b. by a regulation from a preexisting cabinet department. c. by congressional law. d. by executive order of the president and by congressional law. e. by executive order of the president and by a regulation from a preexisting cabinet department.

c. by congressional law.

43. In 2010, The Supreme Court in McDonald v. Chicago, ruled in a 5-4 decision that an individual's right to bear arms... a. can be prohibited by state or local government. b. only is permitted if the individual is part of a state militia. c. cannot be prohibited by state or local government. d. only is permitted if the individual submits to a state background check. e. permits the individual to possess submachine guns and assault rifles.

c. cannot be prohibited by state or local government.

13. A method of delegate selection that begins with local meetings and culminates in a state convention is known as the a. open primary. b. front loading method. c. caucus method. d. closed primary. e. deliberation.

c. caucus method.

35. In the U.S., freedom of press has primarily meant protection from... a. being forced to reveal one's sources. b. having to be impartial. c. censorship. d. libel lawsuits. e. government ownership of newspapers.

c. censorship.

5. The importance of organization is evident in the success of the British with respect to defending their ships fromU-boats. Their organization was based on... a. independent decision making and diffusion of authority. b. decentralization. c. centralization and communication. d. decentralization and rigorous procedure. e. flexibility and creativity.

c. centralization and communication.

64. A group of citizens around the country believe they have been victimized by poor design of a car's braking system. They might combine their interests in a(n) ___________ claim. a. group solicitation b. amicus c. class action d. de novo e. group damages

c. class action

10. A primary election in which voters must declare their party affiliation before they are given the primary ballot isa(n) ________ primary. a. blanket b. open c. closed d. challenge e. presidential preference

c. closed

36. Bolter parties are those that... a. are formed by factions that have split off from one of the major parties. b. regularly affect the outcome of presidential elections. c. collect over 30 percent of the popular vote. d. represent farmer and urban workers who believe that they are not getting their fair share of society's wealth. e. control the Senate.

c. collect over 30 percent of the popular vote.

18. The first nomination process for two opposing candidates for the presidency was conducted in 1800 by a. a nationwide primary. b. statewide conventions. c. congressional caucuses. d. a vote of the nation's governors. e. a national referendum.

c. congressional caucuses.

59. Because they believe it will promote efficiency and a growing economy, _________ have been champions of deregulation. a. liberals b. communitarians c. conservatives d. bureaucrats e. progressives

c. conservatives

15. An incumbent is someone who... a. is trying to throw the opposing party out of office. b. lobbies for an interest group. c. currently holds office. d. reports directly to the president. e. has the power to impeach.

c. currently holds office.

21. If a school has all black students because only black families live in the neighborhoods that feed into the school, it is an example of _____ segregation. a. de jure b. civil c. de facto d. partisan e. Jim Crow

c. de facto

44. An ex post facto law... a. impairs contracts between states. b. prevents double jeopardy. c. declares an action illegal after it has been committed. d. declares a person guilty without the benefit of trial. e. is only applicable at the local level.

c. declares an action illegal after it has been committed.

49. A decision disagreeing with the majority opinion's argument is known as a... a. concordium. b. certiorari. c. dissent. d. concurrence. e. rebuttal.

c. dissent.

5. Which form of equality recognizes that real disparities exist between groups that require attention? a. formal b. general c. dynamic d. limited e. partisan

c. dynamic

10. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 established the right to nondiscrimination in public accommodations and... a. access to home loans. b. voting. c. employment opportunity. d. education. e. free speech.

c. employment opportunity.

29. A 2013 supreme court decision regarding the Voting Rights Act allowed numerous states to... a. approve more generous voting restoration rights for felons who have served their full sentences. b. reinstate the all-white primary election. c. enforce new voter identification laws. d. legalize voting by mail. e. restrict voting only to residents of an elected official's home district.

c. enforce new voter identification laws.

50. The exclusionary rule holds that... a. "fighting words" can be excluded from constitutional protection. b. a court can order or constrain an action by an individual. c. evidence obtained from an illegal search and seizure cannot be used in a trial. d. people who are biased against a defendant may be excluded from serving on a jury. e. evidence wrongly excluded at trial may not be used in appellate court later.

c. evidence obtained from an illegal search and seizure cannot be used in a trial.

61. A pact between the heads of two countries is a(n)... a. treaty. b. legislative act. c. executive agreement. d. resolution. e. initiative.

c. executive agreement.

4. The framers of the Constitution created a comparatively strong executive because... a. they wanted to emulate the strength of the monarch, which was the only example of government they had lived under. b. state governors provided a good example of the effectiveness of a strong executive. c. executive power as it existed under the Articles of Confederation had failed to bind the states into a unified nation. d. they admired the chief executives of governments in European nations. e. they believed that only a strong executive could provide the influence needed to end the evils of slavery.

c. executive power as it existed under the Articles of Confederation had failed to bind the states into a unified nation.

8. An increasingly complex U.S. society has caused the government at all levels to... a. step back. b. contract. c. expand. d. diminish. e. remain uninvolved.

c. expand.

40. After the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks, Congress passed the USA-PATRIOT Act, which... a. gave government increased power over who is allowed to run for office. b. empowered the president to ban social media sites like Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram in an attempt to maintain public order. c. expanded the government's ability to tap phones and monitor internet traffic. d. extended the requirement that one be a "native-born American" to run for president, to all federal elective offices. e. created a universal gun owner registration list.

c. expanded the government's ability to tap phones and monitor internet traffic.

27. We elect the president via 50 state elections combined into the electoral college; thus, presidential elections are best described as ________ elections. a. national b. majoritarian c. federal d. unfair e. elitist

c. federal

38. Congressional campaign finance laws regulating elections were significantly strengthened after a. scandals involving labor union contributions in 1952. b. the resignation of John F. Kennedy's vice president for accepting bribes. c. financial misdeeds during Nixon's 1972 reelection campaign. d. Jimmy Carter's Secretary of State was convicted for bribery. e. Ronald Reagan heavily outspent Carter in the 1980 election.

c. financial misdeeds during Nixon's 1972 reelection campaign.

14. A state moves its primary to an earlier date to encourage presidential candidates who would otherwise haves kipped that state to campaign there. This is known as... a. a horse race. b. a silent primary. c. front-loading. d. first-past-the-post. e. early entry.

c. front-loading.

17. The practice of altering district lines for partisan advantage after the census is also known as... a. redistricting. b. reapportionment. c. gerrymandering. d. impeachment. e. cloture.

c. gerrymandering.

39. A reporter obtained information from a confidential source pertaining to an ongoing criminal grand jury investigation. The free press standard that the reporter must adhere to in this situation requires that the reporter... a. go to jail for contempt rather than reveal the information. b. divulge the information from the source but not give the name of the source. c. give whatever testimony the reporter is capable of giving. d. divulge information only if the name of the confidential source is revealed first. e. decline to appear before the grand jury.

c. give whatever testimony the reporter is capable of giving.

29. Efforts to draw boundaries to promote the election of minorities... a. have been equally effective for blacks as for Hispanics. b. have been more effective for Hispanics than for blacks. c. have been more effective for blacks than for Hispanics. d. were more effective for blacks in the 1980s, but more effective for Hispanics in the 1990s. e. have been equally ineffective for blacks as for Hispanics.

c. have been more effective for blacks than for Hispanics.

2. One criterion that must be met for a country to be democratic is that it must... a. have only two political parties. b. be politically divided along traditional liberal/conservative lines. c. have more than one political party. d. allow initiative and referendum. e. prevent interest groups from unduly influencing elections.

c. have more than one political party.

30. The Supreme Court's decisions in two flag-burning cases have... a. held that flag burning is a punishable desecration of a sacred national symbol. b. been at odds with each other, leaving uncertainty about this symbolically important area of the law. c. held that flag burning is a legally protected political expression. d. both sent the cases back to lower courts for rehearing, where the litigants settled, so there is no final decision to point to. e. been decided on narrow procedural grounds, with no decision on the main legal issue.

c. held that flag burning is a legally protected political expression.

52. To signal one's intent to filibuster, a senator may issue a... a. cloture request. b. gerrymander. c. hold. d. senatorial veto. e. franking privilege.

c. hold.

50. According to Charles Lindblom, policymaking tends to be characterized by ________, with policies and programs changing bit by bit, step-by-step. a. gridlock b. partisanship c. incrementalism d. mandates e. gerrymandering

c. incrementalism

14. When a citizen contributes money to a candidate's campaign, he or she is engaging in... a. unconventional participation. b. supportive behavior. c. influencing behavior. d. competitive behavior. e. elite behavior.

c. influencing behavior.

4. What most distinguishes political parties from interest groups like the AFL-CIO and the National Association ofManufacturers is that... a. political parties focus on multiple issues, whereas each interest group only focuses on one. b. political parties have more money than interest groups. c. interest groups do not nominate candidates to run as their avowed representatives. d. interest groups have no clear political ideology. e. pluralists do not think interest groups are necessary for democracy to function.

c. interest groups do not nominate candidates to run as their avowed representatives.

45. The claiming of a presidential mandate after an election a. is consistent with a pluralist theory of democracy. b. is necessary to have Congressional approval. c. is consistent with a majoritarian theory of democracy. d. is more common among presidents who win by small electoral margins. e. is part of a conservative philosophy.

c. is consistent with a majoritarian theory of democracy.

8. Political scientists know less about unconventional forms of political participation because... a. conventional forms have greater impact. b. few people consider unconventional forms legitimate. c. it is easier to collect data on conventional practices. d. they are biased toward unconventional politics. e. they are not allowed access to unconventional forms.

c. it is easier to collect data on conventional practices.

43. Research indicates that one important reason for the decline of third-party voting starting in the 1930s may be... a. disenchantment with rules promulgated by the Federal Election Commission restricting who can vote for third parties. b. realization that issues raised by third parties are always insignificant. c. leftward drift of the Democratic Party to adopt issues otherwise raised by third parties. d. voter fraud sabotaging the actual results earned by third-party candidates. e. belief that the Republican Party was going to have a platform that would accomplish anything a third party would otherwise work toward.

c. leftward drift of the Democratic Party to adopt issues otherwise raised by third parties.

64. In a parliamentary system, power is concentrated in the a. head of state. b. voting public. c. legislature. d. prime minister. e. courts.

c. legislature.

31. A president can appoint about three thousand people to jobs in their administration, which represents__________ of all executive branch employees. a. the vast majority b. 5 percent c. less than 1 percent d. about 20 percent e. 10 percent

c. less than 1 percent

62. According to the __________ model of democracy, political parties are essential in making government responsive to public opinion. a. procedural b. substantive c. majoritari and pluralist e. responsible

c. majoritari and pluralist

44. The Speaker of the House is also the a. minority party's leader. b. vice president of the United States. c. majority party's leader. d. commander-in-chief of the U.S. armed forces. e. minority whip.

c. majority party's leader.

26. Appointments under the civil service system are made based on a. patriotism. b. political beliefs. c. merit. d. need. e. patronage.

c. merit.

27. An underlying assumption of the concept of descriptive representation is that... a. elected representatives should follow their own consciences. b. any citizen can be represented by any congressional representative. c. minorities can be effectively represented only by people who "look like them." d. representatives should carefully heed public opinion polls. e. the more outspoken people are regarding the type of representative they want, the closer the representative will be to voter preference.

c. minorities can be effectively represented only by people who "look like them."

44. According to the text, Americans were __________ politically apathetic in 2012 compared to 1952. a. much less b. a little less c. neither more nor less d. a little more e. much more

c. neither more nor less

30. In the modern presidency, the Cabinet... a. has assumed greater importance over the last twenty years. b. is a minor contributor to presidential decisions on foreign policy, but a major contributor to decisions on domestic policy. c. no longer provides significant decision-making input or support for the president. d. makes major domestic policy decisions but does not make foreign or defense policy decisions. e. is the central advisory and decision-making group on which the president depends.

c. no longer provides significant decision-making input or support for the president.

44. After an ExpressJet flight kept 47 passengers on board an aircraft overnight in Rochester, New York, theDepartment of Transportation announced a new set of rules limiting tarmac waits to... a. no more than seven hours. b. one hour. c. no more than three hours. d. thirty minutes. e. 12 hours- the length of a trans-Atlantic flight from the west coast.

c. no more than three hours.

7. Every two years, _________ of the Senate must stand for reelection. a. one-fourth b. one-half c. one-third d. all e. two-thirds

c. one-third

50. When judges adjudicate cases and present explanations justifying their rulings, they publish them in the form of... a. writs. b. precedents. c. opinions. d. briefs. e. treatises.

c. opinions.

57. A voter who determines which candidate he or she will vote for very early in the campaign most likely has based that decision on... a. the media's perception of the front-runner. b. the candidate's stand on a particular issue of importance. c. party identification. d. the candidate's foreign policy experience. e. the candidate's projected image.

c. party identification.

56. A centralized organization that dominated local politics by controlling elections, sometimes by illegal means, is known as a... a. party ideology. b. campaign committee. c. party machine. d. party conference. e. party government.

c. party machine.

16. The ability of groups to make government respond to their special problems is best related to ________ theory. a. majoritarian b. suffragist c. pluralist d. direct e. communitarian

c. pluralist

39. President Obama's attempts to improve the public's opinion about his health-care bill shows... a. presidents can move the public about six percentage points toward policies they favor. b. presidents have more success influencing the public when the economy is bad. c. presidential efforts to influence public opinion are likely to fail. d. presidents' own job approval ratings can decline even as their public outreach succeeds. e. the public is more likely to defer to the president's opinion when the legislation in question is extremely complex.

c. presidential efforts to influence public opinion are likely to fail.

32. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 bans... a. only governmental acts of discrimination. b. only discrimination by educational institutions. c. private and governmental acts of discrimination. d. only discrimination against women and African Americans. e. only private discrimination.

c. private and governmental acts of discrimination.

11. An American citizen's ability to drive a car only with the possession of a valid license may be best described as a... a. civil liberty. b. civil right. c. privilege. d. power. e. negative right.

c. privilege.

2. With regards to the executive office, prior to the Constitution, the Articles of Confederation... a. had created a three-person executive. b. required a one-year executive that rotated between the different states. c. provided for no independent executive. d. maintained an even stronger executive than the Constitution ultimately created. e. created a single executive who served for six years and was ineligible for reelection.

c. provided for no independent executive.

60. In 1992, a clear conservative majority on the Supreme Court __________ Roe. a. overruled b. ignored c. reaffirmed d. replaced e. denounced

c. reaffirmed

60. When government implements deregulation, it... a. increases its role in order to avoid economic downturn. b. relies heavily on government intervention. c. reduces its role and lets natural market forces take over. d. implements more regulatory functions. e. ignores the forces of supply and demand.

c. reduces its role and lets natural market forces take over.

42. In the 2000 election, the candidacy of Ralph Nader a. had no significant impact. b. resulted in a loss of support for the Democratic candidate, Al Gore. c. resulted in a loss of support for the Republican candidate, George W. Bush. d. garnered nearly 50% of the popular vote. e. proved to be the first time an independent was elected to the office of president.

c. resulted in a loss of support for the Republican candidate, George W. Bush.

38. In Near v. Minnesota, the Supreme Court... a. ruled that prior restraint is a political issue and therefore not justifiable. b. ruled that prior restraint is not a violation of freedom of the press. c. ruled that prior restraint almost always places an unacceptable burden on a free press. d. ruled that prior restraint of the press is permitted by the clear and present danger test. e. applied a three-pronged test to identify whether prior restraint is permissible.

c. ruled that prior restraint almost always places an unacceptable burden on a free press.

24. Federal appellate courts review and can overturn... a. precedents set by the U.S. Supreme Court. b. only federal criminal cases. c. rulings made by the lower federal courts. d. guilt or innocence of defendants. e. only civil cases.

c. rulings made by the lower federal courts.

52. In implementing the Individuals with Disabilities Act (IDEA), school administrators frequently offer families fewer services than the law calls for because... a. school administrators don't want to do the maximum for disabled children. b. school administrators want to increase their salaries. c. school administrators don't have enough money to provide services to all qualifying students. d. Congressional requirements are so vague that administrators are worried about overstepping their authority. e. under the law, families are responsible for requesting services, and often don't know what to do.

c. school administrators don't have enough money to provide services to all qualifying students.

62. In a 2015 opinion, the Supreme Court _____________ state bans on same-sex marriages and refusals to recognize legal same-sex marriage performed in other states. a. upheld b. failed to rule on c. struck down d. deferred to lower court rulings regarding e. declined to hear arguments regarding

c. struck down

54. In Griswold v. Connecticut , the Court struck down a state law.. a. requiring women to seek the permission of their husbands before obtaining an abortion. b. that banned pornographic literature. c. that made the use of birth control devices a crime. d. forbidding the purchase of alcohol on Sunday afternoons. e. regulating gambling that took place within private residences.

c. that made the use of birth control devices a crime.

27. The Civil Rights Act was one part of President Johnson's plan known as a. the "New Deal." b. "Fireside Chats." c. the "Great Society." d. "Make America Great Again." e. "Just Say No."

c. the "Great Society."

6. One result of ____________ was the direct primary, in which candidates must campaign not only for election, but also for the nomination of their party. a. the Civil War b. the post World War II desire for greater personal power c. the Progressive movement in the 1920s d. adoption of the Constitution to replace the Articles of Confederation e. Andrew Jackson's popularization of political activity

c. the Progressive movement in the 1920s

50. The event that served as the catalyst for the gay liberation movement in the United States was... a. the Montgomery bus boycott. b. the New York City St. Patrick's Day Parade of 1984. c. the Stonewall Riots. d. the Watts Riot. e. the Gay Pride March of 1971.

c. the Stonewall Riots.

23. A circuit is... a. a group of policymakers with whom a judge is friendly. b. the procedural path along which an appeal must travel. c. the geographical area over which a court of appeals hears cases. d. the set of procedures that Supreme Court justices use to select cases for review. e. a group of judges joining together to write an opinion.

c. the geographical area over which a court of appeals hears cases.

56. When a senator refers to constituents, he or she is talking about a. a way to prevent a filibuster. b. the Bill of Rights. c. the people who live and vote in their district. d. ways to redistrict congressional boundaries.e. their political views in relation to the president's political views.

c. the people who live and vote in their district.

4. Judicial review is... a. the power of federal courts to scrutinize any legislative act to ensure legal consistency. b. the right of Congress to approve presidential nominations to the courts. c. the power of the Supreme Court to declare laws invalid if they violate the Constitution. d. the power of Congress to review the decisions of federal and state courts. e. the final stage in the legislative process.

c. the power of the Supreme Court to declare laws invalid if they violate the Constitution.

53. The majority in the 2015 Obergefell v. Hodges case held that... a. gay marriage laws were the purview of the states. b. the court had gone too far in the United States v. Windsor case, usurping the power of state legislatures, who possessed the right to define marriage. c. the right to marry was fundamental, protected by the Fourteenth Amendment, and essential to liberty regardless of whether the couple was same-sex or opposite sex. d. the Defense of Marriage Ace (DOMA) was constitutional. e. parts of DOMA were unconstitutional.

c. the right to marry was fundamental, protected by the Fourteenth Amendment, and essential to liberty regardless of whether the couple was same-sex or opposite sex.

23. The framers of the Constitution left the issue of voter enfranchisement to... a. Congress. b. the Supreme Court. c. the states. d. the Federalist papers. e. voting districts

c. the states.

45. The president of the Senate is... a. sometimes called the Speaker of the House. b. also the president of the United States. c. the vice president of the United States. d. a minority whip. e. any available Cabinet member.

c. the vice president of the United States.

21. While presidents don't have direct control over regulatory commissions, they can strongly influence their direction through... a. putting strings on their budget. b. pre-allocating their budgets. c. their appointments of new commissioners. d. congressional oversight committees.e. executive orders.

c. their appointments of new commissioners.

15. One way that limits Supreme Court justices from the direct influence of the president and Congress is... a. a dissenting opinion. b. the precedents they set. c. their lifetime tenure. d. their political alliance. e. national sovereignty.

c. their lifetime tenure.

63. Voters favor one-party control of the presidency and Congress when... a. there is general agreement on national priorities between the parties. b. it is wartime. c. their party is in control. d. unemployment is low. e. it is not an election year.

c. their party is in control.

9. Party organizations help coordinate the actions of public officials because... a. party unity is expected. b. they limit the number of choices that public officials have. c. they are the major means for bridging institutional differences. d. they are the major means for overcoming ideological differences. e. they instill a sense of patriotism in public officials.

c. they are the major means for bridging institutional differences.

63. American catfish farmers asked Washington to regulate its industry because... a. they were concerned about overfishing. b. they wanted Congress to subsidize their industry in case of natural disaster. c. they believed increased food safety standards would make them more competitive. d. they wanted to compete with Europe and wanted to work under a similar system to the EU. e. they wanted to take advantage of government-produced technology.

c. they believed increased food safety standards would make them more competitive.

56. The American emphasis on freedom over equality in political participation works to the benefit of... a. union members. b. the poor. c. those with greater resources. d. no particular group. e. nonvoters.

c. those with greater resources.

31. Congress can overturn a presidential veto with a... a. two-thirds vote in the House and a majority vote in the Senate. b. majority approval in the supreme court. c. two-thirds vote in each house. d. three-fourths vote in each house. e. majority vote in the House and 60 votes in the Senate.

c. two-thirds vote in each house.

59. To maintain order, the government has a stake in converting _______ whenever possible. a. education into voting behavior b. wealth into contributions c. unconventional participation into conventional participation d. voting into "buy-in" e. foreign policy issues into domestic policy issues

c. unconventional participation into conventional participation

15. Plessy v. Ferguson, which involved segregated public accommodations, is noteworthy because it... a. upheld the principles of the Fourteenth Amendment. b. applied the national supremacy clause to such cases. c. upheld state-imposed racial segregation and endorsed the separate-but-equal doctrine. d. stated that Congress had no power to pass legislation requiring open public accommodations. e. removed the barrier that denied blacks the right to enter public accommodations.

c. upheld state-imposed racial segregation and endorsed the separate-but-equal doctrine.

57. A congressional representative is following the trustee philosophy when he or she... a. takes instructions from party leaders on how to vote. b. votes in accordance with the perceived wishes of the citizens back home. c. votes according to his or her conscience, even if doing so means going against the wishes of the majority back home. d. consults the president before an important vote. e. polls members of the district prior to a vote.

c. votes according to his or her conscience, even if doing so means going against the wishes of the majority back home.

13. Alexander Hamilton argued that the judicial branch was the __________ branch of national government. a. most legitimate b. most reliable c. weakest d. wisest e. least flexible

c. weakest

20. In Brown v. Board of Education II, the Supreme Court ordered that public school systems must desegregate... a. "at the discretion of the local school district." b. "without further ado." c. "immediately." d. "with all deliberate speed." e. "or face closure."

d. "with all deliberate speed."

62. Along with Washington D.C., from 1992 to 2012, how many states were "battleground" states? a. 3 b. 5 c. 13 d. 18 e. 25

d. 18

30. Women were granted universal suffrage in a. 1787. b. 1865. c. 1896. d. 1920. e. 1972.31.

d. 1920.

55. When did American Indians receive U.S. citizenship? a. They have always had it. b. 1776 c. 1848 d. 1924 e. 1969

d. 1924

38. The best the Socialist Party has ever done in America was to capture 6 percent of the vote in the election of a. 1896. b. 1912. c. 1932. d. 1968. e. 2016.

d. 1968.

38. While the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) was proposed in 1923, it did not get through Congress until a. 1925. b. 1945. c. 1953. d. 1972. e. 2012.

d. 1972.

3. Which of the following statements best describes the attitude of the American people toward political parties? a. Americans feel strong personal loyalties to their parties. b. Americans see parties as inherently undemocratic. c. Americans would like to see many more than two parties. d. Americans recognize the value of parties but distrust the existing ones. e. Americans are ideologically divided, as are parties.

d. Americans recognize the value of parties but distrust the existing ones.

23. The __________ was the first "third" party in American history to challenge the two major parties for the presidency and called the first national party convention. a. Free Soil Party b. Bull Moose Party c. Reform Party d. Anti-Masonic Party e. Whig Party

d. Anti-Masonic Party

1. The framers of the Constitution wanted a government strong enough to avoid the difficulties encountered under the... a. British Monarchy. b. Mayflower Compact. c. Bill of Rights. d. Articles of Confederation. e. Townshend Acts.

d. Articles of Confederation.

65. The Supreme Court case Lawrence and Garner v. Texas overturned the previous decision of... a. Roe v. Wade. b. Griswold v. Connecticut. c. Mapp v. Ohio. d. Bowers v. Hardwick. e. Palko v. Connecticut

d. Bowers v. Hardwick.

54. One recent case that illustrates the continuing legal struggles of gay and lesbians for civil rights, in which theSupreme Court did not agree with their point of view, was... a. Bush v. Louganis. b. United States v. DOMA. c. United States v. Windsor. d. Boy Scouts of America v. Dale. e. Obergefell v. Hodges.

d. Boy Scouts of America v. Dale.

31. The territory of Wyoming granted women the right to vote in 1869 and ______ followed as the first state to enfranchise women. a. California b. New York c. Texas d. Colorado e. Nevada

d. Colorado

27. The authors suggest that the most influential vice president has been... a. Walter Mondale. b. Al Gore. c. Richard Nixon. d. Dick Cheney. e. Joseph Biden.

d. Dick Cheney.

8. The __________ has been construed to provide protection for the individual from the actions of a repressive state government. a. First Amendment b. Fifth Amendment c. Ninth Amendment d. Fourteenth Amendment e. Fourth Amendment

d. Fourteenth Amendment

9. The civil rights guarantee of "equal protection of the laws" is located in the... a. Civil Rights Act of 1875. b. Preamble to the Constitution. c. Declaration of Independence. d. Fourteenth Amendment. e. Sixth Amendment.

d. Fourteenth Amendment.

29. ________ was the first case to establish that the Bill of Rights would be applied more broadly than the SupremeCourt initially held. a. Plessy v. Ferguson b. Schenck v. United States c. Near v. Minnesota d. Gitlow v. New York e. Palko v. Connecticut

d. Gitlow v. New York

29. Which of the following arguments has not been raised as a defense of the electoral college? a. It upholds federalism by giving smaller states more voting weight. b. It encourages candidates to campaign on foot and in rural areas. c. It reduces the risk of requiring a nationwide recount of votes. d. Historically, polls show public opinion in favor of keeping it. e. It tends to magnify popular vote victories and further increase the legitimacy of winners.

d. Historically, polls show public opinion in favor of keeping it.

11. A president can be impeached by the _________ and tried and removed from office by the... a. House and Senate; Supreme Court. b. House; House. c. Senate; House. d. House; Senate. e. Senate; Senate.

d. House; Senate.

51. Which of the following is NOT a recent success of the gay and lesbian rights movement in America? a. Barack Obama became the first sitting president to say he supported same-sex marriage. b. Gays and lesbians may now serve openly in the U.S. military. c. Five openly gay members serve in the U. S. House of Representatives and one in the U. S. Senate (113th Congress). d. In 2008 California voters became the first in the nation to reject a ballot initiative that banned same sex marriage. e. In 2003 the highest court in Massachusetts ruled that same-sex couples in that state had a state constitutional right to wed.

d. In 2008 California voters became the first in the nation to reject a ballot initiative that banned same sex marriage.

14. _____ power of the presidency stems from authority that is not clearly specified in the Constitution and results inactions that exceed commonly held notions of the president's authority. a. Regressive b. Formal c. Implied d. Inherent e. Executive

d. Inherent

61. How does the text characterize the Supreme Court today? a. It tends to ally itself with the sitting president. b. It is no longer partisan. c. It rarely follows the public thought. d. It has never been more politically divided. e. It is seen as the be-all in the public eye.

d. It has never been more politically divided.

47. Which of the following is NOT accurate with respect to the ideal, rational decision-making process described by Charles Lindblom? a. It does not reflect how decisions are made in the real world. b. It calls for careful analysis of all possible solutions. c. Administrators are expected to rank values and objectives. d. It represents the typical behavior of government decision-makers. e. Administrators are empowered to choose the alternative that appears to be the most effective means of achieving the desired goal.

d. It represents the typical behavior of government decision-makers.

57. What was the decision in the case of Roe v. Wade? a. It upheld the right of couples to use birth control devices. b. It upheld the right of gay Americans to consenting sexual relationships. c. It denied the right of gay Americans to consenting sexual relationships. d. It upheld the right of women to have abortions. e. It ruled that state laws criminalizing adultery were unconstitutional.

d. It upheld the right of women to have abortions.

32. All of the following were considered part of the "Roosevelt coalition" except... a. middle-class liberals. b. new European ethnic voters. c. Catholics. d. Jews. e. African Americans.

d. Jews.

32. Which of the following presidents failed to win a majority of the popular vote? a. Abraham Lincoln b. Gerald Ford c. Barack Obama d. John F. Kennedy e. Dwight D. Eisenhower

d. John F. Kennedy

7. Which justice famously wrote in the Marbury v. Madison decision, "It is emphatically the province and duty of the judicial department to say what the law is?" a. Thomas Jefferson b. John Jay c. Oliver Ellsworth d. John Marshall e. James Madison

d. John Marshall

55. The significance of the Ninth Amendment remained unexplored until the case of a. Roe v. Wade. b. Palko v. Connecticut. c. Griswold v. Connecticut. d. Mapp v. Ohio. e. Lemon v. Kurtzman.

d. Mapp v. Ohio.

59. __________ made important strides in foreign relations, completing an important arms control agreement with the Soviet Union and beginning negotiations with China, a country with which the United States had no formal prior diplomatic relations. a. John F. Kennedy b. Gerald Ford c. Jimmy Carter d. Richard Nixon e. Harry Truman

d. Richard Nixon

40. While third parties typically do not receive a large percentage of the vote, __________, candidate for president under the Reform Party in 1992, won 19 percent of the popular vote. a. Ron Paul b. Ralph Nader c. Frank Baum d. Ross Perot e. John Edwards

d. Ross Perot

8. The president has the power to appoint all but which of the following? a. federal district and circuit court judges b. ambassadors c. cabinet members d. Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives e. Supreme Court justices

d. Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives

41. What women's rights activist first persuaded a U. S. California senator to introduce a constitutional amendment calling for the right of women to vote? a. Elizabeth Blackwell b. Betty Friedan c. Carrie Nation d. Susan B. Anthony e. Eleanor Roosevelt

d. Susan B. Anthony

42. Which of these scenarios is an example of divided government? a. The federal government imposes a mandate on all state governments. b. Third parties interrupt the election results for democrats and republicans. c. The president decides to veto legislation that has been passed through Congress. d. The elected president is a democrat but Congress is controlled by republicans. e. Gridlock prevents the passage of legislation through Congress.

d. The elected president is a democrat but Congress is controlled by republicans.

1. Which of the following statements is NOT true of the Supreme Court? a. There are only nine seats on the Court. b. The justices have lifetime appointments. c. The justices try to time their departures to give the president of the same party an opportunity to fill their placement. d. The justices try to time their departures to give the president of the opposite party an opportunity to fill their placement. e. The justices are nominated by the president.

d. The justices try to time their departures to give the president of the opposite party an opportunity to fill their placement.

16. The early Republicans (also known as the Democratic Republicans) were led by... a. George Washington. b. John Adams. c. Alexander Hamilton. d. Thomas Jefferson. e. James Madison.

d. Thomas Jefferson.

18. The phrase "wall of separation between church and state" originated with... a. the First Amendment. b. the Bill of Rights. c. the Declaration of Independence. d. Thomas Jefferson. e. the Constitutional Convention.

d. Thomas Jefferson.

18. In the spring of 2016, the last four remaining Republican presidential candidates were... a. Trump, Kasich, Clinton, and Sanders. b. Trump, Carson, Paul, and Radicz. c. Trump, Kasich, Huckabee, and Walker. d. Trump, Cruz, Kasich, and Rubio. e. Trump, Cruz, Sanders, and Fiorina.

d. Trump, Cruz, Kasich, and Rubio.

39. The amendment lowering the voting age to eighteen is the... a. Eighteenth Amendment. b. Nineteenth Amendment. c. Twentieth Amendment. d. Twenty-sixth Amendment. e. Twenty-seventh Amendment.

d. Twenty-sixth Amendment.

32. Presidential appointees in the executive branch fill the top policymaking positions in government, and about at house and of them require... a. U.S. House of Representatives confirmation. b. U.S. Supreme Court confirmation. c. confirmation by two-thirds of both the House and the Senate. d. U.S. Senate confirmation. e. approval from a majority of the other department secretaries.

d. U.S. Senate confirmation.

60. The _______ was intended to force Congress to decide whether committing troops to a war zone is permissible. a. American War Limitation Act b. Presidential War Amendment c. Congressional War Act d. War Powers Resolution e. War Zone Permission Act

d. War Powers Resolution

60. The Democratic Party national committee changed its internal procedures to be more open and inclusive in response to... a. the end of the Civil War and of slavery. b. pressures caused by the Great Depression. c. the 1950s "McCarthy Era" blacklisting of citizens. d. a traumatic 1968 convention following the assassination of Robert Kennedy. e. a desire for more transparency following publicity about surveillance of citizens by the NSA and other national security agencies.

d. a traumatic 1968 convention following the assassination of Robert Kennedy.

41. In a case between a large grocery vendor and the Federal Trade Commission, entities sympathetic to the vendor who are not official parties to the suit file supporting briefs for the vendor's position. This is known as... a. stare decisis. b. a writ of mandamus. c. certiorari. d. amicus curiae. e. infringement.

d. amicus curiae.

44. After the presidential election is over, the winning candidate wants to claim that he has been given __________ by the voters to carry out the policy platform on which he campaigned.a. unlimited power b. veto power over Congress c. executive orders d. an electoral mandate e. the franking privilege

d. an electoral mandate

46. In general today, women politically participate... a. less than men. b. more than men. c. less than men if they are married, but more if they are not. d. at about the same rate as men. e. There is no consistent pattern across different forms of participation.

d. at about the same rate as men.

7. Most democratic theorists agree that a modern nation-state cannot practice democracy without... a. negative campaigning. b. unlimited campaign contributions. c. one dominant party consistently winning national elections. d. at least two political parties regularly contesting elections. e. a parliamentary system.

d. at least two political parties regularly contesting elections.

30. The 2015 Location Privacy Protection Act is an example of an issue the appeared on the Congressional agenda as a result of... a. tech industry lobbying. b. intelligence community concerns. c. increased risk of terrorism. d. availability of new technologies. e. WikiLeaks.

d. availability of new technologies.

54. Over time, political parties in Congress have... a. become more inclusive of varying ideological perspectives. b. tended to become more and more similar, giving voters fewer legitimate choices. c. found it easier to identify common ground. d. become more ideologically distinct. e. largely abandoned traditional ideological viewpoints.

d. become more ideologically distinct.

11. In the years after the Civil War, former slave states enacted ____________, attempting to restrict the freedoms of blacks. a. constitutional amendments b. civil rights legislation c. set-asides d. black codes e. jurisdiction laws

d. black codes

63. Elections, as an institutional mechanism... a. have no perceptible effect on policies and actions of governments. b. diminish the power and authority of the state. c. encourage the citizenry to engage in other kinds of political participation. d. bolster the power and authority of the state. e. equalize segments of the population.

d. bolster the power and authority of the state.

2. A large, complex organization in which employees have specific job responsibilities and work within a hierarchy of authority is a(n)... a. office. b. business. c. government. d. bureaucracy. e. organization.

d. bureaucracy.

17. When President Lincoln instituted a blockade of southern ports, thereby committing an act of war, he did so... a. under his constitutional power as commander in chief. b. under emergency powers granted by the Constitution. c. under his constitutional power to tax and spend for the general welfare. d. by claiming inherent powers to preserve the Union. e. constitutionally with the authority of Congress.

d. by claiming inherent powers to preserve the Union.

33. An important issue on which Vice President Dick Cheney influenced George W. Bush was... a. eliminating the use of drones in covert warfare. b. ending the war in Viet Nam. c. planning the "Bay of Pigs" invasion. d. championing the war in Iraq. e. severely scaling back the NSA's secret electronic surveillance program.

d. championing the war in Iraq.

11. The most controversial expansion of the president's power, in attempting to set the nation's policy agenda, has come through the... a. veto power. b. appointment power. c. pardon power. d. commander in chief power. e. legislative power.

d. commander in chief power.

26. Franklin D. Roosevelt exemplified the _____ style of organizing the White House when he organized a staff that had overlapping authority and different points of view. a. hierarchical b. collegial staffing c. loose d. competitive management e. tiered focus

d. competitive management

51. Agreement with a judgment for different reasons from those set forth in the majority opinion is known as... a. dissent. b. judicial activism. c. judicial restraint. d. concurrence. e. judicial review.

d. concurrence.

53. An advertisement that criticizes an opponent and advocates policies of the sponsoring candidate is an example of a(n) __________ ad. a. negative b. dilatory c. flip-flop d. contrast e. attack

d. contrast

60. On issues of high visibility and great concern to constituents, members of Congress are most likely to behave as... a. tribunes. b. trustees. c. advertisers. d. delegates. e. insiders

d. delegates.

65. In 2011 congressional parties formally banned _________, which are pork-barrel projects that benefit specific districts or states. a. categorical funds b. bylines c. redactions d. delineations e. earmarks

d. delineations

26. If you believe that citizens are most effectively represented by legislators who have similar demographic characteristics -- such as being the same race, religion, or gender, -- then you have a belief in _____ representation .a. finite b. definitive c. formal d. descriptive e. general

d. descriptive

12. The poll tax that was first imposed in Georgia in 1877 was a way to prohibit _____ from voting. a. farmers b. suffragette women c. white men d. disenfranchised blacks e. immigrants

d. disenfranchised blacks

26. Charles Schenck, the defendant in Schenck v. United States, was charged with... a. speaking against the president in public places. b. pipe-bombing a federal building. c. burning the flag. d. disrupting military recruitment by distributing leaflets claiming that the draft was unconstitutional. e. distributing pornographic material.

d. disrupting military recruitment by distributing leaflets claiming that the draft was unconstitutional.

48. Title IX is an aspect of an amendment that prohibits sex discrimination in federally aided programs for... a. social security. b. healthcare. c. employee benefits. d. education. e. food stamps.

d. education.

30. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 provided for all of the following except... a. equal access to public accommodations regardless of race, religion, or national origin. b. equal employment opportunities regardless of race. c. withholding federal grants-in-aid from state programs that discriminated on the basis of race. d. elimination of the poll tax as a requirement for voting. e. strengthened voting rights legislation.

d. elimination of the poll tax as a requirement for voting.

65. One significant difficulty with assessing the effectiveness of government agencies is that government often allows them to set their own standards for what constitutes acceptable outcomes. One way in which this can be fixed is to... a. give initial grants offered to states where the problems are too big to motivate compliance. b. give the federal government sufficient bureaucratic manpower to analyze the data it needs to make good decisions.. c. question the constitutionality of such agencies' agendas. d. ensure evaluations are objective through evidence-based policymaking. e. ensure evaluations are subjective through a focus on the biggest problem-areas first.

d. ensure evaluations are objective through evidence-based policymaking.

48. In his inaugural address, President Ronald Reagan used the term freedom rhetorically to refer to... a. fair court procedures. b. economic and social equality. c. halting Communism in Southeast Asia. d. ensuring a minimal level of government involvement in day-to-day life. e. equality.

d. ensuring a minimal level of government involvement in day-to-day life.

51. In Mapp v. Ohio, a case that involved the conviction of a woman for possession of obscene material found during an illegal search for a fugitive, the Supreme Court... a. ruled that illegally obtained evidence could be used in state courts but not in federal courts. b. refused to incorporate the illegal search and seizure protection under the Fourteenth Amendment. c. ruled that state police were not bound by due process guarantees. d. extended the federal exclusionary rule to state courts. e. threw out the conviction.

d. extended the federal exclusionary rule to state courts.

28. Today, there are _________ cabinet departments. a. four b. eight c. twelve d. fifteen e. twenty-six

d. fifteen

34. Words that "inflict injury or tend to incite an immediate breach of peace" are... a. still protected by the First Amendment. b. treason and not subject to First Amendment protection. c. words that hurt, but still protected by the First Amendment. d. fighting words, which do not convey ideas and are not subject to First Amendment protection. e. symbolic speech and protected by the First Amendment.

d. fighting words, which do not convey ideas and are not subject to First Amendment protection.

55. When considering the endurance of political beliefs in America, it can be said that Americans tend to... a. change their political belief based on the nominee. b. adjust their political followings based on personal income. c. disagree with the political beliefs of their families. d. find their political niche and stay there. e. determine their political following once they start paying taxes.

d. find their political niche and stay there.

15. The Constitution's _____________ clause prevents the government from interfering with religious practice. a. establishment b. essential freedoms c. nondiscrimination d. free-exercise e. miranda

d. free-exercise

1. Companies such as DraftKings and Fan Duel have argued that fantasy sports are _________ and therefore... a. gambling; illegal under federal law. b. individual games; not illegal under federal law. c. games of luck; illegal under federal law. d. games of skill; not illegal under federal law. e. gambling; under the control of state government.

d. games of skill; not illegal under federal law.

57. Presidents travel frequently to fund-raise for congressional candidates. In addition to helping elect more members of their party, they also do this to... a. meet with fundraisers for their own future campaigns. b. meet with constituents, which helps them the next time they need to "go public." c. get a bump in approval ratings. d. get the gratitude of legislators. e. get future Court nominees appointed with ease.

d. get the gratitude of legislators.

22. Government corporations are best described as... a. businesses that have gone bankrupt and have been taken over by the government. b. agencies that privately see to the personal needs of high-level bureaucrats. c. business enterprises that the government has seized because of failure to pay taxes. d. government agencies that provide services that could be provided by the private sector. e. government partnerships with private industry.

d. government agencies that provide services that could be provided by the private sector.

63. Although prosecutors dropped charges against Michael Hardwick, his case came before the Supreme Court because... a. a judge insisted that he be tried. b. protests throughout the South forced a trial. c. a newly elected prosecutor bowed to the Religious Right and reinstated the charges. d. he brought a suit challenging the constitutionality of a law. e. interest groups filed a suit on his behalf.

d. he brought a suit challenging the constitutionality of a law.

60. Congress and the states moved quickly to pass the Twenty-sixth Amendment, which lowered the voting age to eighteen, because they... a. recognized the justice of the student antiwar and civil rights movements. b. knew that student voter turnout would be low. c. expected the new voters to change the political balance of power drastically. d. hoped to channel student energy away from demonstrations and toward more conventional forms of participation. e. realized the unfairness of the discrepancy between the military draft age and the voting age.

d. hoped to channel student energy away from demonstrations and toward more conventional forms of participation.

39. The Socialist Party advocated for... a. splitting off from the Republican party. b. farm-labor issues. c. splitting off from the Democratic party. d. ideological protest. e. religious issues.

d. ideological protest.

56. Putting specific policies into operation is known as... a. policy development. b. the policy process. c. incrementalism. d. implementation. e. bureaucratization.

d. implementation

50. Ronald Reagan's declaration that "Government __________." foreshadowed his administration's policies in the area of social service programs such as the Job Corps. a. is the answer b. has failed needy Americans c. should be the leader d. is the problem e. has a moral duty to provide for everyone

d. is the problem

46. The judicial decision in a court case is called the... a. defendant. b. plaintiff. c. ideology. d. judgment. e. plea.

d. judgment.

36. Perhaps the most difficult obstacle presidents face when attempting to influence public opinion is the a. unwillingness of the media to cover the president's statements. b. high level of partisanship in the electorate. c. complexity of modern domestic policymaking. d. lack of serious attention by the public. e. cultural tendency of Americans to resist centralized authority.

d. lack of serious attention by the public.

53. In Riley v. California, a unanimous Supreme Court held that... a. if police fail to "knock and announce" evidence may still be admissible in court. b. evidence obtained through police negligence may still be admissible in court. c. law enforcement can search people's phones just like they might search people's pockets. d. law enforcement could not search data in someone's smart phone without first obtaining a warrant. e. if police confiscate materials on the basis of a mistakenly issued warrant, that those materials are inadmissible in court.

d. law enforcement could not search data in someone's smart phone without first obtaining a warrant.

64. Because it depends term-113on mass participation in politics, majoritarianism tends to... a. enhance individual freedom. b. favor the less wealthy. c. minimize the impact of differences in socioeconomic status. d. limit individual freedom. e. disproportionately advantage politically-motivated individuals.

d. limit individual freedom.

54. In Oregon, everyone votes by a. telephone. b. Internet. c. electronic devices. d. mail. e. raising their hand.

d. mail.

24. During the Jacksonian Era, parties had to appeal to much larger numbers of voters, and one response was a shift from selecting candidates in a closed caucus of party representatives in Congress to using _________ to select presidential candidates. a. open party caucuses b. national primaries c. state-by-state primaries d. national conventions e. open congressional caucuses

d. national conventions

5. A(n) _____ is a designation as an official candidate of a political party. a. referendum... b. initiative c. gatekeeper d. nomination e. mandate

d. nomination

41. According to the text, if the criterion is ___________, America has the best and most democratic government in the world. a. amount of political information available to voters b. effectiveness of politicians and the political system c. degree of public participation in all types of political activities d. number of elections held e. history of responsive governance

d. number of elections held

41. The phrase "divided government" refers to... a. Democrats and Republicans agreeing on a coalition government. b. the separation of powers among the three branches. c. specialization in Congress based on committees. d. one party controlling the presidency and another controlling Congress. e. Congress and the president being opposed by the Supreme Court.

d. one party controlling the presidency and another controlling Congress.

61. Someone who asserts that elections "socialize political activity" is contending that elections are mechanisms that maintain... a. freedom. b. majoritarianism. c. equality. d. order. e. independence.

d. order.

33. In its 2011 decision Snyder v. Phelps, the Supreme Court affirmed the right of the Westboro Baptist Church to... a. call for the violent overthrow of the Supreme Court. b. picket Planned Parenthood clinics with images of g*ns. c. distribute leaflets outside IRS offices telling taxpayers they were going to h*ll. d. picket funerals to communicate their belief that God punishes the military for tolerating homosexuality. e. legally remove a statue of the Ten Commandments from a public park if their own tablet reading, "God H*tes America" was not also accepted for display.

d. picket funerals to communicate their belief that God punishes the military for tolerating homosexuality.

65. American political parties operate more in keeping with the ____________ model of democracy. a. majoritarian b. party-centered c. ideological d. pluralist e. idealistic

d. pluralist

56. The "fundraiser in chief" for each party is typically the a. Senate majority leader. b. House majority leader. c. vice president. d. president. e. Speaker of the House.

d. president.

7. A __________ election is a preliminary election conducted within a political party to select candidates who will run for office. a. special b. general c. municipal d. primary e. caucus

d. primary

10. Two-party systems tend to... a. be the only guarantee of a truly stable democratic system. b. characterize most modern democratic political systems. c. be authoritarian. d. promote citizens' ability to replace government leaders. e. provide political stability.

d. promote citizens' ability to replace government leaders.

22. In 2000, Republican George W. Bush won the presidency despite... a. his failure to win his party's nomination. b. winning fewer electoral college votes than Democrat Al Gore. c. not being on the ballot in five states. d. receiving fewer popular votes than Al Gore. e. losing more states than Al Gore.

d. receiving fewer popular votes than Al Gore.

29. The civil service system was created to.... a. ensure equal partisanship in filling government jobs. b. allow greater congressional control of the bureaucracy. c. increase presidential control over the bureaucracy. d. reduce the amount of politics in awarding government jobs. e. discourage incompetent job applicants from seeking government employment.

d. reduce the amount of politics in awarding government jobs.

62. When the government sets limits on ingredients found in prescription medications, it is an example of... a. a referendum. b. deregulation. c. gerrymandering. d. regulation. e. an initiative.

d. regulation.

26. A litigant may appeal a district court verdict if... a. they lose and are unhappy with that outcome. b. the case is of significant public interest. c. another person was believed to be as guilty as the person convicted by the court, but was not charged and tried. d. rulings made by the judge during the trial are at odds with supreme court precedent. e. the defendant was from a different state than the person making the complaint.

d. rulings made by the judge during the trial are at odds with supreme court precedent.

42. Committee members tend to remain with the same committee in order to gain years of consecutive service. This is known as... a. a ranking majority member. b. franking. c. a whip. d. seniority. e. gerrymandering.

d. seniority.

58. The relationship between participation and order is complicated because a. order and participation are inherently contradictory. b. participation promotes order. c. order promotes participation. d. some types of participation promote disorder. e. both are positive values.

d. some types of participation promote disorder.

5. According to the text, violent unconventional political participation is... a. never used in America. b. common during elections in the United States. c. not punished harshly enough. d. sometimes worth the risk. e. unjustifiable.

d. sometimes worth the risk.

4. Upon ratification, the Constitution directed for senators to be chosen by... a. a general election. b. the president. c. the Supreme Court. d. state legislatures. e. existing senators.

d. state legislatures.

25. Which standard used by the Supreme Court when deciding whether a law or policy is constitutional says that the law or policy must be justified by a "compelling governmental interest?" a. amicus brief b. writ of certiorari c. enscription d. strict scrutiny e. Miranda warning

d. strict scrutiny

10. The 1955 Montgomery bus boycott is an example of a(n) a. unsuccessful unconventional political participation. b. indirect action. c. successful conventional political participation. d. successful unconventional political participation. e. unsuccessful conventional political participation.

d. successful unconventional political participation.

15. Serving as an election judge in a nonpartisan election or organizing a holiday parade are examples of a. gatekeeping. b. unconventional participation. c. suffrage. d. supportive behavior. e. influencing behavior.

d. supportive behavior.

50. In an election campaign, _____ determine(s) the content of the messages and the way they are delivered. a. tactics b. strategy c. partisanship d. synergy e. mandates

d. synergy

56. Griswold v. Connecticut, which challenged a Connecticut statute that declared the use of birth control devices a crime, established the principle that... a. birth control is a matter of religious belief and therefore cannot be limited by the state. b. the states are free to restrict matters of personal privacy.c. the Constitution guarantees the right to obtain an abortion. d. the Bill of Rights as a whole creates a zone of personal privacy or autonomy. e. government cannot successfully enact a law for morality.

d. the Bill of Rights as a whole creates a zone of personal privacy or autonomy.

35. A dispute over floor debate procedure in the House would be settled by... a. the House Ways and Means Committee. b. the bill's author. c. unanimous consent. d. the Rules Committee. e. the standing committee from which the bill originated.

d. the Rules Committee.

53. In nearly every other democratic country outside of the United States, the burden of registration is placed on... a. the individual voters. b. political parties. c. community leaders. d. the government. e. private interest groups.

d. the government.

34. One notable feature of first-past-the-post elections is that... a. candidates usually cannot win them unless they capture more than a majority of the popular vote. b. they require at least three candidates running for the same office. c. they originated as a voting system in ancient Greece. d. they produce sizable discrepancies between votes won and seats won. e. they tend to favor candidates with lower name recognition.

d. they produce sizable discrepancies between votes won and seats won.

12. In response to the constant cry for reduction in the size of the bureaucracy, the government typically... a. increases the number of bureaucrats. b. renames programs. c. reorganizes programs so as to conceal their strength and numbers. d. turns over jobs to nonprofit organizations or private contractors. e. looks to big business for additional funding.

d. turns over jobs to nonprofit organizations or private contractors.

9. It takes a _________ vote of Congress to overturn a presidential veto. a. one-third b. majority c. three-fifths d. two-thirds e. three-fourths

d. two-thirds

48. Charles Lindblom considers the rational-comprehensive model of policymaking... a. inspirational. b. comprehensive. c. common. d. unrealistic. e. ideal.

d. unrealistic.

21. The text defines suffrage and franchise as the right to... a. participate. b. speak. c. protest. d. vote. e. rally.

d. vote.

52. The South still casts many votes for Democrats because of the high proportion of.. a. middle-class voters. b. labor union members. c. members of the military. d. Protestants. e. African Americans.

e. African Americans.

15. Who was the leader of the Federalists? a. Aaron Burr b. George Washington c. James Madison d. Thomas Jefferson e. Alexander Hamilton

e. Alexander Hamilton

7. Which of the following was the first known act of unconventional participation in America? a. Revolutionary War b. Declaration of Independence c. civil rights marches of the 1960s d. Shays's Rebellion e. Boston Tea Party

e. Boston Tea Party

15. The Department of ________ is the largest government department in terms of number of employees. a. Homeland Security b. Agriculture c. Health and Human Services d. Commerce e. Defense

e. Defense

13. The __________ party is probably the oldest political party in existence. a. Republican b. British Conservative c. United Russia d. British Whig e. Democratic

e. Democratic

13. The power to declare war resides with the... a. Senate only. b. president only. c. House of Representatives alone. d. Armed Services Committee. e. House and Senate together.

e. House and Senate together.

19. What was the main reason the Brown family brought a lawsuit against the Board of Education in Topeka,Kansas? a. Linda Brown was not allowed to get a drink of water out of the only drinking fountain at the school because she was not white. b. Linda Brown allowed a black student to sit next to her in the school lunchroom. c. Linda Brown boarded a bus that was for black students only. d. Linda Brown was not allowed to ride the same bus as the white children even though they all went to the same school. e. Linda Brown was refused admittance to a white-only school because she was black.

e. Linda Brown was refused admittance to a white-only school because she was black.

49. The statements that police are required to make to a person before that person may be subjected to in-custody questioning are known as... a. cross-examination. b. exclusionary rules. c. interrogations. d. jailhouse rights. e. Miranda warnings.

e. Miranda warnings.

36. Which statement is true about most congressional elections today? a. Incumbents lose reelection most of the time. b. Incumbents don't get much attention from the media. c. Incumbency has no effect on the outcome of elections. d. The challenger does not need to raise a lot of money. e. Most congressional elections are not very competitive.

e. Most congressional elections are not very competitive.

52. ______ is a Supreme Court justice's most critical function. a. Public speaking b. Arguing persuasively in the Court's weekly conferences c. Asking probing questions during oral arguments d. Consulting with lawyers who subsequently submit briefs to the Court e. Opinion

e. Opinion

46. The acronym PAC stands for a. Partial Aid Council. b. Public Acceptance Council. c. Prosper and Control. d. Partisan Able Contracts. e. Political Action Committee.

e. Political Action Committee.

37. Since they were not happy with voting for candidates selected by party leaders, ____________ championed the direct primary. a. African Americans b. democrats c. southern voters d. women e. Progressives

e. Progressives

31. During the decades from the economic depression of the 1890s until the stock market crash in 1929, presidential elections were dominated by the __________ Party. a. Democratic Republican b. Democratic c. Populist d. Whig e. Republican

e. Republican

44. "Independent, expenditures-only political committees" are a legal term by the Federal Elections Committee(FEC) more commonly referred to as... a. political action committees (PACs). b. 501(c)4 social welfare organizations. c. 527 committees. d. independent advocacy organizations (IAOs). e. Super PACs.

e. Super PACs.

1. The _____ Party is not considered a political party. a. Republican b. Democrat c. Libertarian d. Green e. Tea

e. Tea

22. Which country was the first to provide for the general election of representatives through mass suffrage? a. France b. Australia c. Canada d. Great Britain

e. United States

13. Which of the following wars was fought without a formal congressional declaration of war? a. War of 1812 b. Spanish-American War c. World War I d. World War II e. Vietnam War

e. Vietnam War

62. Justice O'Connor outlined the "undue burden" standard for considering state abortion restrictions in... a. Roe v. Wade. b. Bowers v. Hardwick. c. Lawrence and Garner v. Texas. d. Planned Parenthood v. Casey. e. Webster v. Reproductive Health Services.

e. Webster v. Reproductive Health Services.

23. President Nixon's imposition of wage and price controls was an example of a. the constitutional provision that the president "shall regulate the economy." b. an inherent power. c. unconstitutional powers. d. commander in chief powers. e. a congressional delegation of power to the president.

e. a congressional delegation of power to the president.

32. When George Washington formed his first cabinet, it contained all of the following EXCEPT a. a secretary of state. b. an attorney general. c. a secretary of treasurer. d. a secretary of war. e. a secretary of housing.

e. a secretary of housing.

55. Implementation of policies is often difficult because of all of the following reasons EXCEPT... a. the policy to be carried out is not always clearly stated. b. policy directives to bureaucrats sometimes leave them with too much discretion. c. implementation involves many different agencies and layers of government. d. public policy problems can be extremely complex. e. after policies are implemented, they must still undergo the development stage.

e. after policies are implemented, they must still undergo the development stage.

59. Justice Sandra Day O'Connor contributed to the legal debate over abortion by maintaining that state abortion restrictions are permissible provided they do not create... a. parental consent requirements. b. unnecessary information. c. a 24-hour waiting period before an abortion can be performed. d. compelling scrutiny. e. an undue burden.

e. an undue burden.

13. All of the following tactics were used by white southerners to keep blacks from voting in the years after the CivilWar EXCEPT... a. poll taxes b. literacy tests c. grandfather clauses d. intimidation and violence e. black codes

e. black codes

25. The literacy tests that were used in the southern states after 1870 worked primarily against... a. uneducated white men. b. women. c. uneducated women. d. lower class. e. blacks.

e. blacks.

3. An employee of a government unit, who is quite knowledgeable within their narrow area, and works on specific responsibilities and within a hierarchy of authority is known as a... a. leader. b. laborer. c. clinician. d. man in black. e. bureaucrat.

e. bureaucrat.

39. Supreme Court review is granted to a case... a. at the discretion of the chief justice. b. only by an unanimous vote of all justices. c. at the request of any one justice. d. when the district and appellate court rulings disagree. e. by the permission of any four justices.

e. by the permission of any four justices.

35. Presidential political appointees tend to be drawn from all of the following EXCEPT... a. business. b. universities. c. nonprofits. d. government office. e. campaign workers.

e. campaign workers.

23. Work performed by Congressional staff members on behalf of constituents is called... a. franking. b. appropriation. c. unethical influence peddling. d. lobbying. e. casework

e. casework

35. Most requests for cases to be heard by the Supreme Court take the form of petitions for... a. stare decisis. b. lex legis. c. oyez. d. concordance. e. certiorari.

e. certiorari.

58. Migration through which entire extended families established themselves in the U.S. is known as... a. familial migration. b. migration at large. c. mass migration. d. migration quotas. e. chain migration.

e. chain migration.

47. The system by which legislative seats are awarded to a party in proportion to the vote that party wins in an election is called _____ representation. a. majority b. proportional c. bipartisan d. electoral e. common

e. common

20. A state establishes a school voucher program where students or parents can choose to give the voucher money to either secular or religious schools. The Supreme Court is likely to rule this state program... a. unconstitutional, because it can amount to a government establishment of religion. b. unconstitutional, because the voucher program would amount to an excessive entanglement between government and religion. c. constitutional, because it allows a religious student to pursue his or her free exercise to attend a religious school. d. constitutional, because the establishment clause of the Constitution only applies to federal programs and not to state policies. e. constitutional, because the program does not favor religious schools over nonreligious schools when it is the student or parent making the choice.

e. constitutional, because the program does not favor religious schools over nonreligious schools when it is the student or parent making the choice.

55. The standard socioeconomic model recognizes the relationship between socioeconomic status and... a. gender-based political involvement. b. unconventional political involvement. c. incumbency rates. d. political partisanship. e. conventional political involvement.

e. conventional political involvement.

19. A court case that involves a violation of public order -- for example, robbing a bank -- is known as a(n) _____ case. a. privacy b. appellate c. civil d. plea e. criminal

e. criminal

16. The biggest units of the executive branch are termed _________ and are headed by... a. bureaus; vice presidents. b. departments; trustees. c. agencies; aldermen. d. bureaus; trustees. e. departments; secretaries.

e. departments; secretaries.

18. President Harry S. Truman issues an executive order in 1948 that ordered the dismantling of authorized racial segregation of the armed forces. This is an example of... a. the separate-but-equal doctrine. b. gerrymandering. c. racial profiling. d. disenfranchisement. e. desegregation.

e. desegregation.

9. When a leader assembles crowds to confront businesses and local governments to demand a hearing, he or she is engaging in... a. terrorism. b. apathy. c. democracy. d. civil rights.

e. direct action.

23. Each state has one vote in the electoral college for... a. the number of senators and representatives on the federal election nomination committee. b. each of its representatives in the U.S. House. c. every 10,000 registered voters. d. each of its citizens. e. each of its representatives and senators.

e. each of its representatives and senators.

47. Of all the social and economic variables affecting political participation, _________ is the strongest single factor. a. race b. gender c. age d. marital status e. education

e. education

43. The standard socioeconomic model of participation chiefly refers to... a. age, race, and education. b. gender, ethnicity, and income. c. race, income, and religion. d. age, education, and political interest. e. education, income, and occupation.

e. education, income, and occupation.

65. Which of the following is NOT a guideline that determines what a president should do in times of crisis? a. draw on a range of advisers and opinions b. not act in unnecessary haste c. have a well-designed, formal review process, with thorough analysis and open debated. rigorously examine the underlying reasons underlying all options e. expeditiously remove all members from your your Cabinet who fail to engage in Groupthink

e. expeditiously remove all members from your your Cabinet who fail to engage in Groupthink

44. The original wording of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act prohibited employment discrimination based on all of the following except... a. color. b. religion. c. national origin. d. race. e. gender.

e. gender.

61. The role of the national committee is to a. select party leaders. b. raise funds to support Congressional candidates. c. elect members of Congress. d. control the presidential campaign.

e. govern each party between conventions.

23. De jure segregation is segregation that is... a. regional but not national. b. local but not regional. c. pending review by an administrator. d. upheld by the courts. e. government-imposed.

e. government-imposed.

2. At stake in the Marbury v. Madison decision was whether William Marbury... a. was entitled to financial relief for damage to his reputation. b. was eligible for election to the U.S. House of Representatives. c. had been unjustly tried twice for the same offense. d. had committed treason against the United States. e. had a legal right to be hired as a justice of the peace in the District of Columbia.

e. had a legal right to be hired as a justice of the peace in the District of Columbia.

46. As a result of numerous high-profile incidents, at the end of 2009 the Department of Transportation issued regulations that... a. resulted in cost spikes for airline passengers and was repealed within a year. b. led to increased flight delays and missed connections throughout 2010. c. had the unintended consequence of increasing the average tarmac wait. d. led to a wave of airline mergers in the following six months. ee. had the effect of reducing controllable tarmac delays to nearly zero.. had the effect of reducing controllable tarmac delays to nearly zero.

e. had the effect of reducing controllable tarmac delays to nearly zero.

3. All of the following are constitutional requirements for the presidency EXCEPT that the president must... a. be U.S.-born. b. be at least 35 years old. c. have lived in the United States for a minimum of 14 years. d. be a citizen. e. have a college degree.

e. have a college degree.

59. One unintended result of the immigration legislation signed by President Johnson in 1965 was "chain migration,"under which... a. more persons than anticipated from Africa and Asia with specified technical skills or education applied to immigrate. b. some immigrants would reapply for residence repeatedly, making it hard to send them back to their home countries when their visas expired. c. people from certain regions of foreign countries uncovered loopholes in the law allowing many more people than expected from certain villages, for example, to immigrate. d. people repeatedly applied for immigration from different countries until they were successful, using fraudulent documentation that the U.S. immigration system was ill-prepared to evaluate. e. immigrants would petition for their relatives to come to the United States.

e. immigrants would petition for their relatives to come to the United States.

8. Which of the following is NOT one of the political party functions discussed in the chapter? a. nominating candidates b. structuring the voting choice c. coordinating the actions of government officials d. proposing alternative government programs e. increasing the stability of election outcomes

e. increasing the stability of election outcomes

46. President Jimmy Carter noted that the president's singular responsibility was "representing all the people" and blamed _______ for distorting this purpose. a. preferred programs b. wars c. political candidates d. constituents e. interest groups

e. interest groups

51. In 2016, Bernie Sanders clearly followed a(n) ____ strategy when he campaigned against Wall Street and wealth inequality. a. state-centered b. party-centered c. values-oriented d. candidate-oriented e. issues-oriented

e. issues-oriented

19. The program in question in the Lemon v. Kurtzman case in 1971 was struck down by the Supreme Court because... a. two of the justices were unable to hear the case. b. it would require military personnel to reveal their tax records. c. it went against free speech. d. the program was designed to rehabilitate criminals who were a threat to society. e. it would require the government to monitor the program and be entangled with religion.

e. it would require the government to monitor the program and be entangled with religion.

55. If legislation becomes stalled in the Senate, who is responsible for advising the president of the status of the legislation? a. the Cabinet head associated with the legislation b. majority whip c. vice-president of the U.S. d. Speaker of the House e. legislative liaison staff

e. legislative liaison staff

34. Typically, a referenda is placed on the ballot by... a. PACs. b. special interest groups. c. the president. d. voters. e. legislators.

e. legislators.

54. One important reason the president needs to work hard to unify his party is the ____________, which has become much more pronounced recently. a. growth of social media b. increased influence of third parties c. falling population d. sophistication of citizen involvement in the legislative process e. loss of the moderate middle in Congress

e. loss of the moderate middle in Congress

6. In broad terms, to discriminate means to... a. espouse hatred of one particular group. b. to treat people differently based on hostility to members of that particular group. c. to require certain groups to be second-class citizens. d. threaten the civil rights of an individual. e. make or recognize differences.

e. make or recognize differences.

28. Government can impose reasonable restrictions on free speech by limiting the... a. provocative nature of the ideas contained in the speech. b. overtly political content of speech. c. content of religious ideas expressed. d. spreading of anti-government messages. e. means for communicating ideas.

e. means for communicating ideas.

46. Despite coming into the labor force in large numbers during the 1940s, women were paid lower wages than the men they replaced because... a. of the economic burden that most industries were facing during that time. b. of the large number of workers that entered into the workforce (supply and demand). c. corporations faced large tax burdens during the wars. d. of the Women's Working Wages legislation. e. men were expected to be the principal financial providers.

e. men were expected to be the principal financial providers.

42. An example of the broad power available to federal agencies in 2016 was the FDA finalizing new restrictions that for the first time gave it supervision over... a. cigarettes. b. erectile dysfunction medications. c. foods containing Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs). d. foods that have been subject to irradiation. e. modern nicotine delivery devices.

e. modern nicotine delivery devices.

11. Compared with citizens in other democracies, Americans are... a. unwilling to join demonstrations. b. more willing to boycott products. c. more interested in politics. d. less trusting of the government. e. not noticeably apathetic.

e. not noticeably apathetic.

25. Appellate court proceedings may include... a. witnesses. b. juries. c. cross-examination. d. presentation of new evidence. e. oral argument.

e. oral argument.

30. When an election elicits a sharp change in the existing patterns of party loyalty among groups of voters, it is called a(n) _____ election. a. platform b. decisive c. critical d. definitive e. partisan

e. partisan

59. According to democratic theory, the most important factor in determining voter choice in an election should be... a. believability and reliability of the candidate. b. party identification. c. polling results. d. amount of media coverage. e. past performance and proposed policies.

e. past performance and proposed policies.

3. Which of the following best describes the concept of civil rights? a. rights generally accorded all citizens b. political rights of speech and assembly c. rights extended to citizens from legislative action d. guarantees of life, liberty, and property granted to all citizens e. powers and privileges guaranteed to individuals and protected against arbitrary withdrawal by the government or individuals

e. powers and privileges guaranteed to individuals and protected against arbitrary withdrawal by the government or individuals

60. One exception to the general rule, which the Supreme Court does not rule out of line with popular opinion, concerns the Court's decisions on... a. gay marriage. b. federalism. c. capital punishment. d. gun control. e. prayer in public schools.

e. prayer in public schools.

23. Government corporations are most likely to be created when a service is for the public good and... a. the government can make a profit from engaging in it. b. healthy competition exists between government and the private sector. c. there is the danger of corporate monopoly if the government fails to act. d. large numbers of government employees are already trained in the service. e. private industry cannot profitably provide the service.

e. private industry cannot profitably provide the service.

34. Supreme Court cases must... a. pass through district courts. b. involve a constitutional issue. c. resolve a dispute between different state laws. d. begin in state courts. e. raise a federal question.

e. raise a federal question.

43. By most accounts, the justices of the U.S. Supreme Court disapprove of attorneys that... a. attempt to summarize the major points of an argument. b. try to be "conversational." c. are new to the federal system. d. argue aggressively. e. read from a prepared text.

e. read from a prepared text.

35. The ____ was backed by the Progressives as they wanted a mechanism to remove elected officials from office. a. proposition b. referendum c. initiative d. pocket veto e. recall

e. recall

27. The purpose of the Pendleton Act of 1883 was to... a. provide public funding for presidential campaigns. b. create the Central Intelligence Agency. c. create government corporations. d. establish the Justice Department. e. reduce patronage by creating a civil service.

e. reduce patronage by creating a civil service.

64. During the Cuban missile crisis, President Kennedy privately signaled to Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev that if the Soviet Union withdrew its missiles from Cuba, the United States would... a. leave Cuba. b. leave NATO. c. remove missiles from Europe. d. remove missiles from Alaska. e. remove missiles from Turkey.

e. remove missiles from Turkey.

1. In the modern political system, candidates _____ rely on political parties to conduct a campaign. a. heavily b. never c. typically d. often e. seldom

e. seldom

38. The so-called "super committee" created in 2011 to issue recommendations for reducing the deficit, which included members from both the House and Senate, is an example of a(n)... a. standing committee. b. subcommittee. c. joint committee. d. conference committee. e. select committee.

e. select committee.

47. The Supreme Court does not require that state juries have twelve members. It permits jury sizes to vary but has said that the minimum number needed for a jury is... a. two. b. ten. c. five. d. eight. e. six.

e. six.

27. The bias in favor of existing decisions is captured by the Latin expression... a. dura lex, sed lex. b. voir dire. c. bona fide. d. ab ovo. e. stare decisis.

e. stare decisis.

32. Bills are assigned to committees primarily on the basis of... a. the president's recommendation. b. a vote among members of the political party. c. a hierarchy of committees expressing an interest in the legislation. d. taking turns among committee chairs who request the legislation be assigned to their committee. e. subject matter jurisdiction.

e. subject matter jurisdiction.

3. With its ruling in the case Marbury v. Madison, the U.S. Supreme Court established... a. the right of federal courts to hear state disputes. b. the power of Congress to create additional federal courts. c. the authority of the president to use a line-item veto on appropriations. d. that state courts could not apply federal laws. e. that the courts could review laws to determine whether they conflicted with the Constitution.

e. that the courts could review laws to determine whether they conflicted with the Constitution.

49. Often, the theoretically correct, or rational, policy is NOT enacted because... a. administrators lack the discretion to adopt rational policies. b. bureaucrats, as humans, behave irrationally. c. administrative rules hinder consideration of all options. d. the policy will result in too much job loss. e. the "right" policy is politically unacceptable.

e. the "right" policy is politically unacceptable.

16. The New Hampshire presidential primary gathers the lion's share of political and media attention because a. the New Hampshire primary is the last one to occur each election year. b. New Hampshire's population is a good cross-section of the entire nation. c. New Hampshire has more restrictive campaign laws than other states. d. New Hampshire is a large, populous state. e. the New Hampshire primary is the first one to occur each election year.

e. the New Hampshire primary is the first one to occur each election year.

45. Which party of ideological protest is best known for arguing against government action in society? a. the Socialist Party b. the Libertarian Party c. the Labor Party d. the Green Party e. the Populist Party

e. the Populist Party

55. Which of the following is NOT identified in the text as an important "external source of influence" on Congress? a. political parties b. the president c. constituents d. interest groups e. the court system

e. the court system

11. Perhaps the most significant fact about primary elections in congressional politics today is a. the stangnation of the primary process. b. the banning candidates declared to be "extremist" from party races. c. the increasing cost of entry into primaries. d. the increase in competition for party nominations. e. the decline in competition for party nominations.

e. the decline in competition for party nominations.

52. By law, the U.S. presidential election occurs... a. the last Wednesday in October. b. the first Thursday in November. c. the last Monday in November. d. the second Tuesday in November. e. the first Tuesday after the first Monday in November.

e. the first Tuesday after the first Monday in November.

20. An incumbent advantage that permits members of Congress to keep in touch with constituents by sending mailings at the taxpayer's expense is known as... a. casework. b. reciprocity. c. gerrymandering. d. communication allowance. e. the franking privilege.

e. the franking privilege.

57. Among the important reasons government programs are not implemented successfully is that... a. bureaucrats are only looking out for themselves and don't work to successfully implement programs. b. laws are usually written with the needs of political contributors, rather than the public, in mind. c. so many people don't pay their taxes that the government doesn't have adequate funding for public programs. d. very few people really want to be helped by the government; they'd rather just work out their problems on their own. e. the government sometimes attempts to implement programs that are not well-suited to bureaucracies.

e. the government sometimes attempts to implement programs that are not well-suited to bureaucracies.

39. According to former House Speaker Tip O'Neill, there are four parts to any campaign. Which of the following is NOT one of the critical parts of campaigns? a. the candidate b. the campaign organization c. the issues of the candidate d. the money to run the campaign e. the incumbent

e. the incumbent

36. The freedom of the press is especially salient when... a. the government is highly polarized. b. there is a presidential election. c. there is a congressional election. d. there is a terrorist attack. e. the nation is at war.

e. the nation is at war.

12. Presidential vetoes tend to increase when... a. it is the president's second term. b. the Supreme Court exercises judicial review with some frequency. c. members of the House and Senate are facing an election. d. the legislation involves civil rights. e. the opposite party controls Congress.

e. the opposite party controls Congress.

53. Federal judges are appointed by... a. the Speaker of the House. b. the Supreme Court. c. voters in a general election. d. Congress. e. the president.

e. the president.

12. Where in the Constitution are political parties discussed? a. Article I : The Legislative Branch b. Article II : The Executive Branch c. the Preambled. throughout the Constitution

e. they are not discussed in the Constitution

58. Which voting behavior by a representative indicates delegate behavior? a. voting with the representative's party on an issue b. voting with the president on a bill if the president promises to campaign for that representative at reelection time c. voting the way the representative thinks best, even if the vote is against the wishes of a large number of constituents d. trading votes on an issue of low importance with another House member to gain a voting favor on another bill e. voting according to the results of a telephone survey regarding the preference of district constituents

e. voting according to the results of a telephone survey regarding the preference of district constituents

62. The majoritarian model of democracy favors... a. both conventional and unconventional forms of participation. b. unconventional forms of participation. c. resourceful individuals seeking particularized benefits. d. better-educated, wealthier citizens. e. voting as the primary means of participation.

e. voting as the primary means of participation.