practice test 4

Over the past several years, the *rates of job transitions have* decreased slightly increased dramatically increased stayed the same

dramatically increased

*Sarah and Kent* have always had a very traditional family structure. Kent worked outside the home and Sarah was a homemaker. When Kent retires, which of the following situations is MOST likely to arise? Sarah will have difficulty keeping up with housework. Sarah will help more with yard work. Sarah will be delighted to have someone help her, so she can spend increasing amounts of time away from home. Sarah will become uneasy having Kent around the house all day.

Sarah will become uneasy having Kent around the house all day.

Which of the following is an advantage of a dying individual knowing that he or she is dying? The person can seek more aggressive medical interventions. The person can move through the stages of dying more quickly. The person can construct more effective means of denying death. The person has time to reflect on his or her life and make decisions about dying.

The person has time to reflect on his or her life and make decisions about dying.

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding young children and their perception of death They tend to confuse death with sleep. They often believe that only people who want to die actually die. They become very upset by the sight of a dead animal or by being told that a person had died. They believe that the dead can be brought back to life by magic or by giving them food or medical treatment.

They become very upset by the sight of a dead animal or by being told that a person had died.

Why, *according to the socioemotional selectivity theory,* do older adults deliberately increase the time spent with close friends and family members? They crave financial security They want to maximize emotional risks They cannot communicate effectively with new individuals They place a high value on emotional satisfaction

They place a high value on emotional satisfaction

*Remembering where you went on vacation* last summer is an example of _____ memory. situational semantic prospective episodic

episodic

*According to the contemporary life-events approach,* the influence of life events also depends on all of the following factors *EXCEPT* the _____. individual's cognitive capacity individual's adaptation life-stage context sociohistorical context

individual's cognitive capacity

*A common complaint* voiced by both adult children and their parents when adult children return home is a(n): lack of social interaction. lack of career development. increased strain on finances. loss of privacy.

loss of privacy.

What is a recent *trend in grandparenting?* Both grandparents moving in with parents to care for grandchildren An increase in the number of grandparents becoming great-grandparents Grandparents shifting away from the role of distant figure and toward the role of fun-seeker Grandfathers assuming the role of raising grandchildren

An increase in the number of grandparents becoming great-grandparents

_____ refers to a legal document that reflects the patient's advance care planning. Last request Dying will Living will Easy death order

Living will

According to Kalish & Reynolds, middle-aged adults actually _____ than do young adults or older fear death more talk about death more think about death more accept death more readily

fear death more

*Whereas* cognitive _____ appears to decline in old age, cognitive _____ appears to remain constant or increase. mechanics; pragmatics pragmatics; mechanics pragmatics; reasoning learning; reasoning

mechanics; pragmatics

Most deaths that occur during adolescence are cancer. motor vehicle accidents. heart disease. genetic disorders.

motor vehicle accidents.

*Basilio* sustained severe and irreversible brain damage due to an accidental overdose of insulin. His wife and his children decided to remove the life-support system, and Basilio subsequently died. This is an example of: active euthanasia. passive euthanasia. natural euthanasia. culturally acceptable euthanasia.

passive euthanasia.

*The Seattle Longitudinal Study* concluded that *middle age* is a time of: peak performance for verbal ability. great decline for inductive reasoning. moderate decline for spatial abilities. increased mathematical abilities.

peak performance for verbal ability.

Deaths that are sudden, violent, or traumatic are likely to: produce less intense feelings in survivors than if the person died of a long illness. produce a shorter grieving process for the survivors than if the person died of a long illness. produce more intense feelings in survivors than if the person died of a long illness. produce no difference in either the intensity or the duration of the feelings in survivors than if the person died of a long illness.

produce more intense feelings in survivors than if the person died of a long illness.

For older adults, *social support* is linked to a(n): increased probability of becoming institutionalized. higher socioeconomic status. increase in mortality rates. reduction in symptoms of disease.

reduction in symptoms of disease.

After her husband's death, Lorna's had to start dealing with their finances. She has had to learn to balance a checkbook and pay the bills—things that her husband always did when he was alive. According to the dual-process model of coping with bereavement, Lorna is experiencing _____. restoration-oriented stressors loss-oriented stressors complicated grief disenfranchised grief

restoration-oriented stressors

*The model of selective optimization* with compensation proposes that successful aging is related to three main factors. Which of these factors is based on the concept that, in old age, there is a reduced capacity and loss of functioning that mandate a reduction of performance in most domains of life? Selection Optimization Compensation Remuneration

selection

*D'Angelo* and his wife just had their last child move out of the house. He and his wife had lived vicariously through their children, letting their sports activities and various achievements dominate their lives. Now they may experience _____, which includes a decline in marital satisfaction after children leave the home. meaning of life dilemma chronic discontent the empty nest syndrome alienation

the empty nest syndrome

*Compared* to men women make .62 for every $1.00 .75 for every $1.00 .81 for every $1.00 .98 for every $1.00

.81 for every $1.00

*In a study conducted in 2006* of older adults who had returned to work after retirement, about _____ reported that they had done so by choice (it made them happy), and about _____ reported that they had to return to work in order to meet financial needs. two-thirds; one-third one-third; two-third three-quarters; one-quarter one-quarter; three-quarters

two-thirds; one-third

*Three prominent meanings* are attached to being a grandparent. Which of the following is *NOT* one of those meanings? Biological reward and continuity A remote role A financial strain A source of emotional fulfillment

A financial strain

Ada knows that she has liver cancer and will not live much longer. In her prayers, she asks God to let her live one more year, and she will promise to set everything right with her family and loved ones. Which of Kübler-Ross' stages of dying is Ada currently in? Bargaining Denial Anger Acceptance

Bargaining

_____ can be used to avoid the destructive impact of shock by delaying the necessity of dealing with one's death. Acceptance Denial Anger Depression

Denial

_____ is the emotional numbness, disbelief, separation anxiety, despair, sadness, and loneliness that accompany the loss of someone we love. Grief Anger Obsession Denial

Grief

Which of the following statements about *retirement is TRUE?* Men spend less time planning for retirement than women do. Older adults with a long work history adjust to retirement more easily than those who have been in the workforce for a shorter period of time. Higher levels of financial assets and job satisfaction were more strongly linked to men's higher psychological well-being in retirement. Preretirement social contacts were more strongly related to men's psychological well-being in retirement than women's.

Higher levels of financial assets and job satisfaction were more strongly linked to men's higher psychological well-being in retirement.

Which of the following statements about hospice Hospice care emphasizes the need to limit the administration of painkillers to terminally ill patients. Hospice care mainly emphasizes efforts to cure an illness. Hospice care focuses on efforts to prolong life. Hospice care emphasizes palliative care.

Hospice care emphasizes palliative care.

Which statement on the *development of job satisfaction* is true? Increases in job satisfaction are best predicted solely by the workers age. Job satisfaction my be cyclical (i.e., have ups and downs) regardless of age. Job satisfaction is largely dependent on expectations about one's job which can be related to age. All of the above.

Job satisfaction is largely dependent on expectations about one's job which can be related to age.

*In the Berkeley Longitudinal Studies,* which of the following characteristics generally changed the most across time for the adult? Intellectual orientation Nurturance or hostility Openness to experience Self-confidence

Nurturance or hostility

*Kelly* has just given birth to her first baby at age 37; her best friend, Olivia, age 26, just gave birth to her first child. Which of the following is likely to be *TRUE* for these new mothers? Kelly will have more energy to care for her child than will Olivia. Olivia will have fewer medical problems with pregnancy and childbirth. Olivia will more likely build up expectations for her child. Olivia will have more income for child-rearing expenses than Kelly.

Olivia will have fewer medical problems with pregnancy and childbirth.

Which of the following statements about *retirement in America is true?* Approximately 20 million retired Americans return to work after they have retired. When retired adults return to the labor force, it occurs on average four years after retirement. A majority of former retirees report that they were forced to go back to work to meet financial needs. Very few retirees who return to work report that they were happy to have done so.

When retired adults return to the labor force, it occurs on average four years after retirement.

Which of the following is *true about attention?* The more difficult the competing tasks are, the more effectively older adults divide attention than younger adults. When the two competing tasks are reasonably easy, age differences among adults are minimal or nonexistent. On simple tasks involving a search for a feature, age differences are dramatic even when individuals are given sufficient practice. Generally, older adults are more adept at selective attention than younger adults are.

When the two competing tasks are reasonably easy, age differences among adults are minimal or nonexistent.

*During middle adulthood* ______ *love* increases because _______ increases with time. affectionate; intimacy fatuous; passion affectionate; passion fatuous; intimacy

affectionate; intimacy

*Crystallized intelligence* is: an individual's ability to reason abstractly. an individual's accumulated information and verbal skills. an individual's ability to think hypothetically. an individual's ability to use deductive reasoning.

an individual's accumulated information and verbal skills.

*Becky is careless,* impulsive and disorganized. According to the Big Five personality factors, Becky will score low on _____. openness to experience agreeableness neuroticism conscientiousness

conscientiousness

*Erik Erikson* believed that people who experience isolation and stagnation in earlier adulthood are more likely to experience _____ in later adulthood. despair inferiority shame and doubt identity diffusion

despair

*According to John Horn,* _____ *steadily declines* from middle adulthood onward. fluid intelligence crystallized intelligence verbal memory kinesthetic intelligence

fluid intelligence

*David and Tina* have one grandson, Dillon. They see him almost every weekend and make it a point to go to a movie or a park with him. Both Dillon and his grandparents look forward to their time together. According to Neugarten and Weinstein, David and Tina have a(n) _____ style of being grandparents. formal informal fun-seeking cohesive

fun-seeking