Practice OA
Mr. Parker's unit test assesses students' understanding at Bloom's knowledge and comprehension levels. Based on this assessment, he should assume that his students will be able to do all of the following except:
use concepts they have learned in new situations
Despite the advantages of performance assessments, they pose several challenges for teachers. Which of the following is one of those challenges?
They may not be seen as appropriate for high-stakes testing purposes
A 4 or 5 year old child who has begun to develop a theory of mind
Understands that people's behavior is a reflection of their beliefs about the world.
Which of the following statements represents the most appropriate application of learning styles research to one's teaching practices?
Use a variety of instructional methods so that students will have opportunities to excel in their strong areas and to develop weaker areas
Which of the following statements represents the most appropriate application of learning styles research to one's teaching practices?
Use a variety of instructional methods so that students will have opportunities to excel in their strong areas and to develop weaker areas.
Which of the following situations calls for the administration of an achievement test?
A biology department is developing an advanced course and wants to select students on the basis of how much they understand about biology.
Which of the following situations reflects inert learning or knowledge?
A student does well on classroom tests, but is unable to use the information she learned when trying to write a term paper for that same class.
Teaching as inquiry involves four steps: asking useful questions, gathering data, reflection, and taking action. Which of the following best represents the step of gathering data?
A teacher asks her student to give a brief oral presentation about one aspect of the lessons they have been learning in history, and follows up with a short review of prior learning to fill in the gaps.
Under which of the following conditions would the use of an aptitude test be most appropriate?
A teacher must choose the 10 students most likely to succeed in a limited enrollment course
Teaching as inquiry involves four steps: asking useful questions, gathering data, reflection and taking action. Which of the following best represents the step of taking action?
A teacher works one-on-one with students who are falling behind in the class to help them to complete homework assignments and improve their overall performance.
Which is an example of Erikson's stage of autonomy versus shame occurs during which ages?
A two-year old insisting on helping her mom make cookies (ages 1.5 to 3)
A middle school student observes another cheating on a test. The student who cheated tells her after class that, "it's not a big deal because the teacher didn't see and doesn't really care." The student is exhibiting beliefs of which of Kohlberg's of moral development?
Pre-conventional
In order to get into the Ivy League college of her choice, high school senior set a goal to earn a perfect score on her college administration test, which is used to forecast her potential achievement in college. This is because administration test is believed to have
Predictive Validity
Mr. Lawrence praises a student who demonstrates appropriate transition behaviors so that other students may learn from that student's example. Which instructional approach best describes the situation?
Social Learning
Which of the following best describes Piaget's concept of a scheme?
An organized pattern of behavior or thought
Because Ms. Montoys has a very diverse 4th grade class in terms of learning skills and motivation, she decides to use an assessment for learning approach to assessment. Which of the following best reflects that approach?
Assess what students have learned every day with a variety of brief assessments
Piaget's work in moral development suggest that the typical 12 year old?
Believes that extenuating circumstances should be considered
As a kindergarten teacher, you would most likely observe which of the following play behaviors?
Boys playing next to each other with trucks and cranes
Which of the following describes constructivism?
Building knowledge frameworks (schemata) by connecting new learning to previous learning or experiences.
Mr. Delmar, a healthy teacher, just read a research article that reported the importance of attention to a student's ability to learn something new. The next day he arrived in class wearing a skintight bodysuit illustrated with each of the organs in order to deliver a lecture on how systems in the body work. Mr. Delmar has attempted to:
Combine art with science.
Margaret enjoys rock climbing but hates algebra because it is too confusing. In an effort to help her become a better math student, her instructor asks her to put in order the steps required to get to the top of a large rock. She then asks Margaret to list some similarities between algebra and rock climbing. Soon, Margaret begins to make the connection between the logical processes involved with each activity. The form of learning that Margaret's instructor has asked her to engage in is
Discovery learning
A researcher designs a test to measure young children's anxiety levels. If the test she creates accurately represents anxiety in young children, we can say that is has
Construct validity
You take a fun Facebook quiz that reviews your posts and uses that information to tell you your IQ. Since the quiz never asked you any questions that researchers develop to measure intelligence, the quiz lacks...
Construct validity
Ms. Tucker's class is busily engaged in a discussion about the three states of matter. The students are sharing their own understand of concepts, and working together to identify common themes and ideas. The end result will be a concept map that reflects their collective understanding. Which instructional approach is Ms. Tucker implementing?
Constructivism
Which of the following activities satisfies the complex response level of the psychomotor domain?
Cut 10 perfect paper circles independently
Sarah is at the age where she is learning important academic skills and wants to compare favorably with peers in school to achieve competence. Erickson would say she is at the stage of:
Industry vs. inferiority
Sarah is at the age where she is learning important academic skills and wants to compare favorably with peers in school to achieve competence. Erikson would say she is at the stage of?
Industry vs. inferiority
In a one-on-one test setting in which an intelligence test was being administered to a 3 year old girl, the diagnostician showed her a cardboard doll and asked the child to point to the doll's nose. The child took the cardboard cutout from the diagnostician, stared at it, then licked its face, and said, "Thats what my kitty does to me" and began to giggle. What might be at issue in this situation?
Examinee appropriateness
Mr. Lee wants to assess his student's ability to use and apply concepts they learned I their science class. Prior to the assessment, students have completed science experiments for the class. For the assessments, students have created a visual presentation of some sort to show what they learned. Which type of performance assessment is Mr. Lee using?
Exhibition
A teacher decides not to pay attention to Robert's wild hand-waving and calls on another student. Robert always launches into long, involved stories that change the direction of the class discussion. This teaching technique is most related to
Extinction
What strategy could be used in the classroom to support moral development according to Kohlberg?
Facilitate a class discussion on macromoral issues and student's impressions and responses to them.
Teaching children or adolescents is challenging because it requires...
Flexible decision making and a working knowledge of the topics being discussed.
If you decided to give many homework assignments in order to determine student progress, but did not count them toward a final grade, you would be using...
Formative assessment
Within ethnically diverse groups of students, cooperative learning is likely to
Foster an increased understanding of classmates from different ethnic groups
Which of the following activities is an example of an objective development approach to instruction?
Give students a list of materials with the requirement that they separate magnetic materials from non-magnetic materials
All but which one of the following goals could belong in the cognitive domain of educational objectives?
Students will be able to summarize and defend a personally held belief regarding the appropriate role of women in contemporary society.
The students in MS. Chen's classroom includes students of color, low-SES students, white middle-SES students, gifted and talented students, and students with disabilities. In thinking about how to work with such a diverse group, MS. Chen decides to focus on developing positive relationships among her students. Which theory could MS. Chen utilize, to help her achieve her goal of a socially supportive environment?
Humanistic
Ms. McCarver is very supportive in the new anti-bullying program introduced by their campus counselor because it is representative of her...
Humanistic approach to teaching
Given the information you have learned about how cultural differences can impact the learning process, if a young student doesn't look at you while are speaking this is probably because...
In the Childs culture of origin, it is a sign of respect to avert one's eye when speaking to an elder.
You assist one of your students in working out the spelling of the nine-letter word "wonderful," by relating the first syllable to the word, 'Won," which she can already spell, sounding out "Der" and reading the third to the word "full" then pointing out that each syllable is only three letters long. when she returns to her desk she holds up 3 fingers and spells each syllable correctly. from an information-processing standpoint, how can this strategy best be explained?
Information in working memory can be chunked so that more than 7 pieces of unrelated information become fewer pieces of related information for easier maintenance.
Rhonda, a 6th grader, loves to work in her father's wood shop crafting items that she designs. Often, however, when she approaches her father about letting her work with him, he dismisses her requests and tells her that she should "help your mother in the kitchen and stay out of my way" According to Erickson, Rhonda...
Is at risk for developing feelings of inferiority.
Which of the following reflects a decided advantage of criterion-referenced grading over norm-referenced grading?
It provided information about individual strengths and weaknesses.
Ms. Satele's seventh-grade English class has been working all year on different types of writing. At the end of the year, they are graded on the improvement they have shown in each of five different categories of writing. The students are required to submit examples of their work from early in the year, including drafts, as well as completed examples that show the development of self-reflection and analysis. This is known as
Portfolio
Rachel excels at language arts and math in school but finds PE challenging. She is also very reflective and prefers one or two close friends to many, probably because she finds social situations awkward. Howard Gardner might describe her as being strong in which of his multiple intelligences?
Linguistic verbal, mathematical logical, and intrapersonal.
A 6th grade teacher is looking for a strategy to increase student participation in whole-group discussion. He should:
Make recordings of his class and review them to see if he can change his instructional methods.
Which of the following is not a reason why mnemonic devices are effective?
Material is maintained in working memory.
Students to complete homework assignments every day for a week so that they are not required to take a practice quiz are responding according to the operate conditioning principle of?
Negative reinforcement
The basic purpose of giving standardized test is to
Obtain an accurate, representative sampling of some aspects of student behavior.
Principal Powers encourages professional development. Which of the following strategies may support her teachers' self-improvement?
Pairing teachers up to conduct peer observations for improvement
James frequently gets out of his seat and walks around the classroom without permission. In an effort to weaken this behavior, his teacher makes him stay in for recess and write 100 times, "I will stay in my seat during class." If this consequence has the intended effect of reducing the number of times James leaves his seat during class (an unlikely outcome), it is an example of...
Presentation punishment
A child who first realizes that learning is easier when words or ideas that belong to the same category are grouped together that generating a visual image of a word males it easier to recall is most likely to be at what grade level?
Primary grades
Nathan's parents have observed that he is becoming more sensitive to his siblings' feelings while at the same time he takes criticism more to heart and has a hard time adjusting when he fails at something he attempts. At which grade level do these characteristics begin to emerge?
Primary grades
Mrs. Young becomes dissatisfied with her school's absentee policy after reading about factors likely to influence students' self-esteem, motivation, and attendance rates. Although she is nervous about challenging the established policy at her school, she makes her findings known to her principal and school board members. Mrs. Young's behavior illustrates the process of
Problem finding
A fifth-grade student has learning disabilities that are not covered under that IDEA act. He is able to stay on top of assignments and barely passes his assessments, but his reading skills are poor, and he doesn't feel confident in his ability to keep up with his peers. What support can the teacher offer him, under the Vocational Rehabilitation Act?
Protect the student from bullying in the classroom
Which teaching practice is consistent with a constructivist approach to teaching?
Provide students with real-word problems that are challenging to complete.
Which learning activity would be most likely to promote formal operational thinking in a high school science class:
Providing instruction on problem solving techniques and asking students to work on a complicated science project.
Davis Elementary School implements a diagnostic program in which students are provided remedial instruction when first idenitified as demonstrating learning problems.
Response to Intervention
The student will, in class and in 30 minutes, correctly solve 12 of the 15 problems on page 10 of the text. This objective would most likely suit the needs of
Robert Mager
Mrs. Robbins teaches third grade. Her students are studying fractions. She has planned for a variety of instructional and assessment activities. Her students will practice working problems involving the addition/subtraction and multiplication/division of fractions until they remember to use the appropriate methods for handling like and unlike denominators. They will also work exercises in which they will be required to identify equivalent and nonequivalent values. Additionally, students will work in groups using fractions to measure ingredients for a snack they will prepare. At the end of the unit, all students will take an exam on which they will solve equations and write an essay about the use of fractions outside of math class. Mrs. Robbins's methods are best described as an application of _____ view of intelligence.
Robert Sternberg's
Mr. Schreiber is called out of the classroom for several minutes. Before leaving, he tells his students to read the next pages in the text and answer the questions at the end of the chapter. A minute later, however, several students are talking about sports, other students, and what they're going to do after school. However, Jada continues to read and formulate answers to the questions in the text. Jada's behavior is an example of:
Self-control
One day Jorge, a third-grade student, noticed that he is classmate Sharae received praise from their teacher every time she turned in her homework. Jorge decides that he will also turn in his homewok, because he'd like to receive that praise, too. For the next month, Jorge meets his goal of turning in his homework and receives the teacher's praise, and the other kids start to notice, so Jorge explains to his friend what happened. What key principle of social cognitive theory is the student demonstrating?
Self-regualted skill learning
Reflective teaching includes all but which of the following?
Sitting back and thinking about teaching and learning after a long day in the classroom.
Children from families of this category tend to have higher dropout rates, lower levels of achievement, poor quality health and living conditions, disadvantaged family and community environment, lower levels of motivation and achievement-related beliefs and values and negative classroom environments that children from the comparison category. The category described here is most likely...
Social class vs. higher SES.
One key difference between Piaget's and Vygotsky's theories of cognitive development is that Piaget believes that development must come first, and then learning can occur. Vygotsky believes the opposite--that the learning process causes growth and development. What is another area of disagreement between the two theorists?
Social interaction with more knowledgeable peers can greatly enhance cognitive development
All of the following technologies assist in reflective inquiry except
Social media for emotional support
Ms. Berman is discussing the testing results of a student she has referred to the gifted and talented program with the district diagnostician. Ms. Berman discovers that many gifted students score highly on the IQ test that was administered, and also receive individual subtest scores. Although there are some differences among these subtest scores, they are often close, giving the student a high IQ overall. Which theory would best explain this type of profile?
Spearman's Two-Factor Theory of Intelligence
Cody has performed well throughout school but enjoys applying his 'school learning' to the real world more than scoring highly on a test. He works with his dad, a contractor, on work sites when he can, where he realized he could use the Pythagorean theorem to help square corners when framing a house, and that measuring diagonals could do the same thing. Which theory would best explain Cody's type of intelligence?
Sternberg's Tricarchic Theory of Successful Intelligence
One of the defining features of cooperative learning is the use of heterogeneous groups: small groups of students who are very in ability, gender, and social economic status. What does the research say about the effectiveness of heterogeneous versus homogeneous ability groups?
Students in mixed ability groups do better on a tests of problem solving than students in homogeneous ability groups.
As their final exam, Mr. Elliott requires his World History students to write a comprehensive paper explaining the Renaissance period and the Reformation period and how they intersected. Which level of cognitive Domain is Mr. Elliott requiring of his students?
Synthesis
Remembering an important date in history because it is the same date as your father's birthday is an effective type of learning because
The new information is associated with something you already know
The research findings on ability grouping discussed in the text suggests that...
There is no empirical support for between-class ability grouping.
Mrs. Patel's 4th grade class working on understanding fractions. According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development, which activity would best support students who are having difficulty understanding the concepts?
Using manipulatives for hands-on practice
Vygotsky's research in the area of cognitive development in children indicates that
We learn best when instruction is pitched just above the lower limit of our zone of proximal development.
Leslie and Tony are in a cooperative learning group assigned to solve a political problem in their government class. Leslie tells the group that she wants to hear more from the 'liberals' in the group since the 'conservatives' outnumber them and are more outspoken. She is especially interested in hearing their thoughts on the third criterion in the rubric used for this task and how much emphasis they would put on it. Tony is focussing on the information presented in the assignment and issuing what they learned in class this week to analyze the problem and add his ideas to the list. Which set of learning styles are Leslie and Tony exhibiting?
Witkin's Field-Dependence and Field-Independence
Research on the effectiveness of using objectives leads to the conclusion that objectives...
Works best when students are aware of them.
Some psychologists believe that information in long-term memory (LTM) is organized in terms of schemata.Schemata can be defined as
abstract structures or frameworks of information
Mr. Starkey has noticed that the more accomplished his second-graders become in reading the more excited they are about library time. This will also affect his students'
academic self-concept
Selected-response tests do all but which of the following?
allow instructors to assess what students can do with what they've learned
A fifth-grade teacher is leading his class through a social studies lesson on the Civil War, and gives them an assignment to compare and contrast two major political or military figures, one from each side of the struggle. Which ability is the teacher focusing on, according to Sternberg's Triarchic Theory of Successful Intelligence
analytical
Ms. Carlson wants to use the computers in her classroom to increase her students; achievement in math. She knows that some types of computer programs help learning, but others do not. Which of the following have NOT been shown to improve student achievement?
artificial intelligence programs
Jeremy is tutoring Cody in their math homework. Jeremy is asking good questions and explaining why each problem-solving step comes next. Cody finally tells Jeremy that he's just making it harder and can he please just tell Cody what to do? Cody is clearly not a proponent of constructivist learning because he doesn't want to _________.
be an active learner
Teachers who are interested in using computer technology as a way to raise student motivation should look primarily at programs that emphasize
both extrinsic and intrinsic motivation
A second grader is typically uncomfortable with:
changing rules as the need arises
The benefit of giving students norm-referenced standardized achievement tests is that they allow parents and educators to
compare a student's level of achievement with other, similar students
Mr. Aberdeen is a new teacher who is on his first day finds himself overwhelmed by all the decisions he has to make regarding teaching content, managing student behavior, motivating students, addressing learning, and taking care of administration tasks. He realizes he is stressed by the....
complexity of teaching lack of support for his teaching
Elementary children's self-images are
composed of self-description, self-esteem, and self-concept.
Ms. Howard gave her high school senior students a graphic representation of the events leading up to the Revolutionary War, with blanks for them to enter additional notes regarding the values and politics surrounding each event. What learning tactic is described by this document?
concept mapping
If you were interested in using technology to support a social approach to teaching, you would be drawn to applications that lend themselves to
helping students negotiate ideas with one another
Zamir enjoys working with model rockets. His most recent project involved an extremely complex model that required several hours of assembly. Sternberg would probably say that Zamir's style is
executive
During algebra class, Mr. Harvey notices that many of his students are not payingattention to his famous "Quadratic Equation" lecture during which he draws funny chalkpictures to call attention to important steps. He instantly stops using the funny picturesand decides to alter his lecture by making it more interactive and student centered. Thestudents immediately become more interested and begin to pay attention. Later thatafternoon during his preparation period, he makes note of his failed attempt to capture theattention of the students with pictures and briefly outlines his altered lecture. Mr. Harveyhas
exhibited some of the qualities of a reflective teacher
Ms. Tarkington's advanced art class will have their work displayed anonymously in the school library. Each piece will be graded by a local art critic based on student's use of color, shading, negative space, and composition. This is an example of what type of assessment?
exhibition
Grace is proud of her Accelerated Reader program points and plans to read even more so she can pass more quizzes to gain points. Ariel loves to read, but sometimes forgets to take her Accelerated Reader quizzes to earn more points. Their teacher has commented on the irony of her devoted reader not being the top scoring student in their class. Grace is ____motivated to read while Ariel is ____ motivated to read.
extrinsically; intrinsically
A teacher decides to praise Imad's progress on the long-division workbook problems every twenty minutes. This teacher is using a schedule of reinforcement.
fixed interval
Mr. Torrance assigned his statistics students to view several mini-lessons on correlation coefficients at home then the next day in class provided an interesting and relevant set of data on adolescents' use of social media and diagnoses of depression. He assigned them to groups to analyze the data and report on their findings. This example of constructivism is called
flipping the classroom
Mrs. Ely needs to find out how well her students have learned several concepts and terms that she has recently taught them in science class. She can do this most efficiently by
giving her class a written test
Mr. Lehman is preparing his science unit for his 3rd-graders on animal habitats. The unit includes 5 different habitats and many species of animals. Which of the following is a constructivist approach he could use in his instruction?
helping students make connections between their existing knowledge and the new information they are learning
The move from 'melting pot' to multiculturalism in the us demonstates that we value
individuals have the right to participate in all aspects of the society without having to give up their cultural identity
Information held in long-term memory has the effect of
influencing what we selectively perceive and find meaningful
You have decided that the students in your kindergarten class will no longer be allowed to participate in unstructured play or imagination activities. These types of activities, in your opinion, are a waste of learning time and have no place in a solid curriculum. Your thoughts largely ignore the need to resolve which of the following psychosocial crises?
integrity versus despair
Demetria says to her teacher, "You know what? I bet I have fifty mystery books at home, and I love reading them over and over again. Each time I read them, I catch some clue that I missed before. If I had more time, I bet I could read a new book every night! Wouldn't that be cool?" According to motivational theories, Demetria continues to read her books primarily because
of high intrinsic motivation
The information-processing approach to analyzing cognitive function stresses all but which one of the following?
reinforcement
Mr. Lawrence praises a student who demonstrates appropriate transition behaviors so that other students may learn from that student's example. Which instructional approach best describes this situation?
social learning
According to Erikson, personality growth occurs in eight stages that are characterized by
the confrontation and resolution of various crises for better or worse
Mr. Fradigio would like to investigate the effectiveness of wearing bandannas on the retention of information among his high school seniors. He believes that the tighter students tie their bandanas the better they will recall lecture material. To see if his theory is correct, one-third of his morning history class wear extremely tight bandannas, one-third wear moderately tight bandannas, and one-third wear a loose fitting band. He lectures and then administers the regular exam to each of the classes. He repeats the same experiments the following term with a new group of students. He then writes about his experiment and reports the results in the weekly school newsletter. Mr. Fradigio's inquiry is an example of
the scientific method
According to the attribution theory, high achievers typically attribute success in school to _________ and failure in school to ________.
their own abilities; lack of effort
During recess, a normally well-behaved student sees the rest of his class throwing pine cones at one another. The recess monitor was not paying attention and did not intervene. The student sees that other students seem to be having fun in this inappropriate activity, so he picks up pine cones and throws them at his friends. This is an example of
vicarious learning