PRACTICE QUESTIONS (LIFE SCIENCE 1: CELL STRUCTURES)
When does differentiation begin in a human embryo? A) Day 4-5 B) Day 10 C) Day 25-26 D) Day 50
A) Day 4-5
Which of the following nucleotides is not found in DNA? A) adenine B) uracil C) thymine D) cytosine
B) uracil
_____ stem cells are capable of self-renewal and limited differential A) embryonic B) somatic C) amniotic fluid
C) Amniotic fluid
Cells are surrounded and protected by... A) Proteins B) Carbohydrates C) Lipids D) Nucleic acid
C) Lipids
In which stage does the sister chromatids separate and move to opposite sides of the cells? A) prophase B) metaphase C) anaphase D) telophase
C) anaphase
How long does a mutation last? A) a few weeks B) until the cell reaches mitosis C) as long as the cell lives
C) as long as the cell lives
Which best describes cancer cells? A) cancer cells cannot enter the circulatory system B) cancer cells grow controllably C) cancer cells attach to organs D) cancer cells lose nutrients to healthy cells
C) cancer cells attach to organs
Which are replicated during interphase? A) sister chromatids B) chromosomes C) centromeres D) nuclei
B) chromosomes
Living organisms respond to change in environmental changes such as temperature. Which series lists the correct order in which the body would respond to such a change? A) tissue, cell organ, organ system, organism B) tissue, cell, organ system, organ, organism C) cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism D) cell, tissue, organ system, organ, organism
C) cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism
The body determines whether genes should be expressed or not. Sometimes genes are only turned on once or twice in a lifetime. Which example best illustrates this point? A) milk producing hormone after childbirth B) insulin after eating C) adrenaline when scared or in danger
A) milk producing hormone after childbirth
Which can disrupt the cell cycle? A) mutation B) G0 phase C) replication D) Cancer
A) mutation
What is the end result of mitosis? A) one cell with two identical copies of DNA B) two cells with different copies of DNA C) one cell with two different copies of DNA
A) one cell with two identical copies of DNA
In which phase of mitosis are chromosomes first seen as a result of chromatin coiling? A) prophase B) anaphase C) metaphase D) telophase
A) prophase
In which stage does chromatin condense into chromosomes and spindles begin to form? A) prophase B) metaphase C) anaphase D) telophase
A) prophase
Through which microscope were cells first observed? A) simple microscope B) compound light microscope C) electrón microscope D) tunneling microscope
A) simple microscope
Which microscope did Anton van Leeuwenhoek use to observe single-celled organisms? A) simple microscope B) compound light microscope C) electrón microscope D) tunneling microscope
A) simple microscope
Which type of cell is capable of self-renewal? A) stem cell B) blood cell C) muscle cell D) neuron
A) stem cell
What occurs to cell during mitosis Check all that apply A) the cell divides B) DNA is duplicated C) two daughter cell are formed D) chromosomes are duplicated
A) the cell divides C) two daughter cells are formed
What is typical of cell reproduction when cancer cells are reproduced in a Petri dish from a tissue culture? Check all that apply. A) cells undergo 20-50 mitotic divisions B) cells reproduce without limit C) cells reproduce with multiple layers D) cells reproduction never stops
B) cells reproduce without limit C) cells reproduce with multiple layers D) cells reproduction never stops
Which experiments led to changes to the original cell theory? A) experiments that showed blood cells transport gases, waste, and nutrients through our body B) experiments that showed that all cells are similar in how they metabolize and their composition C) experiments that transplanted synthetic chromosomes into bacterial cells to create q new species D) experiments that established the existence of single-cells organisms and microbes
B) experiments that showed that all cells are similar in how they metabolize and their composition
Why is mitosis important to organisms? Check all that apply A) reproduction of the organisms B) growth of the organisms C) repair of damaged or dead cells D) reproduction of new cells
B) growth of the organisms C) repair of damaged or dead cells D) reproduction of new cells
When conditions change and cells are not in balance anymore, what has been disrupted? A) stem cells B) homeostasis C) differentiation D) specialized cells
B) homeostasis
Which changing external conditions trigger thirst? A) lack of oxygen B) lack of water C) disease-causing agente D) change in temperature
B) lack of water
Which stage does the sister chromatids line up along the middle of the cell? A) prophase B) metaphase C) anaphase D) telophase
B) metaphase
During which phase of mitosis do the nuclear membrane, nucleolus, and nucleus dissolve? A) metaphase B) prophase C) anaphase D) telophase
B) prophase
_______ occurs during the S (synthesis) phase of interphase. A) growth of the cell B) replication of DNA C) division of the cell
B) replication of DNA
Which microscope is often used to view metal surfaces? A) scanning electron microscope B) scanning tunneling microscope C) transmission electron microscope D) compound light microscope
B) scanning tunneling microscope
Stem cells are found in adult tissue, such as in the bone marrow, brain, muscle, skin and liver are only capable of _______. A) differentiation B) self-renewal
B) self-renewal
________ stem cells are capable of self-renewal and not differential. A) embryonic B) somatic C) amniotic fluid
B) somatic
This picture shows a carafe of olive oil. What is one of the primary functions of this food in the body? A) building proteins B) storing energy C) providing structure to cell walls D) carrying genetic informatiin
B) storing energy
What would happen to an organism if mitosis did not occur. Check all that apply A) the organism would not be affected B) the organism would not grow C) if an organism were cut or burned the damaged area would not heal D) the organism would not produce new cells
B) the organism would not grow C) if an organism were cut or burned the damaged area would not heal D) the organism would not produce new cells
When skin cells have third degree burns, skins grafts are used. What is the benefit to using skin grafts? A) they provide a permanent layer of skin for the burned area B) they protect the burn from infection C) they provide a shorter healing time for the burned area
B) they protect the burn from infection
What is the purpose of the G2 phase of interphase. Check all that apply. A) to copy DNA B) to ensure DNA is copied correctly C) to ensure the cell is the proper size D) to allow the cell to grow if needed
B) to ensure DNA is copied correctly C) to ensure the cell is the proper size D) to allow the cell to grow if needed
The human body is insulted by ________. A) Proteins B) Carbohydrates C) Lipids D) Nucleic acid
C) Lipids
At which point in the eukaryotic cell cycle can a DNA mutation occur? A) G1 phase B) G2 phase C) S phase D) M phase
C) S phase
How are proteins and Nucleic acids related? A) They both provide energy B) They both carry genetic information C) The structure of proteins is determined by Nucleic acids D) The subunits of Nucleic acids are also the subject bits of proteins
C) The structure of proteins is determined by Nucleic acids
In which of these stages is mitosis most important? A) a tiger club is born B) a tiger club learns to walk C) a tiger club begins to grow D) a tiger club play-fights
C) a tiger club begins to grow
Which statement accurately describes the relationship between cytokinesis and mitosis? A) mitosis includes interphase and cytokinesis B) cytokinesis precedes mitosis C) cytokinesis occurs during mitosis D) interphase includes cytokinesis and mitosis
C) cytokinesis occurs during mitosis
After duplication, at what point does a cell become two cells with identical DNA? A) starting in prophase B) end of anaphase C) end of cytokinesis
C) end of cytokinesis
Which of these pairings is incorrect? A) blood cells, components of blood B) neurons, conduct electrical impulses C) epithelial cells, react to stimuli D) muscle cells, elongated cells that can contract
C) epithelial cells, react to stimuli
What controls differentiation? A) cells B) chromosomes C) genes
C) genes
_____ determine how cells are differentiated A) stem cells B) differentiation cells C) genes
C) genes
What occurs during G1 and G2 in the cell cycle? A) synthesis of the cell B) growth of DNA C) growth of the cell
C) growth of the cell
After chromosomes are found, during which phase of mitosis do the chromosomes attach a spindle fibers by their centromere? A) anaphase B) prophase C) metaphase D) telophase
C) metaphase
When the cell cycle is interrupted, what is the end of the results? A) tumor B) new cells C) mutations
C) mutations
Which of the following polymers is created by joining amino acids? A) DNA B) Lipid C) protein D) carbohydrate
C) protein
Which reason best describes why dead specimens must be used with transmission electron microscopes? A) electrons pass over the specimen B) the light that are used are harmful to the specimens C) specimens are placed in a vacuum D) the image that is produced is two-dimensional
C) specimens are placed in a vacuum
A mutation occurs that prevents a cell from taking in the glucose that is needed for energy production. What is most likely to happen? A) a tumor will form B) the cell will divide uncontrollably C) the cell will die D) nutrients are stolen from normal cells nearby
C) the cell will die
Which best describes red blood cells? A) they are colorless B) they protect against disease-carrying microorganisms C) they transport oxygen throughout the body D) they aid in blood clotting
C) they transport oxygen throughout the body
During the final stage of the cell cycle, cytokinesis allows the cell to finish dividing creating _______ A) one cell with identical copies of DNA B) one cell with different copies of DNA C) two cells with identical copies of DNA D) two cells with different copies of DNA
C) two cells with identical copies of DNA
When a disease-causing agent enters an organism, the immune system alerts which specialized cells? A) red blood cells B) epithelial cells C) white blood cells D) somatic stem cells
C) white blood cells
A sperm cell and an egg cell fuse to form which structure? A) fetus B) gamate C) zygote D) stem cell
C) zygote
According to the cell theory, which describes cells? A) All organisms are composed of multiple cells B) All cells have the same structure and function C) Cells are found in everything on earth D) Living organisms are not created spontaneously
D) Living organisms are not created spontaneously
Hemoglobin, a protein is built by _______. A) Proteins B) Carbohydrates C) Lipids D) Nucleic acid
D) Nucleic acid
_________ determines what people look like. A) Proteins B) Carbohydrates C) Lipids D) Nucleic acid
D) Nucleic acid
Which was the first cell viewed by the light microscope? A) microbes B) atoms C) DNA D) Oak bark
D) Oak bark
Which macromolecules provides a person with the most energy that is needed for daily activities? A) Carbohydrates B) Lipids C) Nucleic Acid D) Proteins
D) Proteins
Which substance is a Nucleic acid? A) amino acid B) fat C) polysaccharide D) RNA
D) RNA
Which statement best describes the components of Nucleic acids? A) They are made up of chains of amino acids B) They are made up of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen C) They are made up almost entirely of carbon and hydrogen D) They are made up of nitrogenous bases, sugars, and phosphates
D) They are made up of nitrogenous bases, sugars, and phosphates
Which statement correctly compares Nucleic acids and carbohydrates? A) They both contain carbon, but only Nucleic acid contains hydrogen B) They both contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio C) They both contain carbon, but only carbohydrates contain oxygen D) They both contain carbon, but only Nucleic acids contain phosphorus
D) They both contain carbon, but only Nucleic acids contain phosphorus
What do scanning electron microscopes and transmission electron microscopes have in common? A) both generate three-dimensional images B) both offer magnification to the atomic level C) both are used to view parts of the cell D) both require a vacuum
D) both require a vacuum
Which statement best describes embryonic stem cells? A) embryonic stem cells are capable of self-renewal only. B) embryonic stem cells are capable of differentiation only C) embryonic stem cells are capable of self-renewal and limited differentiation D) embryonic stem cells are capable of self-renewal and unlimited differentiation
D) embryonic stem cells are capable of self-renewal and unlimited differentiation
Which of the following compounds is NOT created by joining monosaccharides? A) glycogen B) starch C) cellulose D) guanine
D) guanine
Where can cells that are able to differentiate be found? A) in muscles B) in brain C) in heart D) in amniotic fluid
D) in amniotic fluid
What would happen to skin cells of mitosis did not take place? A) skin cells would regrow from other types of cells B) skin cells would be replaced at a slower rate C) skin cells would be replaced with new cells D) skin cells would die and not be replaced
D) skin cells would die and not be replaced
Which cells are considered immortal? A) neurons B) blood cells C) cardiac muscle cells D) stem cells
D) stem cells
Which type of cells from new cells with specialized functions? A) differentiated cells B) muscle cells C) nerve cells D) stem cells
D) stem cells
Early in mitosis, the nucleus, nucleolus, and nuclear envelope begin to dissolve in preparation for cell division. In which stage of the cell cycle is this process reversed? A) cytokinesis B) interphase C) anaphase D) telophase
D) telophase
In which stage does the chromosomes disperse and are no longer visible? A) prophase B) metaphase C) anaphase D) telophase
D) telophase
Which of the steps in this sequence is an example of mitosis at work? A) a baseball hits the arm of a baseball player B) the player reacts quickly grabbing his arm C) a bruise forms where the ball hit the arm D) the bruise slowly disappears as the arm heals
D) the bruise slowly disappears as the arm heals
What is cancer? A) addition of new cells to replace damaged cells B) DNA replication C) celular death D) uncontrolled cell division
D) uncontrolled cell division
There are ____ chromosomes for one parent cell at the end of mitosis. A)23 B)46 C)48
B) 46
___________ provides structure for plants. A) Proteins B) Carbohydrates C) Lipids D) Nucleic acid
B) Carnohydrates
If Tyler does not eat a diet that includes essential amino acids, his cells will not be able to build... A) Nucleic acids B) Certain proteins C) Cell Membranes D) Certain Carbohydrates
B) Certain Proteins
This picture shows a jar of honey. Which statement is correct about this food? A) It contains disaccharides, a complex type of lipid B) It contains monosaccharides, the simplest carbohydrate C) It contains starch, which gives it a sweet taste. D) It contains lipids, which gives it a sweet taste
B) It contains monosaccharides, the simplest carbohydrate
Sebastian wants to make a ball-and-stick modules of the four macromolecules. He has colored balls for each elements in these molecules including the following. Red: hydrogen Black: carbon Purple: oxygen Green: nitrogen Which molecule could he make that consist of long chains of red and black colored balls A) Carbohydrates B) Lipids C) Nucleic Acids D) Proteins
B) Lipids
_____ are capable of differentiation to form specialized cells. A) Gamete cells B) Stem cells C) Chromosomes
B) Stem cells
At which point in the eukaryotic cell cycle does mitosis occur? A) before the G1 phase B) after the G2 phase C) following the S phase D) after the G0 phase
B) after the G2 phase
How does the cell cycle help organisms? A) growth, repair, and reproduction of cells B) reproduction of the organisms C) synthesis, replication, reproduction of DNA in cells
A) growth, repair, and reproduction of cells
What is the purpose of interphase in the eukaryotic cell cycle? A) cell repair B) cell growth C) cell reproduction D) cell division
B) cell growth
Mammals that live in the Arctic Ocean have a large amount of blubber, which is a fatty tissue just beneath the skin. Which statement best relates why these animals have so much blubber? A) Lipids in blubber insulate the animals from cold water B) Proteins in blubber help the animals move to stay warm C) Carbohydrates in blubber provides all the energy that the animals need to stay warm D) Nucleic Acids Yelp guile the lipids in blubber, which keeps animals warm by regulating cell activities
A) Lipids in blubber insulate the animals from cold water
Many molecules are moved through the body by.. A) Proteins B) Carbohydrates C) Lipids D) Nucleic acid
A) Proteins
_______ speed up the chemical reactions in body. A) Proteins B) Carbohydrates C) Lipids D) Nucleic acid
A) Proteins
Which examples show repair or replacement of damaged cells? A) a scrape being healed B) scars forming where a cut once belong C) skin flaking off your arm in the winter
A) a scrape being healed B) scars forming where a cut once belong
What is the purpose of interphase in the cell cycle? A) active growth and metabolism of the cell B) active cell growth and cytokinesis C) active division of the plasma membrane before mitosis
A) active growth and metabolism of the cell
According to the cell theory, which structure contains cells? A) blood B) water C) carbón dioxide D) chromosome
A) blood
What is a source of adult stem cells? A) bone marrow B) amniotic fluid C) embryos D) gametes
A) bone marrow
If a mutation occurred and cells no longer received a signal to stop reproducing, _____ would occur. A) cancer B) Tumors C) death of the organism
A) cancer
What is typical of cell reproduction, when normal cells are reproduced in a petri dish from a tissue culture? Check all that apply A) cells reproduce only when there is room in the Petri dish B) cells reproduce one thick layer and then stop reproducing C) cells undergo unlimited reproduction by mitosis D) when a cell dies or is damaged, a new one is created to fill the empty spot
A) cells reproduce only when there is room in the Petri dish B) cells reproduce one thick layer and then stop reproducing D) when a cell dies or is damaged, a new one is created to fill the empty spot
An example of mitosis at work is a plant root A) elongating B) absorbing C) pointing down D) breaking
A) elongating
______ stem cells are capable of self-renewal and differentiation A) embryonic B) somatic C) amniotic fluid
A) embryonic
Mitosis occurs in ______ cells A) eukaryotic B) prokaryotic
A) eukaryotic
What is the purpose of the cell cycle? A) growth and repair of cells B) reproduction of the organism C) replacement of healthy cells
A) growth and repair of cells
______ occurs during the G1 phase of interphase. A) growth of the cell B) duplication of chromosomes C) division of the cell
A) growth of the cell
At which of these locations is a dietician least likely to work A) School B) Theater C) Hospital D) Nursing home
B) Theater
Which example demonstrates growth of an organism as result of mitosis? A) a plant withering in the sunlight B) a baby growing into a toddler C) a seed becoming a plant
B) a baby growing into a toddler C) a seed becoming a plant
An error occurs when the DNA of the cell is copied. However, the cell does not divide after the error is detected. Which statement best describes the cell cycle for this cell? A) an error during the G1 phase is corrected during the G2 phase B) an error during the S phase is corrected during the G2 phase C) an error during the G1 phase is corrected during the S phase D) an error during the S phase is corrected during mitosis
B) an error during the S phase is corrected during the G2 phase
How does a dietician help a patient? A) A dietician treats vision problems B) A dietician cures genetic disorders C) A dietician performs surgery on patients to improve digestion D) A dietician helps patients get the proper amount of nutrients
D) A dietician helps patients get the proper amount of nutrients
The study of which structure was instrumental in the formulation of the modern cell theory? A) plant cell B) animal cell C) cell membrane D) DNA molecule
D) DNA molecule
Glycogen is an energy-storage molecule in humans. A hormone that is called insulin controls the storage of glycogen in the liver. Insulin is made up of amino acids. Which statement correctly identifies the types of macromolecules that are described? A) Glycogen is a protein, and insulin is a lipid B) Glycogen is a protein, and insulin is a protein C) Glycogen is a carbohydrate, and insulin is a lipid D) Glycogen is a carbohydrate, and insulin is a protein.
D) Glycogen is a carbohydrate, and insulin is a protein.