Practice Exam Questions
Using the original Borg scale, it is recommended that the exercise intensity elicit an RPE within the range of 8 to 12. 12 to 16. 14 to 18. 6 to 10.
12 to 16.
The prime movers for extension of the knee are the _____ biceps femurs Biceps brachii Quadriceps femurs Gastrocnemius
Quadriceps femoris
Myocardial oxygen consumption is best estimated from _____ Maximal oxygen consumption RPP Cardiac output HR
RPP (rate pressure product)
End-diastolic volume is highest when measured with the client in which position? Recumbent Sitting Standing Supine
Recumbent
As a result of exercise training, cardiac output becomes Higher at any given workload Lower at any given workload Essentially unchanged at any given workload Diminished because of reduced SV
Essentially unchanged at any given workload
The anaerobic threshold occurs at the onset of Oxidative phosphorylation Maximal oxygen consumption Metabolic acidosis Aerobic metabolism
Metabolic acidosis
All of the following statements are true regarding long bones except ______. The diaphysis is composed of compact bone The epiphysis consists of spongy bone Most bones of the axial skeleton are this type The central shaft encases the medullary canal
Most bones of the axial skeleton are this type
Functions of bone include all of the following except Support for the body Protection of organs and tissues Production of red blood cells Production of force
Production of force
The exercise leader or health/fitness instructor should modify exercise sessions for participants with hypertension by Shortening the cool-down to less than 5 minutes. Eliminating resistance training completely. Prolonging the cool-down. Implementing high-intensity (>85% of HRR), short-duration intervals.
Prolonging the cool-down.
The concept of shaping refers to _____ Using self monitoring techniques Using visual prompts The process for establishing self efficacy Setting intermediate goals that lead to a long term goal
Setting intermediate goals that lead to a long term goal
An appropriate exercise for improving the strength of the low back muscles are _____. Straight leg lifts Parallel squats Spinal extension exercises Sit-ups with feet anchored
Spinal extension exercises
Which of the following would most appropriately assess a previously sedentary, 40 year old female clients muscular strength Using a 30- pound barbell to preform biceps curls to fatigue Holding a handgrip dynamometer at 15 pounds to fatigue Performing modified curl-ups to fatigue Using a 5 pound dumbbell to perform multiple sets of biceps curls to fatigue
Using a 30- pound barbell to preform biceps curls to fatigue
What common medications taken by clients with end-stage renal disease requires careful management for those undergoing hemodialysis Antihypertensive medication Lithium Cholestyramine Cromolyn sodium
Antihypertensive medication
The recommended cardiorespiratory exercise training goal for apparently healthy individuals should be ____. 15 minutes, six times per week, at 90% of HRR 30 minutes, 3 times per week, at 85% of HRR 60 minutes, three times per week, at 85% of HRR 30 minutes of weight training, three times per week, at 60 % of HRR
30 minutes, 3 times per week, at 85% of HRR
The VO2max remains relatively unchanged throughout childhood, however after age 25, it typically decreases by 0 to 5% each decade 5 to 15% each decade 15 to 20% each decade 15 to 20% each year
5 to 15% each decade
For optimal cardiovascular as well as balance and flexibility adaptations, an elderly person generally should exercise how many days per week? 1 2 3 5 to 7
5 to 7
The appropriate exercise HR for an individual on -blocking medication would generally be _____. 75% of HRR 30 BPM above the standing resting HR 40% of HRR (200 - age) * 0.85
75% of HRR
Angular motion occurs when _____. A force is applied off-center to a freely movable object A freely movable object move in a straight line when a force is applied on-center An object is free to move only in a linear path All of these
A force is applied off-center to a freely movable object
For a client taking a 3-blocker who has lowered resting blood pressure and heart rate, which of the following statements is true A submaximal test will provide the best estimate of the clients fitness A submaximal test may underestimate the clients fitness A submaximal test may overestimate the clients fitness The client should be tested only when not taking the medication
A submaximal test may overestimate the clients fitness
Which of the following would provide the smallest potential energy source in the body? Fat Protein PCr ATP
ATP
A standard site for the measurement of circumferences is the____ Abdomen Neck Wrist Ankle
Abdomen
The rear-foot motion called pronation results from a combination of Abduction, eversion, and plantarflexion Adduction, inversion, and plantarflexion Abduction, eversion, and dorsiflexion Adduction, inversion, and dorsiflexion
Abduction, eversion, and dorsiflexion
The five A's of counseling are Address, assess, act, assist, and arrange follow up Address, assess, advise, assist, and act Address, assess, advise, assist, and arrange follow up Act, assess, advise, assist, and arrange follow up
Address, assess, advise, assist, and arrange follow up
encouraging moderate intensity activity and the accumulation of activity throughout the day are examples of Relapse prevention counseling Using the Stages of change Allowing individuals in exercise choices Addressing the individuals agenda
Allowing individuals in exercise choices
In general, the higher the intensity of the activity, the greater the contribution of ______ Aerobic energy production Anaerobic energy production The Krebs cycle to the production of ATP The electron-transport chain to the production of ATP
Anaerobic energy production
All of the following factors are important to consider when determining exercise intensity EXCEPT An individual's level of fitness. The risk of cardiovascular or orthopedic injury. Any previous history participating in organized sports. Individual preference and exercise objectives.
Any previous history participating in organized sports.
Given the sensitivity of the exercise ECG, stress testing conducted on 100 cardiac rehabilitation clients with documented CAD would be expected to produce what results All 100 clients show ECG indicators of CAD Approximately 50 clients show ECG indicators of CAD Approximately 30 clients would show ECG indicators of CAD Approximately 70 clients would show ECG indicators of CAD
Approximately 70 clients would show ECG indicators of CAD
The aging-related loss of elasticity (or hardening) of the arteries is known as Atherosclerosis Arteriosclerosis Atheroma Adventitia
Arteriosclerosis
One mistake that health care providers and exercise promoters make is to _____ Assume that most individuals are ready to change their behavior Encourage the accumulation of moderate intensity activity throughout the day Legitimize a clients concerns Use the five A's strategy for counseling
Assume that most individuals are ready to change their behavior
Transitional care exercise and rehabilitation programs are NOT appropriate for Clients with functionally limiting chronic disease. Clients with comorbid disease states. Asymptomatic clients with a functional capacity of 10 MET. Clients at 1 week after CABG surgery.
Asymptomatic clients with a functional capacity of 10 MET.
The total number of muscle fibers is fixed at an early age but At adolescence, males exhibit rapid hypertrophy of muscle In comparison to males, females exhibit a more rapid hypertrophy of muscle Males lose muscle mass faster at an early age when they remain sedentary males tend to exhibit muscle hypertrophy at a later age than female
At adolescence, males exhibit rapid hypertrophy of muscle
Which of the following best explains the pathophysiology of CAD Injury to the arterial wall beings in the tunica media - endothelium Platelets and thrombi form in the tunica adventitia The endothelium takes up lipids, especially LDL Atherosclerotic lesions form the tunica intima
Atherosclerotic lesions form the tunica intima
Which of the following statements regarding cooldown is FALSE? The emphasis should be large muscle activity performed at a low to moderate intensity Increasing venous return should be a priority during cool-down The potential for improving flexibility may be improved during cool-down Between 1 and 2 minutes are recommended for an adequate cool-down
Between 1 and 2 minutes are recommended for an adequate cool-down
Standard sites for the measurement of skinfolds include the ______. Medial thigh Biceps Infrailiac Forearm
Biceps
The C-shaped cartilages of the trachea allow all of the following to occur except Ciliated movement of mucus-secreting cells Distention of the esophagus Maintenance of open airway Prevention of tracheal collapse during pressure changes
Ciliated movement of mucus-secreting cells
Controlling pool water temperature (83-88°F), avoiding jarring and weight - bearing activities, and avoiding movement in swollen, inflamed joints are special considerations for exercise in Clients afteratherectomy. Clients with angina. Clients with osteoporosis. Clients with arthritis.
Clients with arthritis.
What action should you take for a 55 year old client who has three risk factors for heart disease and complains of fatigue on exertion? Conduct a submaximal stress test without the presence of a physician Conduct a maximal diagnostic stress test in the presence of a physician Use a questionnaire to evaluate activity and do not conduct a test Start the client exercising slowly, and test after 6 weeks
Conduct a maximal diagnostic stress test in the presence of a physician
The primary effects of chronic exercise training on lipid values are Decreased triglycerides and increased HDL Decreased TC and LDL Decreased HDL and increased LDL Decreased TC and increased HDL
Decreased triglycerides and increased HDL
A well designed consent document developed in consultation with a qualified legal professional provides your facility with _____ Documentation of a good-faith effort to educate your clients Legal documentation of a client's understanding of assessment procedures Legal immunity against lawsuits No legal benefit
Documentation of a good-faith effort to educate your clients
All of the following are suggestive of cardiovascular and pulmonary disease Except Palpations that occur at rest Dyspnea during strenuous exertion Syncope during moderate intensity exercise training Substernal burning during exertion that dissipates with at rest
Dyspnea during strenuous exertion
Which of the following factors does not impair an older individual's ability to thermoregulate? Reduced total body water Decreased Renal function Decreased Vascular peripheral responsiveness Enhanced sweat response
Enhanced sweat response
Strenuous exercise can predispose children to which of the following Osteoporosis Osteoarthritis Malignant Tumors Epiphysis
Epiphysis
Which of the following statements regarding exercise for persons with controlled cardiovascular disease is TRUE? Resistance exercise training is dangerous and should be avoided. A physician-supervised exercise test is not necessary to establish exercise intensity. Anginal pain is normal during exercise, and participants should be pushed through the pain. Exercise intensity should be set at an HR of 10 bpm less than the level at which signs/symptoms were evidenced during an exercise test.
Exercise intensity should be set at an HR of 10 bpm less than the level at which signs/symptoms were evidenced during an exercise test.
The goal for the obese exercise participant should be to Sweat as much as possible. Exercise at 85% of HRR. Perform resistance exercise three to five times per week. Expend 300 to 500 calories per exercise session.
Expend 300 to 500 calories per exercise session.
Lead V1 is located at the _____ Fifth intercostal space, left sternal border Midclavicular line, fourth intercostal space Fourth intercostal space, right sternal border Midclavicular line, lateral to xiphoid process
Fourth intercostal space, right sternal border
An exercise program for elderly persons generally should emphasize increased Frequency Intensity Duration Intensity and frequency
Frequency
The intervertebral disks have which of the following characteristics? Calcified outer ring Gelatinous inner nucleus portion Gray matter surrounding the neural cell bodies All of these
Gelatinous inner nucleus portion
Cardiac muscle action potentials are longer in duration than those of skeletal muscle. the longer action potential does not allow the muscle to Twitch under go summation Have tetanus Summarize
Have tetanus
Fast-twitch muscle fibers have which of the following characteristics compared with slow twitch muscle fibers Easily fatigued and well developed aerobic systems High force production and well developed blood supply High PCr stores and high ATPase stores None of these
High PCr stores and high ATPase stores
A client taking a calcium-channel blocker most likely will exhibit which of the following responses during exercise Hypertensive response Increased ischemia Improved anginal thresholds Severe hypotension
Improved anginal thresholds
A specific benefit of regular exercise for patients with angina is Improved ischemic threshold at which angina symptoms occur. Increased myocardial oxygen demand at the same submaximal levels. Eradication of all symptoms. Elevation of B P.
Improved ischemic threshold at which angina symptoms occur.
When compared with leg exercise, arm exercise results in a relatively? Increased HR at all intensities Lower SBP at all intensities Increased venous return at all intensities Increased VO2 max
Increased HR at all intensities
When determining the intensity level, the RPE is a better indicator than percentage of maximal HR for all of the following groups EXCEPT Individuals on -blockers. Aerobic classes that involve excessive arm movement. Individuals older than 65 years. Individuals involved in high-intensity exercise.
Individuals involved in high-intensity exercise.
The three functions of the participant-centered education and counseling model include Identifying high risk situations, developing a plan for these situations, and eliminating all or none thinking Information gathering, developing a helping relationship, and participant education and counseling Exhibiting empathy, legitimizing a clients concerns, and forming a partnership Assessing, asking questions, and establishing a supportive relationship
Information gathering, developing a helping relationship, and participant education and counseling
Which of the follwing actions involving termination of exercise testing is correct? Immediately terminate the test if muscular fatigue occurs Initiate the test termination process when cardiac complications occur Initiate the test termination process when the intermittent premature ventricular contractions are detected on ECG Immediately terminate the test when the intermittent premature ventricular contractions are detected on ECG
Initiate the test termination process when the intermittent premature ventricular contractions are detected on ECG
The arm is capable of performing all of the following motions except Flexion Abduction Inversion Supination
Inversion
A client in your exercise class has been complaining of back pain with no ridiculer symptoms. This person has been treated medically and is now joining the exercise program to improve flexibility in the low back. Which exercise would be most appropriate for this person to address the stated goal? Hip flexor stretch Knee to chest stretch Gastrocnemius stretch Lateral trunk stretch
Knee to chest stretch
Although 12-lead testing is the optimal ECG configuration, if only one lead can be used, which one should it be? Lead II Lead AVL Lead V5 Lead V1
Lead V1
The most accurate screening method for signs and symptoms of CAD is a Maximal exercise test with a 12-lead ECG Submaximal exercise test with a 12-lead ECG Discontinuous protocol, stopping at 85% of maximal heart rate Continuous protocol, stopping at 85% of maximal heart rate
Maximal exercise test with a 12-lead ECG
Hydro densitometry has several sources of error which of the following is not a common source of error when using this technique to determine body composition? Measurement of the vital capacity of the lungs Interindividual variability in the amount of air in the gastrointestinal tract Interindividual variability in the density of the individual lean tissue compartment Measurement of the residual volume
Measurement of the vital capacity of the lungs
Which of the following statements regarding exercise leadership is false? The exercise leader should be fit enough to exercise with any of his or her participants Most people are not bored by exercise and can easily find time to participate in an exercise program The exercise leader should adjust the exercise intensity based on individual differences in fitness Periodic fitness assessment may provide evidence of improvement in fitness for some participants
Most people are not bored by exercise and can easily find time to participate in an exercise program
The transtheoretical model assumes that individuals Move through stages of behavioral change at a steady pace Only progress forward through the steps Move back and forth along the stage continuum Tend to use behavioral processes during the earlier stages of change
Move back and forth along the stage continuum
The MINIMAL duration of exercise necessary to achieve improvements in health for deconditioned individuals is 20 minutes continuously. 30 minutes continuously. Multiple sessions of more than 10 minutes in duration throughout the day. Two sessions of 20 minutes throughout the day.
Multiple sessions of more than 10 minutes in duration throughout the day.
In the organization of skeletal muscle, the muscle cell contains the contractile proteins, which of the following is a contractile protein? Myosin Muscle fascicle Myofibril Muscle fiber
Myosin
In response to regular resistance training Older men and women demonstrate similar or even greater strength gains when compared to younger individuals Younger men have greater gains in strength than older men younger women have greater gains in strength than older women Younger men and women demonstrate similar or greater strength gains compared to older persons
Older men and women demonstrate similar or even greater strength gains when compared to younger individuals
Which of the following statements regarding warm-up is False? Muscle Blood flow is increased as a result of warm-up Peripheral vasodilation occurs as a result of warm-up Peripheral vasoconstriction occurs as a result of warm-up Between 5 and 10 minutes should be allotted for a warm-up period
Peripheral vasoconstriction occurs as a result of warm-up
Many clients have VVI-mode programmed pacemakers. Which of the following is TRUE regarding exercise programming with WI pacemakers? Persons with WI pacemakers may be chronotropically (HR) competent with exercise but require longer warm-up and gradual increase in intensity during the initial exercise portion of their session. Persons who are chronotropically competent are tachycardic at rest and should not exercise at low intensities. BP response is not a good marker of intensity effort in those with WI pacemakers and need not be evaluated during an exercise session. Persons with WI pacemakers must avoid exercise on the bicycle ergometer because of the location of the ventricular lead wire and potential for displacement.
Persons with WI pacemakers may be chronotropically (HR) competent with exercise but require longer warm-up and gradual increase in intensity during the initial exercise portion of their session.
During the cool-down phase of an exercise session, clients should be encouraged to Rehydrate Decrease the intensity of activity quickly to decrease cardiac afterload Limit the cool down period to 5 minutes Increase the number of isometric activities
Rehydrate
During exercise of increasing intensity, the SV of normally adults Continues to increase throughout the duration of exercise up to VO2 max Remains relatively stable during submaximal exercise of greater than approximtely 50% of VO2max Will continue to increase and then level off just before achievement of VO2max None of these
Remains relatively stable during submaximal exercise of greater than approximately 50% of VO2max
Which of the following statements regarding exercise for the elderly is FALSE? A decrease in maximal HR is responsible for reductions in the maximal oxygen consumption as we age. A loss of fat-free mass is responsible for the decrease in muscular strength as we age. The ACSM recommends a cardiorespiratory training intensity of 50% to 70% of HRR for older adults. Resistance exercise training is not recommended for older adults.
Resistance exercise training is not recommended for older adults.
Blood from the peripheral anatomy flows to the heart through the superior and inferior venae cavae into the ______ Right atrium Left atrium Right Ventricle Left Ventricle
Right atrium
Which of the following strategies can help a person to maintain his or her physical activity? Schedule check-in appointments Reduce barriers Increase benefits Educating regarding different types of exercise
Schedule check-in appointments
In an effort to improve flexibility, the ACSM recommends _______. Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation Ballistic stretching The plough and hurdler's stretches Static stretches held for 10 to 30 seconds per repetition
Static stretches held for 10 to 30 seconds per repetition
Which of the following is an example of behavioral process in the transtheoretical model? Consciousness raising Stimulus control Dramatic relief Environmental reevaluation
Stimulus control
Cartilage is categorized as which of the following types of connective tissue? Loose Dense Fluid Supporting
Supporting
For a client who has a contradiction to exercise testing but could benefit greatly from the information gained through testing, which of the following statements is true? The contraindication is considered to be a relative contradiction The contraindication is considered to be an absolute contraindication The client should not be tested until the contraindication is resolved A submaximal test is the only test that the client should complete
The contraindication is considered to be a relative contradiction
In second -class lever The axis is located between the effort force and the resistance The resistance is located between the effort force and the axis The effort force is located between the resistance and the axis None of these
The resistance is located between the effort force and the axis
During mild to moderate exercise, pulmonary ventilation increases primarily as a result of increased ______ Tidal volume Breathing frequency Vital capacity Total lung volume
Tidal volume
All of the following are examples of aerobic exercise modalities except Weight training Walking Bicycling Stair climbing
Weight Training
Two individuals have the same body weight, gender, ethnic background, and skinfold measurement results. One is a 25 years old; the other is 45 years. Given the information which of the following statements is true? They both have the same percentage of body fate The 25-year-old individual is fatter The 45-year-old individual is fatter Who is fatter cannot be determined from the information given
Who is fatter cannot be determined from the information given
Following termination of a stress test, a 12 lead ECG is _____ monitored immediately, than every 1 to 2 minutes until exercise induced charges are at baseline Monitored immediately then at 2 to 5 minutes after the test Monitored immediately only Monitored and recorded only if any signs or symptoms arise during recovery
monitored immediately, than every 1 to 2 minutes until exercise induced charges are at baseline
Establishing specific expectations of what you are willing to do as a counselor and staying focused on exercise and physical activity issues and behavioral skills related to exercise are strategies for handling which type of participant? dissatisfied participant needy participant hostile participant shy participant
needy participant