Pos psych - Book notes Ch. 7 (pg. 267 - 301)

In 1960, Mowrer addressed the prevailing thoughts about emotions undermining intelligence by suggesting that emotion was, in fact?

"a high order of intelligence"

The power of emotions traditionally was described in such negative terms as ?

"the beast within"

what is coping effort broken down into?

2 types Problem focused emotion focused

Emotional intelligence: ?

According to Salovey and Mayer's four-branch ability model, the skills (1) to perceive and express feelings; (2) to use emotions and emotional understanding to facilitate thinking; (3) to understand complex emotions, relationships among emotions, and relationships between emotions and behavioral consequences; and (4) to manage emotions.

Emotional avoidance:?

Active movement away from, rather than toward, a stressful or emotional encounter.

Emotional approach: ?

Active movement toward, rather than away from, a stressful or emotional encounter.

Lu and Gilmour (2004) assert that less intense emotional expression is more culturally normative and thus more functional for ________ individuals. Further, it is more common for ________ individuals to be dialectical in their emotional experience, such that they more commonly experience a positive correlation between positive and negative affect in comparison to Westerners

Asian

a study found that _________ seem to be "culturally trained to down-regulate emotional processing when required to suppress emotion"

Asians (not shown in Euro Americans)

The ability to... Identify emotions in a persons physical and psychologal states identify emotions in other people express emotions accurately and to express needs related to them Ability to discriminate between authentic and inauthentic emotions These demonstrate what branch?

Branch 1 : Perceiving Emotions

Ability to identify emotion in a person's physical and psychological states Ability to identify emotions in other people Ability to express emotions accurately and to express needs related to them Ability to discriminate between authentic and inauthentic emotions This demonstrates?

Branch 1 of Salovey and Mayer's Four-Branch Ability Model of Emotional Intelligence

Salovey and Mayer's Four-Branch Ability Model of Emotional Intelligence What are the 4 branches?

Branch 1: Perceiving Emotions Branch 2: Using Emotions to Facilitate Thought Branch 3: Understanding Emotions Branch 4: Managing Emotions

The ability to... Ability to redirect and prioritize thinking on the basis of associated feelings Ability to generate emotions to facilitate judgment and memory Ability to capitalize on mood changes to appreciate multiple points of view Ability to use emotional states to facilitate problem solving and creativity These demonstrate which branch?

Branch 2 : Using Emotions to Facilitate Thought

Ability to redirect and prioritize thinking on the basis of associated feelings Ability to generate emotions to facilitate judgment and memory Ability to capitalize on mood changes to appreciate multiple points of view Ability to use emotional states to facilitate problem solving and creativity This demonstrates?

Branch 2 of Salovey and Mayer's Four-Branch Ability Model of Emotional Intelligence

Ability to be open to feelings, both pleasant and unpleasant Ability to monitor and reflect on emotions Ability to engage, prolong, or detach from an emotional state Ability to manage emotions in oneself and others This demonstrates?

Branch 3 of Salovey and Mayer's Four-Branch Ability Model of Emotional Intelligence

Ability to understand relationships among various emotions Ability to perceive the causes and consequences of emotions Ability to understand complex feelings, emotional blends, and contradictory states Ability to understand transitions among emotions This demonstrates?

Branch 3 of Salovey and Mayer's Four-Branch Ability Model of Emotional Intelligence

The ability to... Ability to understand relationships among various emotions Ability to perceive the causes and consequences of emotions Ability to understand complex feelings, emotional blends, and contradictory states Ability to understand transitions among emotions These demonstrate which branch?

Branch 3: Understanding Emotions

The ability to... Ability to be open to feelings, both pleasant and unpleasant Ability to monitor and reflect on emotions Ability to engage, prolong, or detach from an emotional state Ability to manage emotions in oneself and others These demonstrate which branch?

Branch 4: Managing Emotions

Pennebaker Paradigm (emotional storytelling): Emotionally expressive writing benefits numerous groups

Breast cancer survivors increased life quality

Socioemotional selectivity theory: ?

Carstensen's theory that, as compared to younger adults, older adults are more able to focus less on negative emotions, to engage more deeply with emotional content, and to savor the positive in life.

What is Socioemotional selectivity theory

Carstensen's theory that, as compared to younger adults, older adults are more able to focus less on negative emotions, to engage more deeply with emotional content, and to savor the positive in life.

People higher in __________ have a better sense in sensing/picking up emotions

EQ

___________________ styles, especially those that are more active, might be used beneficially in a variety of ways to deal with discrimination or other negative circumstances.

Emotion-focused

_____________________ coping may be a key component related to medical issues such as cardiac stress.

Emotion-focused (The researchers hypothesize that emotion-focused coping may moderate certain physiological responses to a stressful event such that the heart has reduced reactivity to stress)

Lazarus & Folkman: focused on what type of coping?

Emotion-focused and problem-focused

Salovey et al.

Emotional Intelligence

I realize that my feelings are valid and important I take time to figure out what I am really feeling I delve into my feelings to get a thorough understanding of them I acknowledge my emotions. These are examples of?

Emotional Processing

Active movement toward, rather than away from, a stressful or emotional encounter.

Emotional approach

Active movement away from, rather than toward, a stressful or emotional encounter.

Emotional avoidance

Free and intentional display of feeling.

Emotional expression

I feel free to express my emotions I take time to express my emotions I allow myself to express my emotions I let my feelings come out freely These are examples of?

Emotional expression

According to Salovey and Mayer's four-branch ability model, the skills (1) to perceive and express feelings; (2) to use emotions and emotional understanding to facilitate thinking; (3) to understand complex emotions, relationships among emotions, and relationships between emotions and behavioral consequences; and (4) to manage emotions. This is ?

Emotional intelligence

Daniel Goleman ?

Emotional intelligence "higher order or intelligence"

The attempt to understand one's emotions.

Emotional processing

Written disclosure of emotional upheaval.

Emotional storytelling

Pennebaker et al.

Expressive writing

(T/F) Compared to their U.S. counterparts, older Chinese adults remembered fewer positive pictures.

False

(T/F) The third branch of Salovey and Mayer's ability model of emotional intelligence concerns using emotions and emotional understanding to facilitate thinking.

False

(T/F) When intense emotional experiences that tax our psychological resources result in avoidant responses, this is usually not adaptive.

False

Emotional expression:?

Free and intentional display of feeling.

a person who is drawn to occupations involving social interactions such as teaching and counseling more so than to occupations involving clerical or administrative tasks would most likely be a?

High EI person

Which of the following is an accurate statement about people using an emotionally expressive style of coping? It is more beneficial overall than goal oriented coping. It is less beneficial overall than goal oriented coping. It is equally beneficial as goal oriented coping. It is more beneficial for those who prefer an emotionally expressive style of coping, but not beneficial for those who prefer goal oriented coping.

It is more beneficial for those who prefer an emotionally expressive style of coping, but not beneficial for those who prefer goal oriented coping.

Why do people benefit from emotional storytelling in response to dramatic events?

It results in disinhibition.

Note that the specific kind of boost that emotional intelligence gives the individual will be subtle, and as a consequence, require some effort to identify. Will it be exhibited in all social circumstances?

It will not be exhibited in all social circumstances.

Jealousy vs. Envy

Jealousy is fear of losing your own, envy is the wanting of someone else's thing

Poignancy: ?

Mixed emotions related to an ending or to losing something meaningful.

Do younger people and older people manage emotions the same way?

No

Does AgCC affect the experience of emotions?

No

Does emotional experience appear to be universal?

No

Is age a significant factor is poignancy? (the quality of evoking a keen sense of sadness or regret.)

No - this suggests that "a meaningful limited-time situation such as an ending can produce poignancy regardless of age"

Stanton, Kirk, Cameron, and Danoff-Burg (2000) identified two related but distinct processes involved in approach-oriented emotion-focused coping.

One involves emotional processing, or attempts to understand emotions, and a second reflects emotional expression, or free and intentional displays of feeling.

Systematic written disclosure of emotional upheaval, often involving several timed sessions.

Pennebaker paradigm

Mixed emotions related to an ending or to losing something meaningful.

Poignancy

"am i ok" would be an example of?

Primary appraisal

After seeing the perceived threat, comes the _______ appraisal

Secondary

"What can be done about the stressor?" would be an example of?

Secondary appraisal

Pennebaker paradigm: ?

Systematic written disclosure of emotional upheaval, often involving several timed session

Emotional processing: ?

The attempt to understand one's emotions.

distinction between emotional approach and emotional avoidance is supported by the existence of two neurobiological systems that govern approach (i.e., appetitive) and avoidance behavior.

The behavioral activation system regulates our appetitive motivation, which helps us realize emotional or behavioral rewards, whereas the behavioral inhibition system functions to help us avoid negative events and punishment

this type of person is more likely to have possessions of sentimental attachment around the home and to have more positive social interactions, particularly if the individual scored highly on emotional management.

The high EI person

What are people who are high is EI good at?

They're particularly good at establishing positive social relationships with others and avoiding conflicts, fights, and other social altercations. They're particularly good at understanding psychologically healthy living and avoiding such problems as drugs and drug abuse. It seems likely that such individuals, by providing coaching advice to others and by directly involving themselves in certain situations, assist other individuals and groups of people to live together with greater harmony and satisfaction.

(T/F) Emotional storytelling in response to traumatic events results in improvements in disinhibition, cognitive processing, and social dynamics.

True

(T/F) Perception, expression, understanding, and regulation are the core components and processes in Salovey and Mayer's theoretical framework of emotional intelligence.

True

(T/F) Studies demonstrate that Chinese older adults have the same pattern of memory of positive and negative pictures (Chung & Lin, 2012), although they may not have the same pattern with regard to visual attention to positive images

True

(T/f) In the study by Chung and Lin, Chinese older adults remembered fewer negative pictures in comparison to positive pictures, and they remembered fewer negative pictures in comparison to their U.S. counterparts.

True - Researchers hypothesize that this may be partially due to the more negative view of aging held by older adults in the United States as compared to views of aging in China.

In many ________ cultures, avoiding expression of anger is thought of as undesirable so that one is not overcome by it at a later date (e.g., "blowing up")

Western - Expression of anger may be something that is viewed as unacceptable or unnecessary in many Eastern cultures, however

Emotional storytelling: ?

Written disclosure of emotional upheaval.

In a sample of African-American research participants, emotion-focused coping was associated with ______.

a lowered sense of subjective well-being

What type of person can better perceive emotions, use them in thought, understand their meanings, and manage emotions, than others. Solving emotional problems likely requires less cognitive effort for this individual. The person also tends to be somewhat higher in verbal, social, and other intelligences, particularly if the individual scored higher in the understanding emotions.

a person high in emotional intelligence

Which of the alternatives below is the best example of the adaptive potential of emotional expression? a person's ability to cope with chronic pain, infertility, or cancer a person's ability to brainstorm alternatives to common daily problems or events a person's ability to negotiate job challenges a person's ability to have a successful financial future

a person's ability to cope with chronic pain, infertility, or cancer

Research popularized in the 21st century demonstrates that both positive and negative emotions may determine how _________ we are in our daily lives and contexts

adaptive

Given the findings, it appears that positive experiences and positive emotions become our priority as we ?

age and consider our mortality.

One interesting finding involved a study measuring emotional intelligence in individuals with ?

agenesis of the corpus callosum (AgCC). AgCC is a condition in which, during the fetal period, the corpus callosum (the connective tissue that transmits messages between the two hemispheres in the brain) does not develop normally.

In their original 1990 papers, Salovey and Mayer constructed a theoretical framework for an emotional intelligence. The framework comprised three core components:

appraisal/expression, regulation, and utilization. These fledging ideas about a set of emotional abilities that might provide people with a reservoir of intellectual resources were well received by the general public and psychology scholars.

Positivity appears when cognitive resources are

available when experimental task or stimuli do not activate automatic processing, and when information processing is unconstrained by external factors such as task instruction

Research indicates that the emotional life of older people is more likely to be characterized by which factor?

being more able to savor and enjoy positive life events

participants who used cognitive words specifically associated with insight or causality made greater inroads toward ?

better health

Older adults may also be able to continue to perform at high levels on tasks involving emotions well beyond their abilities to do this on ___________ tasks (Samanez-Larkin, Robertson, Mikels, Carstensen, & Golib, 2014), showing differential processing of these tasks.

cognitive

Peter Salovey of Yale University and John Mayer of the University of New Hampshire (Mayer, DiPaolo, & Salovey, 1990; Salovey & Mayer, 1990) shared Mowrer's sentiment and theorized that adapting to life circumstances required __________ abilities and __________ skills that guide our behavior.

cognitive; emotional

Branch 3 of the Salovey and Mayer's Four-Branch Ability Model of Emotional Intelligence highlights the skills needed to foster an understanding of ?

complex emotions, relationships among emotions, and relationships between emotions and behavioral consequences.

When parents allow their own emotional response to characters in a story to be seen, in addition to discussing potential emotions of the characters themselves, children may be better able to?

cope with varying emotions in their own lives through this modeling.

after the relational meaning comes?

coping effort

Making the most of emotional experiences via emotion-focused ________, emotional ________, emotional _______ __________, and emotional ____________ can help to create a balanced means of dealing with the information gained from all emotional experiences, while allowing us to retain access to all types of emotions as well.

coping; intelligence; goal setting; storytelling

In addition, intensity of emotional expressions (including positive emotions such as happiness) appears to be affected by ?

cultural context

The emotional "balancing act" is highly dependent on?

cultural context

Regardless of the race or ethnicity, it is clear that ________ does play a role in which types of coping are beneficial

culture - likely based partially on the role emotion plays in the culture at hand

In comparing the emotional responses of depressed versus nondepressed individuals during sad movies and humorous movies, ______.

depressed individuals were less likely to cry during the sad movie and less likely to laugh during the humorous movie

Many grad students are taught to view emotions as ?

determinants of positive change, not just markers of growth (is also taught to caution them to look for varying ways of expressing emotions in different cultural groups)

when pressure is on or risk of failure is high, the positivity effect seems to ?

disappear.

Emotional intelligence is an intelligence having to do with?

discerning and understanding emotional information.

passive emotion-focused strategies

downplaying the incidents, denial, blaming self

Traditionally, intense emotions were seen as ?

dysfunctional and opposed to rationality.

writing about emotions and emotional experiences may be particularly beneficial to individuals who prefer to use an __________ approach style of coping in dealing with problems in their lives

emotion

those who prefer _______________ coping with stress and trauma showed more benefit from emotional writing following a stress test versus those who did not

emotion-approach

studies looking at other types of harassment found that women who were dealing with situations of sexual harassment more often used ?

emotion-focused strategies, including both active and passive

Daniel Goleman, once a science writer for numerous periodicals and newspapers, popularized the concept of ____________ intelligence in the 1990s

emotional

Discovering one's level means that you can know whether and how much to be self- reliant in _________ areas, and when to seek others' help in reading the emotional information that is going on around oneself.

emotional

distinct differences were found in the emotional intelligence of individuals with and without an AgCC diagnosis (Anderson, Paul, & Brown, 2017). This points to some of the more complex processing involved in __________ intelligence.

emotional

engaging more deeply in your ____________ experiences (or perceiving, using, understanding, and managing emotions, to use the parlance of emotional intelligence researchers) has benefits in some cultural contexts, including the United States; culturally normative emotional expression may be helpful to a number of different races and ethnicities.

emotional

physiological feedback from ____________ experience is used to prioritize the demands on our cognitive systems and to direct attention to what is most important

emotional

With emotion-focused coping defined and measured more clearly and objectively, Stanton and colleagues (Stanton et al., 2000; Stanton, Danoff-Burg, & Huggins, 2002) were able to illuminate the functions of ?

emotional approach.

good teachers make sense of the _________ _________ in the room, and they make minor adjustments in their teaching approaches so that they can effectively share their knowledge with the group.

emotional content

The more we practice skills that are associated with Branches 1 through 3 of the Salovey and Mayer's Four-Branch Ability Model of Emotional Intelligence, the more ?

emotional content there is to manage

Pennebaker Paradigm

emotional disclosure about stressful events leads to improvements in physical and psychological health as well as positive reactions from participants about the perceived impact of disclosure.

Can teach others to benefit from

emotional experiences

anecdotal evidence suggests that children, youth, and adults can be taught to use _________ ___________ to enrich their daily lives and can be equipped to deal with the good and bad events they encounter

emotional experiences

Whether one is high or low in emotional intelligence is perhaps not as important as knowing that ?

emotional information exists and that some people can understand it.

Leadership, Resilience, well-being, and mindfulness are other positive traits that have been linked with ?

emotional intelligence

what kind of seminars can be beneficial to seek out for the work place?

emotional intelligence seminars

Salovey and Mayer

emotional intelligence, developed the 4 branch model

the more the emotions are used in efforts to make good decisions, the greater the increase in ?

emotional intelligence.

Stanton et al. identified two distinct processes involved in approach-oriented, emotion-focused coping. These processes are ______.

emotional processing and emotional expression

Stanton, Kirk, Cameron, and Danoff-Burg Measures of emotion-focused coping: __________ processing and _______ expression

emotional processing and emotional expression

the amygdala, plays a significant role in processing matters of ?

emotional significance.

Become an ___________ ____________ - write down stories of your good times and bad and share them with your friends, Storytelling may distance you from negative experiences in your life and bring you closer to people whoa re important to you

emotional storyteller

when chatting with a friend about an emotionally charged political topic, a person skilled in perceiving __________ can determine what aspects of the discussion are safe or unsafe territory based on the friend's nonverbal behavior.

emotions

when Annette Stanton, a positive psychologist at the University of California at Los Angeles, considered the adaptive potential of emotion-focused coping (i.e., regulating the emotions surrounding a stressful encounter), she found that there was a problem in how ?

emotions were defined and measured in some of the research

Often the best parents, teachers, coaches, leaders, bosses, or role models can manage their ____________ and at the same time instill ___________ in others to be open to feelings and manage them appropriately.

emotions; confidence

by practicing using more "feeling words" when interacting with friends and family.. this can?

encourage a more emotional approach

It now is becoming clear that humans' unique ability to monitor time across their entire span of life also may determine how much ?

energy is dedicated to emotional goals.

A person who is high in emotional intelligence is less likely to ______ than a person who is lower in emotional intelligence.

engage in destructive or negative behaviors

the findings of Stanton and colleagues suggest that emotional preferences related to coping may interact with?

environmental contingencies to determine psychological outcomes.

emotional experience, emotional expression, and the benefits and deficits of their various manifestations must always be viewed from within a context to properly understand the ?

experience of the individual.

not shying away from unpleasant feelings may foster a better understanding of our _________ and direct our attention to __________ concerns

experiences; central (Furthermore, over time, we may develop the tendency to face our stressors directly and repeatedly and thereby habituate to certain predictable negative experiences)

Branch 2 of the Salovey and Mayer's Four-Branch Ability Model of Emotional Intelligence concerns using emotions and emotional understanding to ?

facilitate thinking. (people who are emotionally intelligent harness emotions and work with them to improve problem solving and to boost creativity.)

contrary to young people's fascination with future-oriented goals pertaining to acquiring information and expanding horizons, older people seem to orient to ?

here-and-now goals that foster emotional meaning

What ability tests of emotional intelligence tell us is that only some people can pick up and understand and appreciate the more subtle versions of those messages. That is, only the _________ _____ individual understands the full richness and complexities of these communications.

high EI

someone who manages thier own emotions can be said to have?

high EI

LeDoux suggests that, under stress-free life circumstances, our thinking is governed by the _____________, but during more stressful times, our thought processes—and hence aspects of our coping—are ruled by the ___________.

hippocampus; amygdala

Someone displaying a heightened level of emotional understanding would know that ___________ is an antidote to fear and that __________ is a more appropriate responses to lost love than hating is.

hope; sadness/apathy

researchers have found that when people use more positive-emotion words (such as happy or laugh) as part of expressive writing, their health ?

improves more

If we turned our attentions away from unpleasant feelings each time we experienced them, we would learn very little about how these feelings ?

influence us and our friends

EQ influences positive

interpersonal functioning

When questions that framed emotional regulation in such a confounding manner (I get upset and let my emotions out" most probably would have been positively correlated with responses to items about a negative view of self or about general distress) were removed from research protocols, the frequently cited relationship between greater emotion-focused coping and poorer life outcomes was deemed ____________.

invalid

Research in the 20th century supported the view that intense emotions were dysfunctional/opposed to rationality, it did this by?

linking them with maladaptive outcomes in life.

With regard to attention, Fung and colleagues (2008) found that it was more common for older Chinese (but not younger) to __________ ______________ from positive images, showing no attentional preference toward positivity.

look away

In a sample of 103 college students, Lopes, Salovey, and Straus (2004) found that individuals with high-level skills in ________ emotions were more likely to report positive relationships with other people and perceived parental support and were less likely to report negative interactions with close friends.

managing (These associations remained statistically significant even when controlling for significant Big 5 personality traits and verbal intelligence.)

Working with an undergraduate population, Stanton and colleagues (2000) found that students who were dealing with a parent's psychological or physical illness coped better with their stressors if they were assigned to sessions that? On the other hand, those participants who did not report a preference for expressing emotions when dealing with stress did better when placed in the __________ condition rather than the emotion-focused coping condition.

matched their emotional approach tendencies (people who previously had reported a preference for expressing emotions when under duress did better when attending sessions that allowed them to vent emotions rather than receive facts) information

Branch 4 of the Salovey and Mayer's Four-Branch Ability Model of Emotional Intelligence, involves numerous?

mood regulation skills

What branch of the salovey branch model is important to teach kids at a young age?

mood regulation skills: BRanch 4

n a study investigating individuals dealing with and without depression, distinct differences were found in reactions to both sad and happy movies. While the nondepressed individuals cried during the sad movie and laughed during the humorous movie, the depressed individuals were?

much less likely to respond to either - it may be that in closing off access to some emotions (as may be a function of coping with depression to some extent), the depressed individuals were not able to access positive emotions either, like "turning off an emotional faucet"

The perception of the inability to cope with a threat would result in?

negative stress

Bar-On defines emotional intelligence as an array of ?

noncognitive capabilities, competencies, and skills that help us deal with the demands of the environment, but the related inventory

After monitoring the moods of 184 people (age 18 and up) for a week, Carstensen, Pasupathi, Mayr, and Nesselroade (2000) discovered that their older research participants ?

not only did not "sweat the small stuff" (which is how they viewed negative events) but also savored the positive events (experienced the good residuals of positive events for longer periods than their younger counterparts did).

using positive messaging to motivate what group has show to be more successful than negative messaging

older adults (Ex. Pos - "Walking can have important cardiovascular health benefits". Neg - Not walking enough can lead to increased risk for cardiovascular disease")

understanding our emotional experience can help us select?

optimal relationships and environments (particularly when we consider the norms in our own cultural context)

how and what we write may affect?

our health and well-being

Branch 1 of the Salovey and Mayer's Four-Branch Ability Model of Emotional Intelligence involves skills needed to ?

perceive and express feelings. More specifically, perception of emotions requires picking up on subtle emotional cues that might be expressed in a person's face or voice.

Over a 3-month period, women who used emotion-focused coping...

perceived their health status as better, had lower psychological distress, and had fewer medical appointments for cancer-related pain and ailments, as compared to those who did not This is seen in many types of cancer and illness, this is also seen in different cultural groups as well

Each of the four dimensions of the Salovey and Mayer's Four-Branch Ability Model of Emotional Intelligence is assessed with two sets of tasks in a measure called the Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test The tasks concerned with ________ emotions ask respondents to identify the emotions expressed in photographs of faces and the feelings suggested by artistic designs and landscapes. For the measurement of ________ emotions to facilitate thought, respondents are asked to describe feelings using nonfeeling words and to indicate the feelings that might facilitate or interfere with the successful performance of various tasks. The _________________-emotions dimension is assessed with questions concerning the manner in which emotions evolve and how some feelings are produced by blends of emotions. To tap the ability of ____________ emotions, the MSCEIT 2.0 presents a series of scenarios eliciting the most adaptive ways to regulate one's own feelings, as well as feelings that arise in social situations and in other people.

perceiving using understanding managing

The extent to which we are able to make the most of our emotional experiences is determined in part by ?

personal and environmental demands (such as our health status, social surroundings, and cultural norms)

emotional intelligence tells us something about social functioning that _____________ traits and ____________ intelligence do not explain.

personality; analytical (this is not been found cross-culturally)

the EQ-I primarily measures ___________ and __________ variables such as self-regard, empathy, tolerance, and happiness.

personality; mood

Some people are well versed in managing negative emotions but can't identify any intense positive emotions. Other people may ignore the important protective messages conveyed by negative emotions while remaining very open to "good" feelings. These unbalanced attempts at processing feelings may result in lots of missing data, which may lead to ?

poor decision making.

Practicing some or all of the 16 skills associated with the four branches of emotional intelligence is robustly associated with ?

positive interpersonal functioning

The perception to cope with a threat would result in?

positive stress

Lazarus & Folkman

primary and secondary appraisal

the appraisal of a situation or event is the?

primary appraisal

The high EI individual, relative to others, is less apt to engage in __________ behaviors and avoids?

problem; self-destructive, negative behaviors such as smoking, excessive drinking, drug abuse, or violent episodes with others.

using emotion-focused approaches appears to be a function of regular exposure to ?

racial discrimination

The Salovey and Mayer four-branch ability model of emotional intelligence has been predicated on the belief that skills needed to reason about emotions and to use emotional material to assist ?

reasoning can be learned.

after the secondary appraisal comes?

relational meaning

branch 4 skills are difficult to master because regulation is a balancing act. With too much regulation, a person may become emotionally _____________. With too little, one's emotional life becomes ______________.

repressed; overwhelming

active emotion-focused strategies

seeking support, expressing emotion

Stanton, Danoff-Burg, Cameron, and Ellis (1994) found that scales assessing emotion- focused coping contained items in which the respondent had to engage in __________________ or admit to experiencing ______________ or psychopathology whenever they acknowledged experiencing intense emotion.

self-deprecation; distress

Brooks and colleagues (2017) looked at brain activity while participants processed emotional words (e.g., anger, disgust) and found that regions related to ___________ process (such as the prefrontal cortex) were more activated. When nonemotional words were stated, the __________ and the parahippocampal ___________ were the active regions

semantic; amygdala; gyrus

Generally speaking, emotional intelligence improves an individual's ?

social effectiveness.

Emotional intelligence helps explain

social functioning

Lopes et al. (2004) examined the relationship between self-reported emotional intelligence (using the MSCEIT; Mayer, Salovey, & Caruso, 2001) and social behavior in a sample of college students. These researchers found these students' (n = 118) abilities to manage emotions were positively associated with the quality of their __________ ____________. Additional work with a small group (n = 76) of college students (Lopes, Salovey, Cote, Beers, & Petty, 2005) revealed that the strengths of __________ regulation skills were associated positively with interpersonal sensitivity (self-reports and peer nominations), with prosocial tendencies, and with the proportion of positive versus negative peer nominations. These relationships remained meaningful after controlling for the Big 5 personality traits, as well as verbal and fluid intelligence.

social interactions; emotional

The higher the emotional intelligence, the better the ?

social relations.

The experience of an emotion depend[s] on the current construal of the ?

social situation - This refers to the precursors of certain emotions, as well as to specific manifestations of emotions

Putting upsetting experiences into words allows people to ?

stop inhibiting their thoughts and feelings, to begin to organize their thoughts and perhaps find meaning in their traumas, and to reintegrate their social networks"

the explanations for the potency of emotional storytelling can be summed up as ?

strategically working with emotions within a social context.

antecedents are?

stressors from person, environment and an interaction of both

looking at the aging process within various cultural groups may be able to provide us with valuable information about how best to ?

strive for a deeper emotional life.

when individuals of racial and ethnic minority groups feel that they have ways of coping emotionally with experiences of discrimination, greater self-esteem and greater life satisfaction were more closely linked with a ?

strong identification with their racial group (being able to use positive reframing helps the individual to retain good feelings about himself or herself and the groups to which they belong)

many Asian cultures encourage __________ of emotions

suppression

Which of the following parts of the brain are associated with the development of emotional intelligence? the limbic system and the parietal lobe the amygdala and the prefrontal cortex the frontal lobe and the parietal lobe the amygdala and the reticular formation

the amygdala and the prefrontal cortex

These skills in perceiving emotions can be considered a threshold competency that needs to be acquired so that ?

the other three emotional intelligence competencies can be developed.

By setting new goals for important relationships that might promote emotional growth, this can enhance?

the quality of the relationship over time

Stanton, Parsa, and Austenfeld (2002) stated that coping through emotional approach might be said to carry adaptive potential, the realization of which may depend on ... ?

the situational context, the interpersonal milieu, and attributes of the individual

what is the positivity effect

the tendency for elderly people to perceive, prefer, and remember positive images and experiences more than negative ones

Theories behind emotional storytelling

theories include disinhibition, cognitive processing, social dynamics

why should we learn to practice meditation skills?

these skills are believed to "suspend time" and help us engage our emotional experieances more deeply

What Stanton, Parsam and Austerfeld call emotional approach involves active movement _____________ a stressful encounter

toward (rather than away)

At times during the 20th century, psychology research and practice sullied the reputation of emotions. At worst, helping professionals and the public at large characterized emotions as _______ to our lives or _______ to rational decision making. At best, emotions were portrayed as reflections of life _________ or ________ of specific daily actions that needed to be taken.

toxic; detrimental satisfaction; signals

Acknowledge the emotional __________ of communication at work

undercurrents - Share these observations in a non-confrontational way with colleagues to foster emotions in the workplace

one can use emotional information by finding those who are able to?

understand it and reason with it.

In the case of Maria, the teacher, which of the following behaviors was associated with creating creativity in her classroom? accurately perceiving the emotions of students using emotions to create engaging activity spontaneously understanding the emotions of her students managing her own emotions so that she could be seen by her students as a role model

using emotions to create engaging activity spontaneously

use of emotion-focused styles of coping to deal with stressors related to personal racism, or as part of a racial group, may increase ___________ and/or decrease ________ for individuals experiencing these types of stressors in their environments

well-being; stress

It is important to learn how to work with emotions by diversifying your repertoire of coping skills and then determining ?

what is effective and leads to desired life outcomes.

emotional processing seems to become more adaptive as people learn more about ?

what they feel and why they feel it

what led to unclear associations between what was referred to as "emotion-focused coping" and psychological adjustment.?

wide disparity the items used to measure the emotion-focused coping phenomenon (this led to unclear associations between what was referred to as "emotion-focused coping" and psychological adjustment.)

Why are asian countries more likely to encourage the suppression of emotions

with the goal of preserving harmony in the group (not necessarily associated with the same negative correlates found in Western studies)

According to the Pennebaker Paradigm, can writing assist with feelings of discrimination?

yes

Can emotional story telling be Beneficial for emotion approach style of coping

yes

Do people high in EI tend to be more open and agreeable?

yes

Is emotional storytelling useful for children as well?

yes

are high EI people more adept to describing motivational goals, aims, and missions?

yes

Is EQ connected to other cognitive abilities? if so which ones?

yes Resilience, mindfulness, leadership, well-being

Is the adaptive potential of emotional approach also realized in normal life circumstances? (if so where is this seen)

yes and primarily in the US

Regarding recall of emotional events, it appears that _______ people remembered the positive and negative material to the same degree, but the _________ people had a positivity bias in which they recalled the positive material more quickly than the negative material

young (college age and a bit older); older

___________ participants attended to negative images more quickly, whereas the _________ participants oriented faster to images laden with positive emotions (smiling face, happy baby, puppy)

younger; older

Salovey and Mayer 4 branches

• Branch 1: perceive and express feelings • Branch 2: facilitating thought via emotion • Branch 3: complexity of emotions • Branch 4: mood regulation skills