POS Chapter 7—Human Rights and Human Security

31) The UN Department of Peacekeeping Operations noted in a 2000 report Feedback: Question type: factual Page reference: 297 a. the need for more women as peacekeepers. b. the need for fewer women as peacekeepers. c. more peacekeepers from the P-5 member-states. d. the need for aggressive intervention in the Maghreb region.

a. the need for more women as peacekeepers.

37) The concept of humanitarian intervention was endorsed by the report of the UN Secretary-General's High-Level Panel on Threats, Challenges and Change called Feedback: Question type: factual Page reference: 300 a. Counter-restrictionists and Nation-state Human Rights Violations. b. A More Secure World. c. The P-5 Must Lead: Humanitarian Intervention for the New Millennium. d. Millennial Guidelines for Intervention.

b. A More Secure World.

1) Where did the modern concept of individual human rights develop? a. United States b. Europe c. East Asia d. Oceania

b. Europe

9) What document was instrumental in establishing the political practice of extracting charters of liberties? Feedback: Question type: factual Page reference: 272 a. Royal Proclamation 1763 b. Magna Carta 1215 c. Universal Declaration of Human Rights 1948 d. Port Huron Statement

b. Magna Carta 1215

10) What thinker pointed to the way in which the liberal position on rights stresses property rights to the advantage of the rich and powerful? Feedback: Question type: factual Page reference: 272 a. G. W. F. Hegel b. Jeremy Bentham c. Karl Marx d. John Locke

c. Karl Marx

22) Roughly how many people have become what the United Nations calls "internally displaced persons" as a result of the Syrian civil war? Feedback: Question type: applied Page reference: 281 a. 925,000 b. 1.65 million c. 4.8 million d. 6.6 million

c. 4.8 million

4) By the end of 2017, close to __________ individuals were forcibly displaced (as refugees and IDPs) across the globe. Feedback: Question type: applied Page reference: 281 a. 25 million b. 6 million c. 70 million d. 1 billion

c. 70 million

29) Genocidal violence has occurred in which of the following countries in the 1990s? Feedback: Question type: factual Page reference: 284 a. Rwanda and Canada b. Bosnia and New Zealand c. Rwanda and Yugoslavia d. Kosovo and Germany

c. Rwanda and Yugoslavia

24) __________ is the belief that no one is secure until all people are secure from threats of war. Feedback: Question type: conceptual Page reference: 282 a. Common safety b. Collected security c. Common security d. Solidarist security

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Type: multiple choice question 35) French president François Mitterrand was allegedly fearful that an RPF victory in French-speaking Rwanda would result in the country coming under the influence of Feedback: Question type: factual Page reference: 285 a. the United States. b. Anglophones. c. Germany. d. China.

Anglophones

26) What is the most common kind of conflict after 1991? Feedback: Question type: factual Page reference: 283 a. intrastate b. extrastate c. nonstate d. refugee-driven

a. intrastate

16) As opposed to national security, human security takes __________ as its focus. Feedback: Question type: conceptual Page reference: 279 a. the individual b. the collective c. the sovereign d. groups

a. the individual

54) __________ is the notion that, until all people are secure from threats of war, no one is secure. Feedback: Question type: conceptual Page reference: 282 a. Common security b. Security dilemma c. Cold War d. Balance of power

a. Common security

11) What convention saw the Great Powers accept an obligation to end the slave trade? Feedback: Question type: factual Page reference: 274 a. Congress of Vienna 1815 b. Brussels Convention 1890 c. Hague Conventions 1907 d. Slavery Convention 1926

a. Congress of Vienna 1815

47) The International Criminal Court brought charges of genocide against President Omar al-Bashir because of actions in the __________ region of __________. Feedback: Question type: factual Page reference: 287 a. Darfur . . . Sudan b. Kandahar . . . Afghanistan c. Kashmir . . . the Pakistan-Indian frontier d. Patagonia . . . Argentina

a. Darfur . . . Sudan

58) __________ is the use of military force by external actors to end a humanitarian threat to people within a sovereign state. Feedback: Question type: conceptual Page reference: 283 a. Humanitarian intervention b. Mass termination c. R2P d. Increase the Peace

a. Humanitarian intervention

39) What state objected to the universalism of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948? Feedback: Question type: factual Page reference: 277 a. Russia b. The United States c. Saudi Arabia d. Myanmar

a. Russia

51) A nineteenth-century European discourse about which values and norms made a country "civilized" or "uncivilized" was called Feedback: Question type: applied Page reference: 275 a. Standards of Civilization. b. the Barbary Code. c. the Culture Club of Europe. d. the Progress of Refinement Ethic.

a. Standards of Civilization.

33) The International Criminal Court was established on July 1, 2002, with its headquarters in __________, although its proceedings may take place __________. Feedback: Question type: factual Page reference: 301 a. The Hague, Netherlands . . . anywhere b. Rome, Italy . . . in The Hague, Netherlands c. Geneva, Switzerland . . . anywhere d. The Hague, Netherlands . . . only when the Secretary General authorizes a session

a. The Hague, Netherlands . . . anywhere

17) Booth contends that we may not be able to agree about what constitutes __________ but we can probably agree on what is __________. Feedback: Question type: conceptual Page reference: 290 a. a human right . . . a human wrong b. intervention . . . not necessary in global politics c. Benthamite sovereignty . . . Hobbesian localism d. rectitude . . . integrity

a. a human right . . . a human wrong

28) The liberal feminist model of human rights seeks to Feedback: Question type: factual Page reference: 298 a. extend the rights of men to women. b. extend the rights of all people extended to include transgendered people. c. create an entirely new paradigm of personhood. d. actively promote Bentham's model of person responsibilities and rights.

a. extend the rights of men to women.

43) NATO intervened in Kosovo for humanitarian reasons and for the members' national self-interest. The latter includes Feedback: Question type: factual Page reference: 286 a. fear of refugees from the conflict fleeing to Western Europe for asylum. b. NATO had armed the Serb militias and wanted to suppress that information. c. promotion of the Halstedt Doctrine. d. none of the above

a. fear of refugees from the conflict fleeing to Western Europe for asylum.

7) Which generation of human rights protects the individual from the potential abuses of the state? Feedback: Question type: applied Page reference: 275 a. first b. second c. third d. fourth

a. first

34) The four justifications for invoking the Responsibility to Protect (R2P) are Feedback: Question type: applied Page reference: 302 a. genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing, and crimes against humanity. b. genocide, crimes against persons, ethnic cleansing, mass murder. c. genocide, sexual violence, ethnic cleansing, crimes against humanity. d. Genocide, use of WMD, ethnic cleansing, war crimes.

a. genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing, and crimes against humanity.

32) Globalization has __________ leaders of countries to assert that national cultural norms are more important than global standards of behavior. Feedback: Question type: factual Page reference: 299 a. made it more difficult for b. made it easier for c. neither made it easier not made it more difficult for d. had no effect whatsoever for

a. made it more difficult for

19) According to the United Nations, the punishment of genocide is a(n) Feedback: Question type: applied Page reference: 300 a. matter for states to resolve outside the UN system. b. international concern. c. historical fact. d. uniquely Western European problem.

a. matter for states to resolve outside the UN system.

48) What is the principle that external powers should not intervene in the domestic affairs of sovereign states? Feedback: Question type: conceptual Page reference: 274 a. nonintervention b. democratic peace theory c. sovereignty d. indivisibility of territorial borders

a. nonintervention

2) UN Resolution 2272 was designed to address a problem linked to UN peacekeeping operations. What was that problem? a. sexual assault and abuse that the UN peacekeepers committed b. food shortages in the Horn of Africa region c. the end of the Qaddafi regime in Libya d. human rights abuses committed in the ongoing war in Syria

a. sexual assault and abuse that the UN peacekeepers committed

14) "Asian values," as a response to Western "human rights," places prime importance on Feedback: Question type: conceptual Page reference: 289 a. the family. b. state rights. c. cultural rights. d. sovereignty.

a. the family.

18) What is the term used for including nonmilitary matters in security studies? Feedback: Question type: conceptual Page reference: 276 a. Widening Scholars b. "securitizing" c. broadening d. "securifying"

b. "securitizing"

41) When political power interests are disguised as humanitarianism, this can lead to Feedback: Question type: applied Page reference: 285 a. forcible humanitarian intervention. b. abuse. c. murderous states. d. failed states.

b. abuse.

55) Which term means the security of people, including their physical safety, their economic and social well-being, respect for their dignity, and the protection of their human rights? Feedback: Question type: conceptual Page reference: 279 a. natural rights b. human security c. humanitarianism d. human rights

b. human security

50) The belief that humans have inherent rights that the state has a responsibility to protect is called Feedback: Question type: conceptual Page reference: 273 a. natural law. b. liberal account of human rights. c. reductio ad absurdum. d. progressive account of human rights law.

b. liberal account of human rights.

57) What concept asserts that there are common moral standards that govern all human relations and that these common standards can be discerned by the application of reason to human affairs? Feedback: Question type: conceptual Page reference: 272 a. common law b. natural law c. liberal account of human rights d. human security

b. natural law

44) Despite its __________, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights by the UN General Assembly in 1948 is, symbolically, __________. Feedback: Question type: conceptual Page reference: 276 a. precise and binding rules . . . an artifact of a previous era b. nonbinding status . . . the baseline for future human rights promotion c. precise and binding rules . . . the baseline for future human rights promotion d. declamatory status and . . . an artifact of a previous era

b. nonbinding status . . . the baseline for future human rights promotion

12) The international community rarely acts on human rights cases unless __________ is engaged. Feedback: Question type: applied Page reference: 292 a. the international community b. public opinion c. the Security Council d. the United States

b. public opinion

3) Second-generation human rights cover Feedback: Question type: conceptual Page reference: 277 a. free speech, freedom of religion, and voting rights. b. social, economic, and cultural rights. c. the right to natural resources, the right to self-determination, the right to clean air, and the right to communicate. d. freedom from fear, freedom from want, and the rule of law.

b. social, economic, and cultural rights.

38) Realist scholars often assert that states reject humanitarian intervention because states only pursue Feedback: Question type: applied Page reference: 285 a. terrorists. b. their national interest. c. hegemony. d. viable resources.

b. their national interest.

23) The current human rights crisis that Rohingya refugees face is the result of which factor? Feedback: Question type: factual Page reference: 282 a. the general lack of Human Capital Resources (HCR) to support the Rohingya b. The Rohingya are Buddhists living in a primarily Muslims country whose leaders are engaging in what is called "ethnic cleansing." c. The Rohingya are Muslims living in a primarily Buddhists country whose leaders are engaging in what is called "ethnic cleansing." d. not enough "Nansen Passports" are available

c. The Rohingya are Muslims living in a primarily Buddhists country whose leaders are engaging in what is called "ethnic cleansing."

42) Which institution essentially controls whether R2P will be successfully invoked? Feedback: Question type: applied Page reference: 303 a. ICJ b. UN General Assembly c. UN Security Council d. ICC

c. UN Security Council

6) In the past half-century, the "international human rights regime" has grown up around the idea that individuals possess rights simply by virtue of sharing in Feedback: Question type: conceptual Page reference: 287 a. being alive. b. community. c. common humanity. d. the global commons.

c. common humanity.

27) According to the Human Security Center, __________ might have caused a global decrease in armed conflict. Feedback: Question type: factual Page reference: 294-95 a. fewer refugees b. UAV attacks c. growing democratization and economic interdependence d. the end of the war in Iraq

c. growing democratization and economic interdependence

53) What is the idea that it is possible to improve the lives of people? Feedback: Question type: applied Page reference: 280 a. progress and development b. standards of civilization c. human development d. economic development

c. human development

36) Kofi Annan says that national sovereignty has to be weighed and balanced against __________ when considering intervention. Feedback: Question type: applied Page reference: 302 a. international law b. the offending state's conduct c. individual sovereignty d. R2P

c. individual sovereignty

40) What are inalienable rights such as life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness? Feedback: Question type: conceptual Page reference: 272 a. universal rights b. essential rights c. the Bill of Rights d. human rights

c. the Bill of Rights

45) Two NGOs that provide specialized humanitarian assistance include Feedback: Question type: applied Page reference: 300-301 a. The Red Cross and the UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR). b. UNICEF and Doctors Without Borders. c. the International Committee of the Red Cross and Médecins Sans Frontières. d. UN Development Fund for Women (UNIFEM) and Oxfam.

c. the International Committee of the Red Cross and Médecins Sans Frontières.

15) The International Criminal Court (ICC) is sometimes called Feedback: Question type: factual Page reference: 300 a. an arm of US foreign policy. b. the Karlsruhe Criminal Court, for the city where it is based. c. the court of last resort. d. weak, ineffective, and because it can only prosecute crimes committed before July 1, 2002.

c. the court of last resort.

59) In conflicts since 1991, civilian casualties constitute __________ of deaths. Feedback: Question type: factual Page reference: 295 a. less than 10 b. 20% to 25% c. 45% to 50% d. 80% to 85%

d. 80% to 85%

25) Protests and revolutionary uprisings that began in Tunisia in 2010 with a desire for more democratic political systems and more equitable economic systems collectively refer to the Feedback: Question type: factual Page reference: 283 a. Arab Revolution b. Middle East Uprising c. Arab Awakening d. Arab Spring

d. Arab Spring

30) The tangible ways in which NGOs contribute to human security include Feedback: Question type: applied Page reference: 301 a. providing a channel for relief operations. b. ensuring proper treatment of prisoners of war. c. promoting sustainable development. d. all of the above

d. all of the above

60) Globalization has made it more difficult for leaders of countries to assert that national cultural norms are more important than global standards of behavior. For example, __________ penetrate/s national borders and erode/s traditional values. Feedback: Question type: conceptual Page reference: 299 a. transnational corporations b. the globalized entertainment industry c. the United Nations d. all of the above

d. all of the above

49) Rights written into a constitution are called _________ rights. Feedback: Question type: conceptual Page reference: 272 a. state's b. human c. natural d. charter

d. charter

20) Freedom from want and freedom from __________ are the two competing paradigms of human security. Feedback: Question type: conceptual Page reference: 302 a. constraints b. exploitation c. violence d. fear

d. fear

13) The liberal position on rights is based on a particular account of Feedback: Question type: applied Page reference: 274 a. the Enlightenment. b. universalism. c. human history. d. human dignity.

d. human dignity.

52) "Human security" includes all of the following except Feedback: Question type: conceptual Page reference: 279 a. physical safety. b. economic and social well-being. c. respect for a person's dignity. d. military security.

d. military security.

5) In nineteenth-century England, Richard Cobden was critical of traditional diplomacy but supported the norm of nonintervention because a. the norm had originated in France and like Edmund Burke, Cobden embraced ideas from the French Revolution. b. English radical liberals were opposed to ideas such as universal suffrage and ending poll taxes. c. the norm originated in Moghol India, a state with which the English government was seeking an alliance against Safavid Iran. d. moral arguments in support of interventions were motivated by power politics and mischief making.

d. moral arguments in support of interventions were motivated by power politics and mischief making.

46) The idea that humans have an essential nature that dictates that certain kinds of human goods are always and everywhere desired is called Feedback: Question type: applied Page reference: 272 a. individual human rights. b. liberal account of human rights. c. humanitarian idealism. d. natural law.

d. natural law.

8) The theory of rights in the Middle Ages rested on the idea of Feedback: Question type: conceptual Page reference: 272 a. clemency. b. royal privilege. c. common law. d. natural law.

d. natural law.

56) The Congress of Vienna states sought to ban which of the following? Feedback: Question type: conceptual Page reference: 276 a. mass termination b. genocide c. holocaust d. slave trade

d. slave trade

21) What is required for human development? Feedback: Question type: conceptual Page reference: 279-280 a. international intervention b. moderate climate c. access to the internet d. societal participation, sufficient material resources for a decent standard of living, and education

d. societal participation, sufficient material resources for a decent standard of living, and education