PPE 3003 Final Exam (Mesh of Quizzes 1-4)
Berry showed several videos on Operant Conditioning. Which was not a video? A clip of "Bob's Burgers" where Louise conditions Tina A pigeon taught to turn in a complete circle A clip from "Big Band Theory" Pigeons playing a pigeon version of ping-pong
A clip of "Bob's Burgers" where Louise conditions Tina
Erikson claimed that Pocreativity encompasses All of the answers are correct perpetuation of society productive work caring for one's offspring
All of the answers are correct
Robin protects herself against the threat of change by constantly clinging to objects and behaviors from her early childhood. It thus appears that Robin is relying primarily on which Freudian Defense Mechanism? Reaction Formation Fixation Sublimation Porjection
Fixation
Which of the following is an example of Sigmund Freud's notion of projection? I didn't really want that job, anyway the only reason I failed is because I has a headache I like him fine, but, for some reason, he hates me Things will be better tomorrow
I like him fine, but, for some reason, he hates me
Q: Identify a true statement about the superego It is concerned with, and completely aware of, the practicability of its requirements. It strives blindly and unrealistically towards perfection. It is closely watched over by the ego, judging its actions and intentions. It takes into consideration the difficulties faced by the ego in carrying out its orders.
It strives blindly and unrealistically towards perfection.
Which object relations theorist spent much time observing normal babies as they bonded with their mother during the first 3 years of life? Melanie Klein Heinz Kohut Otto Kernberg Margaret Mahler
Margaret Mahler
Freud used cocaine. Professor Berry reacted to this in class by: Encouraging the use of cocaine Minimizing how important this is as cocaine use was legal then discussing how damaging cocaine is the CNS (he does teach a course about drugs...) Discussing the therapeutic benefits of cocaine in psychotherapy
Minimizing how important this is as cocaine use was legal then
According to Freud, if someone is sarcastic they might have been over indulged or neglected in this stage: Anal Genital Phallic Oral
Oral
_____ is the fantasy that one's own feelings and impulses actually reside in another person and not within one's body Projection Introjection Splitting Rejection
Projection
This defense mechanism only happens in relationships and contributes to another's behavior: Projection because Berry thinks the dog is evil but it is Berry who is evil Projective Identification Internalization Splitting
Projective Identification
Vidya is highly sensitive to criticism. She becomes anxious and nervous whenever her manager points out her mistakes. She cannot control her emotions when she is under stress. Which of the following statements is most likely true about Vidya Vidya scores high on the behavioral disposition of neuroticism Vidya is surgent person Vidya lacks openness Vidya has a high level of conscientiousness and agreeableness
Vidya scores high on the behavioral disposition of neuroticism
Payment by salary or wage most closely approximates which scheme of reinforcement? a continuous schedule of reinforcement a fixed-ratio schedule of reinforcement a variable-ratio of reinforcement a fixed-interval of reinforcement
a fixed-interval of reinforcement
Payment by piece rate (for example, paying a bricklayer a set amount for each brick laid) most closely approximates which schedule of reinforcement? a fixed-ratio schedule of reinforcement a variable-ratio schedule of reinforcement a variable-interval schedule of reinforcement a fixed-interval schedule of reinforcement
a fixed-ratio schedule of reinforcement
Each ascending step in Maslow's hierarchy represents a higher need, but one more basic to survival a higher need, but one less basic to survival a lower need, but one more basic to survival a lower need, but one less basic to survival
a higher need, but one less basic to survival
Which of the following occurs after a successful psychoanalytic treatment? neurotic symptoms are repressed in patients a patient's ego is incorporated into the superego Psychic energy strengthens the superego in patients a patient's positive transference toward the analyst increases a patient's ego is expanded with previously repressed material
a patient's ego is expanded with previously repressed material
Q: The Term personality comes from the Latin word persona, which means: the soul the evil side of people a theatrical mask that which one truly is
a theatrical mask
Erikson claimed that for most people, the longest stage of psychosocial development is adulthood later adulthood young adulthood adolescence
adulthood
Skinner believed that there is no learning without reinforcement, Bandura agrees with Skinner's observation agrees with Skinner but also stresses vicarious learning asserts that learning is a consequence of the environment believes that cognition is unnecessary for learing
agrees with Skinner but also stresses vicarious learning
Bandura's P, or person, factor includes memory all of the answers are correct physical characteristics, such as size and social position thought
all of the answers are correct
Between the lecture and chapter, all of these are related to freedom except: existential versus essential all of these are associated with freedom responsibility destiny
all of these are associated with freedom
In the context of Freudian dynamic theory, the term neurotic anxiety is defined as an apprehension about an unknown danger that exists in the ego but originates from the id impulses a predisposition to act or react in a characteristic manner, that is, in either an introverted or an extroverted direction the feeling of being alone and isolated, separated from the natural world the incompatible tendency to move towards, against, and away from people
an apprehension about an unknown danger that exists in the ego but originates from the id impulses
Carl Jung would say that a man who finds women alluring and mysterious may be projecting his _____ archetype onto women anima animus self shadow
anima
Berry discussed how this attachment style tends to be attracted to this attachment style: anxious/ secure anxious/ avoidant secure/ anxious secure/ avoidant
anxious/ avoidant
_____ are ancient or archaic that derive from the collective unconscious complexes archetypes word associations extraverted images
archetypes
According to Abraham H. Maslow, the Jonah complex is characterized by a fear of failure a block at the level of love and belongingness needs feeling of insecurity in the presence of perfection attempts to run away from one's destiny
attempts to run away from one's destiny
An infant remains calm when her mother exists the room, leaving her with a stranger. When the mother returns, the infant ignores her. According to Mary Ainsworth, this infant is displaying the _____ attachment style. insecure secure anxious avoidant
avoidant
Bandura reasons that if behavior were completely a function of the environment, then reciprocal determinism would control behavior the capacity for self-consciousness would not exist behavior would be more variable and less consistent behavior would be totally consistent and unchanging
behavior would be more variable and less consistent
If Maslow is one of the fathers of the third force in psychology, then the first two forces are Jung and Freud Freud and Adler behaviorism and psychoanalysis psychoanalysis and Freud
behaviorism and psychoanalysis
In the discussion of Maslow a video was shown about positive psychology. This video focused on: self-actualizing being happy leading to better outcomes all of these were addressed in the video embracing the B-values
being happy leading to better outcomes
During the lecture on Evolutionary Theory, Prof. Berry read from an additional book. When discussing a brain module for morals, the example focused on: humans and the golden rule/ sacrifice rhesus monkeys and sharing/ selfishness dolphins and rescuing humans birds and monogamy/ polygyny
birds and monogamy/ polygyny
Professor Berry showed a video in class from the Office. This video demonstrated: classical conditioning operant conditioning there was no office video, Berry conditioned a student to stop saying "like" both classical and operant conditioning
both classical and operant conditioning
To stop her 2-year-old daughter from crying, Sandy consistently gives the child a piece of candy whenever she cries. Such behavior is: neither one of these positively reinforcing for the child both of these negatively reinforcing for Sandy
both of these
According to Erickson, what is necessary for proper adaptation? dystonic elements only neither syntonic nor dystonic elements both syntonic and dystonic elements syntonic elements only
both syntonic and dystonic elements
According to Melanie Klein, the child's first model for interpersonal relations is the self breast father mother
breast
Traits that happen as a result of adaptations but are not part of the functional design are called: by-products adaptation mutation noise
by-products
According to Maslow, neurotic needs cannot be satisfied decrease as they are satisfied can be self-actualizing decrease as they satisfied and foster heal when satisfied foster health when satisfied
cannot be satisfied
According to Erik Erikson, the conflict of industry versus inferiority leads to the development of the basic strength of _____ in school-age children. wisdom fidelity love competence
competence
According to Erikson, inadequate will is expressed as compulsion inhibition shame autonomy stubbornness
compulsion
Rudolph always struggles to focus on his work. He is unreliable because he fails to complete any task assigned to him, and he is very careless. In this case, Rudolph scores low on the behavioral disposition of emotional stability neuroticism conscientiousness openness
conscientiousness
May believed that _____ is out ultimate destiny will love despair death creativity
death
In the lecture on Yalom and the main existential issues, Berry identified all but which of the following as existential issues: development isolation death freedom
development
Sophia performs poorly in her science test. When her parents question her poor performance, she blames her relatives and neighbors for low grades because they visited her home the day before her science test. In this case, Sophia is reducing the responsibility of her poor performance through palliative comparison moral justification displacement diffusion
displacement
The royal road to the unconscious was thought by Freud to be dreams meditation Route 66 Parapraxes the preconscious
dreams
According to Freud, feelings of inferiority stems from the conscience ego-ideal ego teachers id
ego-ideal
Erikson's additions to Freudian theory includes elevating social factors above biological factors accepting Jung&8217;s idea of the collective unconscious discounting the ego in personality development none of the answers is correct all of the answers are correct
elevating social factors above biological factors
According to Sigmund Freud, areas of the body especially capable of producing sexual pleasure called pleasure-principle areas erogenous zones aim-impetus areas genital organs instinct zones
erogenous zones
According to May, in North American society, sex is frequently confused with care pleasure phillia eros
eros
Maslow included the needs for self-respect, confidence, competence, and the respect of others under neurotic needs love and belongingness needs safety needs esteem needs
esteem needs
According to Jungian psychology, a person primarily concerned with external matters such as financial success, competition, and material possessions is extroverted dominated by his or her persona introverted self-realized
extroverted
According to Carl Jung, which of the following functions tells us value of something? thinking feeling introversion extraversion
feeling
In a _____ schedule of reinforcement, an organism is reinforced for the first response following a designed period of time variable-interval variable-ratio fixed-interval continuous fixed-ratio
fixed-interval
May identified sex, eros, philia and agape as the goals of intentionality original source of anxiety modes of Dasein primary sources of ontological guilt forms of love
forms of love
Asking a patient to verbalize thoughts, no matter how absurd, irrelevant, or embarrassing, is the Freudian technique of displacement dream analysis transference free association condensation
free association
In class Berry played a podcast which led to discussion of what? observational learning effects on college students the negative effects of punishment how we are being conditioned by social media free-will, or lack thereof
free-will, or lack thereof
According to Yalom, it is important to confront one's death to: self-actualize fully live your life be genuine be considered existential
fully live your life
According to Berry in the lecture on existential therapy, the most important aspect of existential therapy are: none of these are correct genuineness and the therapeutic relationship creating meaning and genuineness existential approach and death awareness
genuineness and the therapeutic relationship
In contrast to Freud, Erikson had no college degree of any kind was trained as a physician placed less emphasis on social and historical influences placed greater emphasis on the id
had no college degree of any kind
Carl Jung, like Sigmund Freud, based his personality theory on the assumption that the mind, or psyche, has conscious and unconscious aspects is dominated by archetypes draws psychic energy from the ego begins to develop during late infancy remains inactive during the latency period
has conscious and unconscious aspects
Erikson's theory may be called post-Freudian; because he only accepted the theories of post-Freudian psychoanalysts he built his theory on the foundations that Freud laid he rejected Freud's psychoanalytic theory of personality Freud personally approved of Erikson's personality theory
he built his theory on the foundations that Freud laid
Erick is confident that he has the skills and abilities to be an excellent professional baseball player. Thus, according to Bandura, he has _____ efficacy expectations and _____ outcome expectations high; low low; high low; low high; high
high; low
According to Bandura, the capacity to exercise control over our lives is called human agency external locus of control internal locus of control internal locus of control free will
human agency
Freud claimed that pleasure-seeking people with no thought of what is reasonable or proper are dominated by the ego-ideal super ego ego id
id
According to Freud, normally, in post-Oedipal identification with his father, a boy wants to be his father identifies with his father's morals and ideals accepts homosexual feelings toward his father rejects the hatred and feared father
identifies with his father's morals and ideals
Rejection of family or community standards, inability to establish intimacy, and inability to concentrate on required tasks are symptomatic of what Erikson called identity confusion ego idealism ideological inertia an unresolved Oedipal situation identity stagnation
identity confusion
Erikson claimed that a child who learns to do a job well during the school age will develop a sense of autonomy inferiority will industry purpose
industry
John Bowlby's attachment theory was based on studies of adolescents infants and primates elderly adults middle-age adults
infants and primates
According to Erikson, the core conflict of the play age is autonomy versus shame and doubt trust versus mistrust initiative versus guilt industry versus inferiority
initiative versus guilt
If deprivation of a need leads to pathology, then Maslow would say that this need is physiological unrealistic learned neurotic instinctoid
instinctoid
The psychosocial crisis of young adulthood, according to Erikson, is identity versus identity confusion generativity versus stagnation intimacy versus isolation competence versus incompetence
intimacy versus isolation
According to Maslow, the humor of self-actualizers is intrinsic to the situation well planned all of the answers and correct intrinsic to the situation and hostile hostile
intrinsic to the situation
Tyler greatly admires his geometry teacher and tries to copy his mannerisms and lifestyle. This is an example of which Freudian defense mechanism introjection sublimation fixation projection
introjection
Which of the following is a psychic defense mechanism used by an infant who fantasizes into its body those perceptions and experiences that it has had with an external object, originally the mother's breast? projection projective identification introjection splitting
introjection
To Carl Jung, the two basic attitudes are sensing and intuiting introversion and extraversion thinking and feeling conscious and unconscious sensing and feeling
introversion and extraversion
Bandura believes that cognition is determined by behavior and environment all of the answers are correct none of the answers is correct is solely responsible for behavior serves as an autonomous force within the person
is determined by behavior and environment
Erik Erickson defined _____ as the incapacity to take chances with one's identity by sharing true intimacy repudiation isolation exclusivity self-absorption
isolation
According to Erik Erikson, which of the following characterizes mature love? It is free of sexual passion it contains some degree of isolation it lacks competition between partners it is the merging of two identities into one
it contains some degree of isolation
In the context of archetypes, which of the following statements is true about the shadow? it springs from the personal conscious it is the archetype of darkness and repression it represents humanity's search for transcendence all of the answers are correct
it is the archetype of darkness and repression
Which of the following statements is true about the ego? it is the only region of the mind that houses basic drives or primary motivates it is illogical and unrealistic and can simultaneously entertain incompatible ideas it grows out of the superego during infancy it is the only region of the mind in contact with reality
it is the only region of the mind in contact with reality
According to Professor Berry, his young son's stereotypical identity is currently: rebel jock rocker geek
jock
Skinner believed that the effects of punishment are the same as the effects of reward less predictable than those of reward the exact opposite to those of reward more predictable than those of reward
less predictable than those of reward
Maslow criticized both psychoanalysis and behaviorism for this inability to successfully treat neurosis limited views of humanity unscientific viewpoints on personality overemphasis on unconscious motivation
limited views of humanity
According to Maslow, most people who seek therapy probably have the most trouble satisfying their _____ needs esteem self-actualization safety aesthetic love and belongingness
love and belongingness
In Maslow's hierarchy of needs concept, lower levels need have prepotency over higher level needs esteem needs must be satisfied before love and belongingness needs become motivators aesthetic needs must be satisfied before cognitive needs become motivators higher level needs prepotency over lower level needs
lower levels need have prepotency over higher level needs
Erikson believed that the sense of a readiness for danger and an anticipation of discomfort are adaptive aspects of withdrawal hope trust synoptic tendencies mistrust
mistrust
Ashley feels uneasy after violating her personal standards of honesty and cheating on a test. Freud might suggest that she is suffering from _______ anxiety. neurotic moral realistic aim-inhibited
moral
Trained psychoanalysts can interpret dreams most accurately by asking the dreamer for his or her associations to the material. by knowing the meaning of a standard set of symbols without talking personally to the patient by concentrating on the manifest meaning of the dream
most accurately by asking the dreamer for his or her associations to the material.
When you receive a ticket for speeding or another offense, according to Berry during the discussion in class, this is: negative reinforcement positive and negative reinforcement a reaction formation positive punishment negative punishment
negative punishment
Studying to decrease one's anxiety regarding a presentation is an example of positive punishment positive reinforcement satiation negative punishment negative reinforcement
negative reinforcement
Melanie Klein had an especially warm relationship with: neither of these people are correct Anna Freud both of these people are correct her daughter Melitta
neither of these people are correct
According to May, drug addiction, alcohol abuse, promiscuous sexual behavior, and other compulsive behaviors are manifestations of various forms of nonbeing intentionality fate destiny
nonbeing
May was influenced by Soren Kierkegaard's view of anxiety as a struggle against nonbeing fate destiny intentionality
nonbeing
The great mother is Carl Jung's archetype of nourishment and destruction thinking and opinions children farmers and ranchers
nourishment and destruction
According to the abbreviated version of Object Relations, everyone and everything is a(n): individually represented prototype entity of and of themselves object breast
object
Kenneth is the Coach of a soccer team. he often uses the same set of tactics in his games and fails to win most of his games because of this rigid approach. His reluctance to change his approach had gained him a negative image among his peers. In this case, Kenneth scores low on the behavioral disposition of: emotional stability openness agreeableness conscientiousness
openness
People who make rewards or punishments contingent on the behavior of another are using which of Skinner's methods of social control? respondent condition extinction operant conditioning describing contingencies
operant conditioning
Young Tyler learned that his mother always hides the cookies on the top shelf of the hall closet. After Tyler's mother noticed cookies missing, she decided to hide the cookie jar in a new place shelf of the hall closet, Tyler stops looking there. Skinner would say that the disappearance of this response is due to: operant extinction respondent extinction repression forgetting
operant extinction
Erikson found that the prolonged and permissive nursing of Sioux infants resulted in _____ oral anal infantile phallic latency
oral
Freud's notion of phylogenetic endowments refers to anatomical differences between the sexes that lead to psychological differences our ancestor's experiences that we inherit and that form a part of our unconscious the physical structure of the brain where the unconscious is located the social rules we learn from our parents that form the superego
our ancestor's experiences that we inherit and that form a part of our unconscious
An extreme type of projection is _____, a mental disorder characterized by powerful delusions of jealousy and persecution sublimation fixation paranoia displacement
paranoia
According to Bandura, the strongest source of self-efficacy is usually performance verbal persuasion internal standards of conduct physiological arousal vicarious experience
performance
The side of personality that people show to the world is designated as the persona animus shadow anima
persona
In Jungian psychology, repressed, forgotten, or subliminally perceived experiences are part of the archetype unconscious ego personal unconscious persona collective unconscious
personal unconscious
A man goes into a gay bar and initiates a fight with a homosexual man as a result of his own conscious homosexual impulses. This is an example of which Freudian defense mechanism sublimation fixation introjection projection
projection
The event that eventually led to Freud's achievement to fame was his use of cocaine publication of The Interpretation of Dreams partnership with Jung marriage to Martha Bernays Insistence on the existence of male hysteria
publication of The Interpretation of Dreams
Erikson suggested that the basic strength of the play age is trust initiative purpose autonomy
purpose
The first test of one's courage, according to Carl Jung, is to recognize one's inheritance realize the shadow submit one's self to the ego recognize the animus
realize the shadow
Unlike Skinner's behavioral analysis, Bandura's social cognitive theory discounts the importance of reinforcement downplays the effects of higher mental processes on behavior rejects the notion of goal-directed behavior recognizes the influence of chance encounters
recognizes the influence of chance encounters
Which of the following terms is defined as a defense mechanism whereby a person returns to an earlier stage to protect the ego against anxiety regression fixation introjection sublimation
regression
In the lecture on Yalom, Berry related Freedom and responsibility love essence meaning
responsibility
The inability to synthesize various self-images and values into a workable identity is what Erikson called psychological moratorium stagnation role repudiation ego idealism identity foreclosure
role repudiation
According to Sigmund Freud, the aim of the destructive is self-preservation self-destruction self-hatred self-assertion
self-destruction
According to Bandura, _____ refers to people's beliefs in their capability to exercise some measure of control over their own functioning and over the environmental events self-efficiency self-regulation locus of control disengagement of internal control
self-efficiency
When discussing the difference between Judging and Perceiving types, Breeze said she was perceiving because: she prefers an itinerary that is stuck with a little flexibility she knows she perceives others according to bias but wants to change she likes to sleep and eat and have bowel movement on her terms ha, nice try, Breeze shared she's an ambivert
she likes to sleep and eat and have bowel movement on her terms
According to Bandura, collective efficacy is more likely than personal efficacy to help a person quit smoking is opposed to personal efficacy springs from a collective mind stems from the personal efficacy of many people working together
stems from the personal efficacy of many people working together
_____ involves the disposition to experience positive emotional states and to engage in ones environment and to be sociable and self-confident conscience openness surgency agreeableness
surgency
Bandura's treatment technique that involves the extinction of anxiety or fear though self- or therapist-induced relaxation is known as vicarious modeling overt modeling of behavior enactive mastery systematic desensitization
systematic desensitization
Berry informed the class the Myers Briggs has lost respect in the psychology community. When he took poll in the class of the meaning of personality aspects from the Myers Briggs, student's responses demonstrated: There was no poll in class, Rodrigo just kept interrupting with criticisms about the slides that the criticism of the Myers Briggs is well deserved the poll was a draw between those that felt the type agreed with how they saw themselves and those who did not that there seemed to be merit in how students saw themselves and the typology test
that there seemed to be merit in how students saw themselves and the typology test
Maslow's Jonah complex is characterized by an exaggerated striving for superiority an insatiable desire for seafood self-love and narcissism the fear of being one's best many peak experiences
the fear of being one's best
Skinner believed that human behavior is shaped by all these factors except cultural practices natural selection the individual's personal drive state the individual's personal history of reinforcement
the individual's personal drive state
According to Erik Erikson, which of the following statements is true of old age? the basic strength of old age is intimacy the psychosexual mode of old age is latency the psychosocial crisis during old age is integrity versus despair the hall mark of old age is loss of productivity
the psychosocial crisis during old age is integrity versus despair
Which Jungian archetype includes the other archetypes and represents wholeness or completion? the persona the shadow the self the ego
the self
In the context of Jungian psychology, which of the following statements is true about introverted thinking types? They are concentrated only with subjective phenomena because they have no contact with the external world they base their decisions primarily on objective phenomena they do not react to external stimuli they find their interpretation of an event more important than the facts
they find their interpretation of an event more important than the facts
Which of the following are true about archetypes? they themselves can be directly represented they are consciously determined they lack a biological bias they help shape a personality
they help shape a personality
Which of the following statements is true about introverts? They tend to focus on the objective attitude while suppressing the subjective They are more influenced by their surroundings than by their inner world They are overly suspicious of the subjective attitude, whether their own or that of someone else they perceive the external selectively and with their own subjective view
they perceive the external selectively and with their own subjective view
According to Sigmund Freud, which of the following is an important function of repression? to convert id functions into ego functions to convert ego functions into id functions to convert superego functions into ego functions to protect a person against the pain of anxiety to protect a person against public disgrace
to protect a person against the pain of anxiety
The principle source of frustration during Freud's anal phase is learning to dress oneself weaning toilet training suppression of masturbation
toilet training
Which of the following terms refers to the strong sexual or aggressive feelings, positive or negative, that patients develop towards their analyst during the course of treatment proprium congruence surgency transference
transference
Symbols for Carl Jung's great mother archetype include the moon and the stars trees, gardens, and plowed fields politicians, priests, and rabbis baseball bats, balls, and gloves
trees, gardens, and plowed fields
The informed and detached concern with life itself in the face of death itself is how Erikson defined wisdom isolation despair mistrust detachment
wisdom
Certain political and religious leaders rely on charisma and verbal persuasion to influence multitudes of people. Carl Jung would say that the spell these individuals cast over others might be due to their _____ archetype persona wise old man animus shadow
wise old man
According to Erikson, the core pathology of infancy is withdrawal indifference disappointment selfishness rage
withdrawal
According to Carl Jung, the realization of the anima is accomplished by nearly all men during old age must come before the realization of the shadow must follow the realization of the self would result in a man conquering his homosexual ideation would be represented by a man recognizing his feminine disposition
would be represented by a man recognizing his feminine disposition
