practice exam bus 301

Positive emotions broaden your mindset and open you to consider alternatives when trying to solve a problem, as well as help you build social relationships.

True

_________ are the most effective schedules of reinforcement.

Variable ratio and variable interval

Strategies to increase positive experiences include all of the following except

accept negative thoughts.

Which of the following is not one of the most frequently experienced positive emotions?

accomplishment

Why should you invest in PsyCap?

because you have the expectation of future returns or benefits

Based on the contingency approach, to define performance _______ goals can be used in most jobs.

behavioral

Avoiding extreme judgments and rating people and objects as average or neutral is known as the _______ perceptual error.

central tendency

Michele is concerned with the victims of Hurricane Simon, which has devastated her home state of Florida. She starts a fund to help the victims of this disaster. Michele is displaying

compassion.

Barbara is training her new puppy to sit on command. Every time the puppy responds correctly, he receives a treat. Barbara is using a __________ reinforcement schedule.

continuous

If every instance of a target behavior is reinforced, a(n) _________ schedule is in effect.

continuous

Dr. Hogan carefully chose the final exams written by her best students to read first. They all received excellent grades. After these, she read the rest of the exams and graded most of them average or worse. This is an example of _________ perceptual error.

contrast effects

Which of the following is not included in the monitoring step of performance management?

deciding how to measure performance

Louis is a member of the marketing team on the Superb Mattress account. Recently, he has emerged as a team leader. His supervisor, Michele, is letting Louis make the final decision as to which campaigns are presented to the client. This provides Louis with

decision-making discretion.

Organizations typically rely on __________ schedules, such as hourly wages and annual reviews and raises.

fixed interval and fixed ratio

Carolyn is a very likable employee. Recently, her boss rated her at the highest level in all areas of performance, even though in some areas her performance did not warrant this judgment. This is an example of a ___________ perceptual error.

halo

To minimize halo perceptual error, a manager should

record examples of positive and negative performance throughout the year.

Anna blinks her eyes whenever she looks up at the sun. This is an example of

respondent behavior.

When monitoring performance, Frank watches all of the following except

setting goals.

Amanda is preparing for Jerome's annual review. He is a solid employee—with strong analytical, computer and critical thinking skills. Jerome needs to work on his timeliness and communication skills. Amanda only discusses Jerome's shortcomings during the review, making this a(n)______ experience.

negative

Which of the following statements is true?

Employees' level of flourishing is related to organizational outcomes such as productivity and financial performance.

Goals should always be stated in terms of measured outcomes.

False

Research supports the conclusion that positive organizational practices drive outcomes at the individual level, but not the group or organizational levels.

False

Shaniah and Raoul have dinner at a trendy new restaurant. They have to wait for 30 minutes, despite being on time for their reservation. The hostess who seats them does not apologize for the delay. The food is wonderful but expensive, and the service is terrible. When they leave, they pick up their coats at the coat room. The attendant is polite, prompt, and remembers that they left a package with her as they were going into dinner. Despite this, Raoul leaves no tip. This is an example of the positivity spiral.

False

To achieve a climate encouraging positive OB, an organization must foster a specific set of organizational values, organizational practices, and transformational leadership.

False

______ is information about performance shared with those in a position to improve the situation.

Feedback

Jill is a sales representative for a large pharmaceutical corporation. According to the current compensation system, if Jill meets her target for the quarterly sales projections, she will receive a bonus equivalent to 7 percent of her annual salary. Jill is working hard to meet the sales goal so that she can buy a new car. Which of the following is true regarding Jill's motivation?

It is extrinsically motivated.

Which of the following situations does not reflect mindfulness?

Pat is biking to school when someone cuts her off and causes her to fall. She gets up and starts kicking her bicycle.

____ is the set of processes and managerial behaviors that involve defining, monitoring, measuring, evaluating, and providing consequences for performance expectations.

Performance management

Kelly is a successful attorney specializing in corporate law. While it has nothing to do with her field of employment, Kelly has always been interested in the history of religion. Using what little free time she has, she decided to take a course in comparative religion at the local university. She thinks that the course would be interesting and enjoyable. Kelly is not pursuing a degree in the subject, nor is she taking the class for a grade. What can you say about Kelly's motivation for taking the class?

She is intrinsically motivated.

______ is one characteristic that describes an organization without positive OB.

Single-minded focus on winning

On the first day of class, Professor Simmons explains what the goals of the course are and what he expects of his students. This represents ______ of effective performance management.

Step 1, Defining Performance,

An effective performance management system consists of four steps that form a feedback loop.

True

Attentional deficit can result from lack of sleep, conflicting priorities, or counterfactual thinking.

True

Collecting performance information from multiple sources helps a person being evaluated to get a broad view of his or her performance.

True

Lenore has a fight with her best friend, Samantha, and doesn't want to speak to her. She unfriends her on social media. By doing this, Lenore is using _________, thereby removing consequences from an undesirable behavior.

extinction

Allen makes suggestions to his boss about how the department's performance can improve. Although his boss always compliments his ideas, he never acts on them. Allen then stops making suggestions. This is an example of

extinction.

Polly works as a bartender. A few people wave money at her so that she will serve them first. She finds this to be rude and, so, either ignores them or serves them last. People realize that Polly serves the people who wait politely first, and much of the rude behavior stops. Polly used the model of

extinction.

Organizational ______ is the host of procedures, policies, routines, and rules that organizations use to get things done.

practices

Which of the following is not an appropriate measure of goal achievement?

lack of interpersonal conflict

A head chef of a restaurant encourages his subordinates to be creative in the culinary arts. He does not believe in using prescribed recipes while cooking. Rather, he allows them to create unique recipes and use different ingredients to prepare dishes. This implies that the head chef established _________ goals.

learning

Dr. Slotsky is a well-liked professor. Last term, no one received less than a B in any of his courses. Dr. Slotsky may be suffering from _________ perceptual error.

leniency

Which of the following is not an outcome likely to result from positive emotions?

loss of focus

Dr. Riley, a professor in the economics department, finds that if he keeps his door open, people tend to stop in to say hello. This interruption is distracting. So now Dr. Riley keeps his office door open only a crack during his office hours, asking visitors to knock before entering. This small change allows him to grade exams more quickly and accurately. This is an example of his increasing his

mindfulness.

Chris just finished a calculus test. Afterward, he walked all the way across campus without being aware of anything or anyone he passed. Chris is being

mindless.

Josh runs into heavy traffic every day while driving to work. Yesterday, he left home earlier than usual and did not run into heavy traffic. Again, today, he left earlier and avoided heavy traffic. His behavior of leaving earlier enabled him to avoid heavy traffic and reach the office on time. In which of the following processes did Josh engage?

negative reinforcement

An example of a(n) _____ goal is when Melissa's manager sets a goal for her to produce 16 widgets per hour.

objective

Sales quotas and piecework are best measured using ________ goals.

objective

Kerry's manager asks her to head up a team reviewing office protocols. Kerry is in a great mood, having received a substantial bonus last week. This indicates that _____ experiences lead us to be more responsive to positive information.

positive

Which forms of consequence strengthen a desired behavior?

positive and negative reinforcement

Flourishing represents the extent to which our lives contain PERMA—

positive emotions, engagement, relationships, meaning, and achievement.

Matt completes his assignments on time. His teacher said that she would allow extra play time to children who submit their assignments on or before the due date. Which of the following made Matt complete his assignments on time?

positive reinforcement

Macallan Financial investment makes decisions based on financial research, interviewing managers and employees at companies under consideration, and assessing the _____ by examining annual rankings contained in independent sources such as Fortune and Working Mother. These rankings measure communication, work-life balance, training and development, recognition for hard work and teamwork.

potential for advancement

Jenna and Martin complete their part of Project Zenith. Their progress is best measured against _____ goals.

task

Wendy is running the weekly staff meeting at Janus Services. Brad, a coworker, is unprepared for the meeting and doesn't have the correct information for his department. He is increasingly rude and impatient, annoying the other staff members. Brad is exhibiting a lack of

temperance.

Dr. Beswick enjoys teaching college courses. She likes the salary as well as the ability to travel in summers. However, she also finds the job challenging and enjoyable. This would imply that she is working for

total rewards.

Negative feedback can have a positive motivational effect.

true

Typically, managers overemphasize performance goals and underemphasize learning goals.

true

Hope consists of

willpower and waypower.

To have hope you need to have a goal and the determination to achieve it. This is called

willpower.

The concept of ________ is defined as a state of being completely involved in an activity for its own sake.

flow

Barney is late to work one morning, so he drives over the speed limit through a school zone. As a result, he gets pulled over by a police officer and receives a ticket. This scenario is an instance of

punishment.

Denise sets a goal of completing the literature review portion of her research paper by Sunday night. This is a(n) ________ goal.

project