Practice Questions - Muscular system

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Which of the following muscles increases the angle between the bones of the fingers and hand? A. Extensor digitorum B. Extensor carpi ulnaris C. Flexor digitorum profundus D. Abductor pollicis longus

a. extensor digitorum

Which muscle and bone listed below do NOT work together in combination? A. Humerus and biceps femoris B. Quadriceps and tibia C. Femur and gluteal muscles D. Radius and biceps brachii

a. humerus and biceps femoris

The space between the ribs is filled with: A. Intercostal muscle B. Costal cartilage C. Intercostal space D. Pleura

a. intercostal muscle

Smooth muscle is different from skeletal muscle because smooth muscle: A. Is found in the walls of arteries B. Can be voluntarily contracted C. Has many nuclei in a cell D. Has intercalated discs between cells

a. is found in the walls of arteries

What is the role of acetylcholine in muscle cell contraction? A. It is a neurotransmitter. B. It binds to troponin causing it to change shape. C. It supplies the energy for contraction. D. It engages with the binding site on actin.

a. it is a neurotransmitter

Which is the largest of the structures in a muscle fibre? A. Myofibril B. Myofilament C. Myosin D. Myopic

a. myofibril

On what part of the body is the serratus anterior muscle located? A. On the front of the torso B. On the lower back C. At the front of the thigh D. In the serratus region

a. on the front of the torso

Which muscle named below includes its origin and insertion? A. Pubococcygeus B. Sartorius C. External abdominal obliques D. Serratus anterior

a. pubococcygeus

Which muscles extend the leg? A. Quadriceps B. Hamstrings C. Gluteus muscles D. Soleus, gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior

a. quadriceps

All of the following structures are part of a muscle cell except one. Which one? A. Sarcoma B. Sarcolemma C. Sarcoplasm D. Sarcoplasmic reticulum

a. sarcoma (sarcoma is a cancer of connective tissues)

A skeletal muscle fibre (cell) consists of many sections (units) which contract. What is the name given to one of the units that contract? A. Sarcomere B. Sarcolemma C. Sarcoplasm D. Fasciculus

a. sarcomere

Which of the following muscle structures is the smallest? A. Sarcomere B. Fasciculus C. Myofibril D. Muscle fibre

a. sarcomere

What is the gluteus maximus named for? Its: A. Size B. Shape C. Action D. Origin and insertion

a. size

Which of the following describes skeletal muscle? A. Striated, voluntary, multinucleate, individually named. B. Striated, branched, uninucleate, involuntary. C. Not striated, uninucleate, voluntary, individually named. D. Not striated, multinucleate, involuntary, with intercalated discs.

a. striated, voluntary, multinucleate, individually named

Which feature is shared by cardiac muscle cells and skeletal muscle cells? A. Striations B. Intercalated discs C. Branching D. Involuntary nature

a. striations

During muscle cell contraction, what happens because of Ca++ binding to troponin? A. The binding site on actin is uncovered. B. Acetylcholine (ACh) is released. C. The cross-bridge disengages from the thin filament. D. ATP hydrolyses to ADP.

a. the binding site on actin is uncovered

What information is contained in the muscle name "biceps brachii"? A. The muscle location and the number of origins B. The number of origins and the muscle action C. The muscle size and location in the body D. The muscle's shape and its action

a. the muscle location and the number of origins

Why does anaerobic respiration occur during vigorous exercise? A. There may be insufficient oxygen supplied to the muscle cells. B. Carbon dioxide builds up in the respiring muscle cells. C. Anaerobic respiration releases more energy from glucose than aerobic respiration. D. During anaerobic respiration enzymes make more ATP than during aerobic exercise.

a. there may be insufficient oxygen supplied to the muscle cells

Which muscle is located on the front of the anatomical leg? A. Tibialis anterior B. Rectus femoris C. Sartorius D. Flexor carpi radialis

a. tibialis anterior

What is the protein of thin myofilaments in a skeletal muscle cell? (Two answers) A. Tropomyosin B. Myosin C. Actin D. Acetylcholine

a. tropomyosin and c. actin

How many ATP molecules does aerobic respiration produce? A. 12 B. 36 C. 2 D. 40

b. 3

Which of the following muscle cell structures is the longest? A. A myofilament B. A myofibril C. A sarcomere D. A troponin molecule

b. a myofibril

Which of the following muscles is NOT named after its location in the body? A. Latissimus dorsi B. Adductor longus C. Rectus femoris D. Biceps brachii

b. adductor longus (named after its action and size)

How many ATP molecules does anaerobic respiration produce? A. 12 B. 36 C. 2 D. 40

c. 2

What is a "sarcomere"? A. A cancer of connective tissue B. The cytoplasm of a muscle cell C. A section of a myofilament D. The plasma membrane of a muscle cell

c. a section of a myofilament

Which protein(s) are found in thin myofilaments? A. Actin B. Actin and tropomyosin C. Actin, tropomyosin and troponin D. Actin, myosin, tropomyosin and troponin

c. actin, tropomyosin, and troponin

By which term is a muscle that opposes or reverses a particular movement called? A. Agonist B. Synergist C. Antagonist D. Fixator

c. antagonist

What is the substance that binds to troponin in order to cause muscle contraction? A. PO₄²⁻ B. H₃O+ C. Ca++ D. Fe++

c. ca++

What causes the myosin binding site of an actin molecule to be exposed? A. ATP attaching to the myosin cross-bridge B. A nerve impulse reaching the motor end plate of a motor nerve C. Calcium ions attaching to troponin D. Acetylcholine crossing the neuromuscular junction

c. calcium ions attaching to troponin

Skeletal muscle cells have all of the following characteristics EXCEPT one. Which one? A. A neuromuscular junction crossed by ACh (acetyl choline) B. Invaginations of sarcolemma called "T tubules" C. They are branched D. They are striated

c. they are branched

Patients confined to bed and those with plaster casts immobilising a bone frac- ture suffer muscle wasting. What is the term used for this condition? A. Disuse atrophy B. Denervation atrophy C. Muscle dystrophy D. Muscle hypertrophy

a. disuse atrophy

What structures attach a muscle to a bone? A. A tendon B. A fasciculus C. A sarcomere D. An internal intercostal

a. a tendon

What is the neurotransmitter that crosses the neuromuscular junction? A. Acetylcholine (ACh) B. Adrenalin (epinephrine) C. Noradrenalin (norepinephrine) D. Ca++

a. acetylcholine

Which of the muscles listed below is named according to its action? A. Adductor longus B. Temporalis C. Sternocleidomastoid D. Peroneus longus

a. adductor longus

Select the one INCORRECT statement about skeletal muscles A. An "agonist" opposes or reverses a particular movement. B. A muscle's attachment point to a stationary bone is called its "origin". C. A skeletal muscle cell is a "syncytium". D. Muscles that immobilise a bone are called "fixators".

a. an "agonist" opposes or reverses a particular movement

What is the role of calcium ions in muscle contraction? To: A. Bind to troponin, thus changing its shape and pulling it away from the actin molecule B. Cause the myosin cross-bridge to detach from its binding site C. Cause the action potential to propagate along the sarcolemma D. Bind with ADP during aerobic respiration to produce ATP to provide energy

a. bind to troponin, thus changing its shape and pulling it away from the actin molecule

What is the role of Ca++ in the contraction of a muscle cell? A. Ca++ binds to troponin to change its shape which reveals actin's binding site. B. Ca++ attaches to the binding site of actin. C. Ca++ detaches from ATP as it forms ADP. D. Ca++ causes the myosin head to detach from the binding site of actin.

a. ca++ binds to troponin to change its shape which reveals actin's binding site

Which statement below best describes the role of Ca++ in muscle contraction? A. Ca++ binds to troponin, thereby changing its shape to expose the binding site. B. Ca++ causes ADP and inorganic phosphate to detach from the myosin cross-bridge. C. Ca++ attaches to the myosin head, causing it to disengage from its binding site. D. Ca++ crosses the sarcolemma from the axon terminal which allows the action potential to propagate along the sarcolemma.

a. ca++ binds to troponin, thereby changing its shape to expose the binding site

Which of the following muscles is a common intramuscular injection site? A. Deltoid B. Gluteus maximus C. Vastus medialis D. Latissimus dorsi

a. deltoid (located at the upper arm at the shoulder)

Which of the following muscles is NOT named after its location in the body? A. Deltoid B. Extensor carpi ulnaris C. Rectus abdominis D. Biceps femoris

a. deltoid (named after its shape--a delta aka Greek letter triangle thing)

What is true about the energy released from glucose respiration? A. Anaerobic respiration releases more than aerobic respiration. B. Aerobic respiration releases more than anaerobic respiration. C. Aerobic and anaerobic respiration release about the same amount. D. Anaerobic respiration releases no energy.

b. aerobic respiration releases more than anaerobic respiration

Which one of the following is NOT a characteristic of skeletal muscle? A. Excitability B. Autonomic innervation C. Contractility D. Extensibility

b. autonomic innervation

Which muscle is one of the "hamstrings" group? A. Biceps brachii B. Biceps femoris C. Triceps brachii D. Quadriceps femoris

b. biceps femoris

What is the role of Ca++ in muscle contraction? A. Ca causes an action potential to travel along the sarcolemma. B. Ca binds to troponin changing its shape. C. Ca attaches to the binding site of myosin, energising it. D. Ca engages with the binding site of actin causing the power stroke.

b. ca binds to troponin changing its shape

Which of the following muscles causes the wrist to bend? A. Extensor digitorum B. Extensor carpi ulnaris C. Flexor digitorum profundus D. Abductor pollicis longus

b. extensor carpi ulnaris

Which of the following muscle structures is the largest? A. Sarcomere B. Fascicle C. Myofibril D. Muscle fibre

b. fascicle

Which of the following muscles is named using the criterion of its size? A. Sternocleidomastoid B. Gluteus medius C. Flexor digitorum profundus D. Trapezius

b. gluteus medius

Which list is in the correct order of DECREASING size? A. Muscle fibre, sarcomere, myofilament, myofibril B. Muscle, fasciculus, muscle fibre, myofibril C. Sarcomere, fasciculus, myofibril, myofilament D. Muscle, muscle fibre, myosin, myofibril

b. muscle, fascicles, muscle fibre, myofibril

What is the protein of thick myofilaments in a skeletal muscle cell? A. Tropomyosin B. Myosin C. Actin D. Acetylcholine

b. myosin

Which molecule in a muscle cell has a cross-bridge that attaches to a binding site to effect the shortening of the cell? A. Tropomyosin B. Myosin C. Actin D. Troponin

b. myosin

What are the muscles known as triceps brachii, biceps femoris and quadriceps femoris named according to? Their: A. Relative size and location of muscle's origin B. Number of origins and location in the body C. Shape of muscle and direction of muscle fibres D. Number of insertions and location in the body

b. number of origins and location in the body

What does aerobic respiration refer to? A. Glycolysis in the cytoplasm in the absence of oxygen B. Oxidative phosphorylation in the mitochondria in the presence of oxygen C. Glycolysis in the liver in the presence of oxygen D. Gluconeogenesis in the liver in the absence of oxygen

b. oxidative phosphorylation in the mitochondria in the presence of oxygen

Which one of the following is not made of skeletal muscle? A. The diaphragm B. Pyloric sphincter C. Vastus lateralis D. The tongue

b. pyloric sphincter

Which term is given to the unit of a myofibril that contracts? A. Sarcoplasm B. Sarcomere C. Sarcolemma D. Sarcoplasmic reticulum

b. sarcomere

Which of the following muscles is NOT named after its location in the body? A. Biceps brachii B. Sternocleidomastoid C. Rectus abdominis D. Flexor carpi radialis

b. sternocleidomastoid (named after its origins and insertion)

Which of these events is necessary for the contraction of a muscle cell? A. The shortening of myosin molecules B. The hydrolysis of ATP to ADP and HPO₄²⁻ in the myosin cross-bridge C. Ca2+ binding to tropomyosin causing it to change shape D. The movement of Ca2+ from the sarcoplasm into the sarcoplasmic reticulum

b. the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP and HPO42- in the myosin cross-bridge

To what does the term "endomysium" refer? A. The protein of thick myofilaments B. The tissue that surrounds a muscle fibre C. The gap between the axon terminal of a motor nerve cell and a motor endplate of a muscle cell D. The vessel from which Ca2+ ions are released prior to a muscle cell contraction

b. the tissue that surrounds a muscle fibre

Where are the semimembranosus and semitendinosus muscles located? In the: A. Seminal vesicle B. Thigh C. Forearm D. Back

b. thigh

Which statement about thick or thin myofilaments is CORRECT? A. Thick myofilaments contain the three proteins myosin, tropomyosin and troponin. B. Thin myofilaments contain the three proteins actin, tropomyosin and troponin. C. Thick myofilaments contain about 300 myosin molecules, each of which has a binding site for a cross-bridge. D. Thin myofilaments contain about 300 myosin molecules, each of which has a cross-bridge.

b. thin myofilaments contain the three proteins actin, tropomyosin, and troponin

Which of the following muscles IS named after its location in the body? A. Sartorius B. Triceps brachii C. Soleus D. Trapezius

b. triceps brachii (bracii = location on arm)

Of the events that lead to myofilaments sliding over each other, which of the following happens first? A. The myosin head engages with the binding site on actin. B. Troponin changes shape and pulls on tropomyosin. C. Calcium ions enter the cell cytoplasm. D. ATP is hydrolysed to ADP and inorganic phosphate.

c. calcium ions enter the cell cytoplasm

Which of the following groupings of muscle type and their characteristics is INCORRECT? A. Skeletal, striated, voluntary B. Smooth, visceral, involuntary C. Cardiac, striated, voluntary D. Skeletal, striated, syncytium

c. cardiac, striated, voluntary (cardiac muscle is not voluntary)

Which of these events is necessary for the contraction of a muscle cell? A. The shortening of myofilaments B. The conversion of ADP and HPO₄²⁻ to ATP in the cross-bridge C. Ca²+ binding to troponin causing it to change shape D. The movement of ACh from the sarcolemma to the axon terminal

c. ca²+ binding to troponin causing it to change shape

Which muscle is located on the posterior part of the forearm? A. Flexor digitorum superficialis B. Flexor digitorum profundus C. Extensor digitorum D. Triceps brachii

c. extensor digitorum

Which is the correct equation for anaerobic respiration in humans? A. Glucose + lactic acid → carbon dioxide + water B. Glucose → lactic acid + carbon dioxide C. Glucose → lactic acid +(little energy) D. Glucose→ lactic acid

c. glucose → lactic acid +(little energy)

Which of the following is NOT a common intramuscular injection site? A. Gluteus medius B. Deltoid C. Gluteus maximus D. Vastus lateralis

c. gluteus maximus

What is a sarcomere? A. It is the plasma membrane of a muscle cell. B. It is the cytoplasm of a muscle cell. C. It is a section of myofibril. D. It is a bundle of thick and thin myofilaments.

c. it is a section of myofibril

What characteristic of a smooth muscle cell distinguishes it from cardiac and from skeletal muscle? A. Being branched B. Being under involuntary control C. Lack of striations D. Being uninucleate

c. lack of striations

By what name is something that attaches a bone to another bone known? A. Aponeurosis B. Sarcomere C. Ligament D. Tendon

c. ligament

One muscle below is NOT named after its shape. Which one? A. Deltoid B. Rhomboid C. Masseter D. Trapezius

c. masseter

Which of the listed muscles is named according to its action? A. Rectus abdominis B. Peroneus longus C. Pronator teres D. Latissimus dorsi

c. pronator teres

Which of the following muscles is NOT a flexor of the knee? A. Semimembranosus B. Semitendinosus C. Rectus femoris D. Biceps femoris

c. rectus femoris

The part of a skeletal muscle cell that is able to contract is called A. Sarcoplasm B. Sarcolemma C. Sarcomere D. Sarcoplasmic reticulum

c. sarcomere

What is the cytoplasm of a skeletal muscle cell called? A. Sarcolemma B. Sarcomere C. Sarcoplasm D. Fasciculus

c. sarcoplasm

The muscles involved in mastication include which of the following? A. Sternocleidomastoid, scalene B. Sartorius, gracilis, soleus C. Temporalis, masseter, buccinator D. Orbicularis oculi, mentalis

c. temporalis, masseter, buccinator

With respect to the flexion of the forearm, which of the following statements is correct? A. The origin of the biceps brachii is on the radius and its insertion is on the scapula. B. The origin of the biceps brachii is on the ulna and its insertion is on the scapula. C. The agonist muscle is the biceps brachii and the antagonist is the triceps brachii. D. The agonist muscle is the biceps brachii and the antagonist is the brachialis.

c. the agonist muscle is the biceps brachii and the antagonist is the triceps brachii

Which event causes the thick filament to slide over the thin filament (i.e. the "power stroke") during muscle contraction? A. The attachment of Ca ions to troponin B. The hydrolysis of ATP to ADP, inorganic phosphate and energy C. The engagement of the head of the myosin cross-bridge with its binding site on actin D. The attachment of a molecule of ATP to the head of myosin's cross-bridge

c. the engagement of the head of the myosin cross-bridge with its binding site on actin

What does the term "origin" refer to in the musculoskeletal system? A. The point of attachment of a muscle to the "moveable" bone B. The line that separates the shaft from the end of a long bone C. The point of attachment of a muscle to the "stationary" bone D. The end of a long bone

c. the point of attachment of a muscle to the "stationary" bone

The neurotransmitter that causes an action potential to occur in a muscle cell membrane is called: A. Inorganic phosphate (HPO₄²⁻) B. Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) C. Calcium (Ca++) D. Acetylcholine (ACh)

d. acetylcholine

Which is a neurotransmitter? A. Tropomyosin B. Myosin C. Actin D. Acetylcholine

d. acetylcholine

What is the source of the majority of the energy needed by muscles for physical activity that continues for longer than 30 or 40 min? A. ATP stored in muscle fibres B. Glycolysis of glucose in the cell cytoplasm C. ATP produced from creatine phosphate stored in muscle fibres D. Aerobic respiration of pyruvic acid in mitochondria

d. aerobic respiration of pyretic acid in mitochondria

Which pair of terms below refers to a contraction and relaxation? A. Flexor and extensor B. Origin and insertion C. Brachialis and radialis D. Agonist and antagonist

d. agonist and antagonist

The energy for muscle contraction is derived from the mechanisms below EXCEPT for one. Which one is NOT a method of producing ATP? A. Anaerobic glycolysis B. Aerobic respiration C. Direct phosphorylation of ADP by creatinine phosphate D. Anaerobic digestion of lactic acid

d. anaerobic digestion of lactic acid

Which of the events below is the FIRST to occur prior to a muscle cell contracting? A. ATP binds to myosin. B. ADP detaches from myosin. C. The active site on actin is exposed. D. Ca++ is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum.

d. ca++ is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum

What is the source of the ATP used by muscles for vigorous activity that may last for 10-15 seconds? A. Glycolysis of glucose in the cell cytoplasm forms ATP. B. The ATP that is stored in muscle cells as ATP. C. Aerobic respiration in the mitochondria produces the ATP. D. Creatinine phosphate in muscle and ADP reacts to form the required ATP.

d. creatinine phosphate in muscle and ADP reacts to form the required ATP

One of the following muscle names refers to a superficial muscle that lies between the ribs. Which one is it? A. Serratus anterior B. Rectus femoris C. Extensor carpi radialis brevis D. External intercostals

d. external intercostals (costa means rib)

Which is the correct equation for aerobic respiration in humans? A. Glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water B. Glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide C. Glucose → carbon dioxide + water + energy D. Glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water +energy

d. glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water + energy

What action does the flexor carpi ulnaris perform? A. It flexes the lower arm. B. The same as the extensor carpi ulnaris. C. It flexes the fingers. D. It flexes the wrist.

d. it flexes the wrist

Which muscle naming criteria are used to name the quadriceps femoris? A. Muscle action and location B. The origin and insertion C. Location and direction of muscle fibres D. Location and number of origins

d. location and number of origins

The muscle known as the "transversus abdominis" is named according to: A. Its size and number of origins B. The direction of its muscle fibres and its action C. Its action and its location in the body D. Location in the body and direction of muscle fibres

d. location in the body and direction of muscle fibres

A feature of skeletal muscle that is NOT shared with cardiac or smooth muscle is: A. Striations B. Branched cells C. Intercalated discs D. Many nuclei

d. many nuclei

Which list is in the correct order of INCREASING size? A. Muscle fibre, sarcomere, myofilament, myofibril B. Muscle, fasciculus, muscle fibre, myofibril C. Sarcomere, fasciculus, myofibril, myofilament D. myofibril, muscle fibre, fascicles, muscle

d. myofibril, muscle fibre, fascicles, muscle

On which molecule is the energized cross-bridge which produces muscle cell contraction located? A. Fibrin B. Troponin C. Actin D. Myosin

d. myosin

Smooth muscle cells may be described by which of the following? A. Striated, voluntary, multinucleate B. Not striated, voluntary, multinucleate C. Striated, involuntary, uninucleate D. Not striated, involuntary, uninucleate

d. not striated, involuntary, uninucleate

What is the name given to the membrane that surrounds a muscle fascicle? A. Pericardium B. Peritoneum C. Periosteum D. Perimysium

d. perimysium

By what name is the plasma membrane of a muscle cell known? A. Sarcoplasm B. Sarcomere C. Sarcoplasmic reticulum D. Sarcolemma

d. sarcolemma

Microscopically, muscle fibres contain parallel myofibrils. What are the units joined end to end within a myofibril called? A: A. Myofilament B. Motor unit C. Myosin D. Sarcomere

d. sarcomere

Which of the following muscles is named after its origin and insertion points? A. Tibialis anterior B. Extensor digitorum longus C. Rectus femoris D. Sternocleidomastoid

d. sternocleidomastoid

Skeletal muscle cells can be characterised as: A. Unstriated, involuntary, multinucleate B. Unstriated, voluntary, multinucleate C. Striated, voluntary, uninucleate D. Striated, voluntary, multinucleate

d. striated, voluntary, multinucleate

When a muscle contracts, exactly what structure gets shorter? A. The fascicles of a muscle B. The myosin molecules of a myofilament C. The actin molecules of a myofilament D. The sarcomeres of a myofibril

d. the sarcomeres of a myofibril


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