practice exam 3 ch 8-11
In the diagram below, which layer(s) correspond to the mantle?
3 and 4
Which of the following occurs when mountain belts are eroded?
All of these are correct. (Deep metamorphic and plutonic rocks can be uplifted to the surface. Erosion is accompanied by isostatic rebound. The continental crust becomes thinner.)
Which of the following is most likely to be associated with a confined aquifer?
Artesian well
Where is subduction occurring on this figure of South America?
B
What type of volcanic eruption is probably shown in this photograph? (pahoehoe)
Basaltic lava flow
Each number on this figure refers to a location depicting groundwater in a subsurface material that is consistent in character across the entire figure. Of these locations, which two sites are on the opposite side of a groundwater divide?
Between 4 and 5
A single volcano may produce
Both explosive and nonexplosive eruptions
What kind of volcano is in this figure?
Caldera
Which of the following is true of igneous landscapes?
Columnar jointing is common in basaltic lava flows.
How did this cone of depression in the groundwater form?
Groundwater is pumped from the well faster than it can flow to replenish what is lost.
Which of the following combinations make for the best groundwater reservoir?
High permeability and high porosity
What type of stress could form the fault in this figure?
Horizontal tension
Which of the following is a mineral?
Ice
What is the main importance of the Ogallala aquifer?
It is an important source of irrigation water.
Which of the following is associated with a midocean ridge?
Magma produced as the mantles rise up
A continent has an oceanic trench offshore of its coast. Which of the following is probably not present along this side of the continent?
Melting along a midocean ridge
According to this graph, which shows water balance for the Ogallala aquifer, which of the following statements are true?
More water is taken out of the aquifer than is gained from recharge.
Which of the following is a correctly described statement about part of the hydrologic cycle?
Most groundwater forms when water on the surface infiltrates into the ground.
From this cross section of the Grand Canyon, what occurred between the formation of the Precambrian metamorphic rocks and the deposition of the lowest Paleozoic rocks?
NOT All of these are correct. Uplift and erosion
What type of evidence was used in the Investigation to locate where the earthquake occurred?
Seismograms from three stations
This map shows contours of the water table and the location of a factory that contaminated the groundwater. Which way will the contamination flow?
Southeast, down the contours
This map shows contours of the water table, the location of four factories (labeled A, B, C, and D), and contaminated and uncontaminated wells. Which way will the contamination flow?
Southwest, down the contours
Which of the following best represents the sequence by which a continent splits apart?
Uplift due to mantle upwelling, then continental rifting, then seafloor spreading
A volcanic eruption occurring beneath an ice sheet is likely to cause
a hazardous flood.
The very common carbonate mineral shown here that is a clear to light-gray color is
calcite.
Most oceanic islands and seamounts are
constructed by volcanic eruptions that first occur under water.
What type of eruption is shown in this photograph?
lava dome
These pillars are remnants of layers, most of which have been stripped away by wind erosion. If this occurred in less than 5 years you might reasonably conclude that
there must have been drought, overgrazing, or some short-term climatic change.
Which numbered layer represents the oldest layer? ( pic of grand canyon)
1
Which of these numbered features contains most of Earth's water?
1 Oceans
Using the data in this table, determine the age in years of the granite (unit G on this table).
1,500,000,000
Each number on this figure refers to a location depicting groundwater in a subsurface material that is consistent in character across the entire figure. Of these locations, which one has the water table most clearly above the surface?
2
If a rock started with 1,000 atoms of a parent but now contains 250 atoms, how many half-lives have passed?
2 half-lives
Which of the numbered features is a pyroclastic flow?
4
Using the data in this table, determine the age of the dike.
40,000,000
Which of the following sites would most likely have composite volcanoes? A is on an island arc, B is in the Andes, C is near Hawaii, D is along a midocean ridge.
A and B
During times when precipitation exceeds potential evapotranspiration,
All of these are correct. (extra water goes into soil-water recharge if the soil is below field capacity. there cannot be a deficit. water may go into deep percolation as groundwater.)
Which of the following is true about how a lake can relate to the water table?
All of these are correct. (A lake that is above the water table may lose water to groundwater. A lake can gain water if it is lower than the water table in areas adjacent to the lake. The water table intersects, or is higher than, the surface in many lakes.)
Which of the following processes produce sedimentary clasts?
All of these are correct. (Breaking of round cobbles as they are transported Fracturing of bedrock that results in angular pieces Decomposition of granite into quartz grains and clay Scouring and abrasion of bedrock along rivers)
Which of the following is true about how contamination moves in groundwater?
Contamination spreads out as it moves, forming a widening plume.
Why does the Tibetan Plateau, shown in this figure, have a high elevation?
Continental collision
Which of the following is true about where earthquakes occur?
Deep and intermediate-depth earthquakes occur near subduction zones.
Which of the following is not a type of terrane in California?
NOT Island arcs All of these are present in California.?
The eruption that occurred on Mount St. Helens was triggered by a
NOT None of these are correct. huge landslide caused a lateral blast that knocked down trees and buildings.
What occurs at midocean ridges?
Oceanic crust is created.
What was the most damaging type of eruption that occurred at Vesuvius in Italy?
One or more pyroclastic flows hit the city of Pompeii.
Which of the following processes is not considered physical weathering?
Oxidation
Which of the following is not composed of calcium carbonate?
Pyrite
What type of eruption is shown in this photograph? (tower of ash or smoke )
Pyroclastic column
What could happen if this well is overpumped?
The bottom of the lens of fresh water will rise, causing the well to draw in salt water.
On this southern continent, which side has a plate boundary?
The left (west) side
Uplift can occur during the rock cycle:
at any point after burial
Which way are plates moving in this figure?
away from each other
Shield volcanoes are composed primarily of
basalt lava flows.
The type of rock shown in this photograph is (PINKISH ROCKS)
brecca
Most large earthquakes on subduction zones occur because of
faulting along the plate boundary.
Ash layers from the three most recent caldera-forming eruptions at Yellowstone (2.1, 1.3, and 0.64 million years ago) stretch
from Canada to Mexico.
If you drilled into an oceanic plateau, you would most likely find
large amounts of basalt derived from melting in the mantle.
Volcanic mudflows (lahars) are common on composite volcanoes because
large amounts of rain and snowmelt mix with loose ash on steep slopes.
Use your knowledge of plate boundaries to answer whether an earthquake is likely or unlikely to occur at the location of the red circle.
likely
The most voluminous layer of Earth is the
mantle
The septic tank in this figure will probably
not contaminate the well
A sulfide mineral that commonly forms cube-shaped crystals is
pyrite
Which of the following energy sources drives the hydrologic cycle?
solar energy
Volcanic domes grow from lava being injected into the interior of mounds of cooled lava and from the breaking out and moving down the flanks of
viscous lava flows.
