Praxis 5002

A teacher writes the following sentence from Watership Down by Richard Adams on the board. Here and there one [a rabbit] sat upright on an ant heap and looked about, with ears erect and nose in the wind. In the sentence, which word functions as an adverb?

"upright"

Which TWO of the following best characterize the fantasy genre in literature?

-Contains mystical and magical elements that do not exist in the real -Features imaginary worlds with well-developed settings and complex characters

Madison was a scholar. He read all he could find about governments all over the world and throughout history. Long before the convention got started, he wrote to his good friend Thomas Jefferson and asked for help. Jefferson had taken Franklin's place as America's minister in France. Jefferson sent Madison books—hundreds of books—and he sent his ideas. Madison read about governments of ancient Greece and Rome and other places and times. Then he took the best ideas he found and wrote them in notebooks that he brought with him to the convention. By this time, the other delegates were in Philadelphia and ready to get started. Madison and the Virginians set to work discussing a new plan of government that Madison had written. They agreed to have Virginia's popular governor, Edmund Randolph, present the plan to the Constitutional Convention. It was called the Virginia Plan, and it made things much easier for all the delegates at the convention. When they began their meeting, they had a document in front of them. It gave them a starting point; it helped speed up the process. And that summer, anything that made work easier was appreciated.

-He read all he could find about governments all over the world and throughout history. -Long before the convention got started, he wrote to his good friend Thomas Jefferson and asked for help.

Which THREE of the following teacher strategies are most effective for promoting reading fluency?

-Modeling decoding strategies during teacher read-alouds of a text -Encouraging repeated readings of a text -Providing time for both oral and silent reading of a text

Which THREE of the following are characteristics of the preliterate stage of writing?

-Scribbling in a left-to-right direction -Drawing symbols with an intended message -Creating letter-like formations

Which TWO of the following are considered quantitative measures of text complexity?

-Sentence Length -Frequency of unfamiliar words

For an upcoming unit, a teacher has fifth-grade students use a digital notebook to write, store, and share their writing assignments. Which THREE of the following are advantages of using this digital method in the classroom?

-Students can receive timely feedback from the teacher -Students can conduct multiple peer views -Students can reflect on the writing process

Which THREE of the following activities most effectively utilize a graphic novel during instruction?

-Students use graphic novels to learn how to identify plot structure, symbolism, and characterization by seeing them. -Students use graphic novels as models to guide them in re‑creating prose into visual dialogue for creative writing projects. -Students read a graphic novel that correlates with the theme of a traditional text in order to support comprehension.

A properly composed haiku must include which of the following elements?

A defined number of syllables per line

Which of the following is a primary source of information for a research paper about the First World War?

A letter from a First World War soldier to his wife back home

The following paragraph is a student's introduction to an oral presentation on the atmosphere. Did you know that Earth is surrounded by a blanket of air called the atmosphere? The atmosphere allows humans to exist because, without it, Earth would be burned by the intense heat of the Sun during the day or frozen by the very low temperatures at night. It is because of the atmosphere that life as we know it exists on Earth. Which TWO of the following elements of effective introductions did the student include in the oral presentation?

A thesis for the speech Some background information

Students are working in groups to prepare an oral presentation for the class. Which of the following digital tools best helps students to collaborate as individual groups during the planning stage of the presentation?

A web-based discussion board

Which of the following strategies will most help improve a student's ability to summarize an informational text?

Answering guided comprehension questions based on the text

Only once a year, on his birthday, did Charlie Bucket ever get to taste a bit of chocolate. The whole family saved up their money for that special occasion, and when the great day arrived, Charlie was always presented with one small chocolate bar to eat all by himself. And each time he received it, on those marvelous birthday mornings, he would place it carefully in a small wooden box that he owned, and treasure it as though it were a bar of solid gold; and for the next few days, he would allow himself only to look at it, but never to touch it.

Appreciative

#2 Semi-phonetic Stage

Child begins to understand letter-sound correspondence, sounds are assigned to letters. (U for you)

#3 Phonetic Stage

Child uses letter or a group of letters to represent every speech sound that they hear in a word. (come= KOM or in=EN)

#1 Precommunicative Stage

Child uses symbols from the alphabet but show no knowledge of letter sound correspondences, no left to right and up and lower case

Emergent (5-7)

Children have gained an understanding of phonics which is the correspondence between letter patterns, make reading and writing a connection

Which TWO of the following factors should a student look for to best determine if a particular Web site is credible and reliable for research? Answer the question by selecting the correct responses.

Citation of the author's sources Accurate spelling and grammar

Julie knew she would need to put in countless hours of practice and hard work if she was going to vie for the only open spot on the team. In the sentence, the word "vie" means which of the following?

Compete

#5 Correct Stage

Correct speller and understands prefixes, suffixes, silent consonants, alternative spellings and irregular spellings.

After choosing a topic for a research paper, a student should do which of the following as a next step?

Determine subtopics through preliminary research

A teacher allocates time during instruction to pair-up students to respond to one another's questions and clarify their understanding of material under discussion. Which of the following is the primary way students benefit from the strategy?

Developing active listening and speaking skills

Stages of Writing

Early Emergent Emergent Transitional Fluent

Only once a year, on his birthday, did Charlie Bucket ever get to taste a bit of chocolate. The whole family saved up their money for that special occasion, and when the great day arrived, Charlie was always presented with one small chocolate bar to eat all by himself. And each time he received it, on those marvelous birthday mornings, he would place it carefully in a small wooden box that he owned, and treasure it as though it were a bar of solid gold; and for the next few days, he would allow himself only to look at it, but never to touch it. Which of the following inferences about Charlie's family is best supported by the information in the passage?

His family is not wealthy.

Which of the following text features are unique to digital texts?

Hyperlinks

During circle time, a teacher goes around the circle and has the class clap to each child's name (for example, /Em/ /ma/ etc.). Which of the following best categorizes the phonological awareness skill the teacher is practicing with the students?

Identifying syllables

Which of the following statements is most accurate regarding the impact of fluency on reading comprehension?

In reading, fluency reduces the cognitive load required to decode words and thus enhances the ability to remember what was read.

Which of the following is most accurate regarding the role of phonics instruction in literacy development?

Instruction that is explicit in highlighting letter-sound correspondence leads to better results than indirect methods do.

Time dragged on toward Thanksgiving, but winter came fast. The clouds swept down and hung all day over the land and brushed the hilltops, and the winds blew shrilly at night. All day the dry oak leaves drifted down from the trees until they covered the ground, and yet the trees were unchanged. Which of the following statements best explains how the description of the setting affects the passage?

It evokes a depressive mood using imagery through the changing of the seasons.

During a class discussion about a novel, a teacher gives each student three tickets to use in exchange for a turn to talk. Which of the following best describes a primary benefit of this strategy?

It helps dominant students learn to allow others to speak

Transitional (6-8)

One-to-one relationship between the letters and sounds People=pepl

A teacher reads a list of words aloud and asks a student to identify the initial consonant sound of each word as it is read. Which of the following concepts is the teacher assessing?

Onsets

The smallest single unit of sound in a language is a

Phoneme

Stages of Spelling

Precommunicative Semiphonetic Phonetic Transitional Correct

Which of the following words is best classified as a Tier 2 vocabulary word?

Predict

Which of the following strategies is best characterized as an effective way to engage the audience at the beginning of a speech?

Providing an interesting or humorous anecdote to build rapport with the audience

A teacher writes the following sentences on the board. The dog slept on the porch. The dog ate on the porch. The dog pretty much lived on the porch. Then the teacher wrote the following sentence. The dog ate on the porch, slept on the porch, and pretty much lived on the porch. Which of the following language features do the sentences best demonstrate?

Sentence fluency

Which of the following words contains two open syllables?

Shiny Both syllables of the word, "shiny", "shi-" and "ny" both end in a vowel sound, making them open syllables

Which of the following words are accurately grouped by their phonics pattern?

Silk, past, mart

Which of the following best describes the type of figurative language used in the book title My Dog is as Smelly as Dirty Socks by Hanoch Piven?

Simile

Some time in the night I got up, tiptoed to my window, and looked out at my doghouse. It looked so lonely and empty sitting there in the moonlight. I could see that the door was slightly ajar. I thought of the many times I had lain in my bed and listened to the squeaking of the door as my dogs went in and out. I didn't know I was crying until I felt the tears roll down my cheeks.

Something has happened to the dogs, and they are gone.

Only once a year, on his birthday, did Charlie Bucket ever get to taste a bit of chocolate. The whole family saved up their money for that special occasion, and when the great day arrived, Charlie was always presented with one small chocolate bar to eat all by himself. And each time he received it, on those marvelous birthday mornings, he would place it carefully in a small wooden box that he owned, and treasure it as though it were a bar of solid gold; and for the next few days, he would allow himself only to look at it, but never to touch it. Which THREE words from the passage best communicate Charlie's feelings about the events?

Special Great Marvelous

Which THREE of the following literacy skills are most directly influenced by phonological awareness?

Spelling Syllabification Decoding

Before a whole-class discussion, a teacher writes the following list of sentence starters for student responses on the board. "I agree with Tom because..." "I see it differently because..." "And to add to what Lucy said..." "So to put that another way..." Which THREE of the following are primary benefits of the strategy?

Students are provided with scaffolding expressing their ideas Students are required to actively listen to their classmates Students are encouraged to analyze multiple perspectives

Madison was a scholar. He read all he could find about governments all over the world and throughout history. Long before the convention got started, he wrote to his good friend Thomas Jefferson and asked for help. Jefferson had taken Franklin's place as America's minister in France. Jefferson sent Madison books—hundreds of books—and he sent his ideas. Madison read about governments of ancient Greece and Rome and other places and times. Then he took the best ideas he found and wrote them in notebooks that he brought with him to the convention. By this time, the other delegates were in Philadelphia and ready to get started. Madison and the Virginians set to work discussing a new plan of government that Madison had written. They agreed to have Virginia's popular governor, Edmund Randolph, present the plan to the Constitutional Convention. It was called the Virginia Plan, and it made things much easier for all the delegates at the convention. When they began their meeting, they had a document in front of them. It gave them a starting point; it helped speed up the process. And that summer, anything that made work easier was appreciated.

The author believes that the work at the convention was both difficult and time-consuming.

The following sentence is from The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne. A writhing horror twisted itself across his features, like a snake gliding swiftly over them, and making one little pause, with all its wreathed intervolutions in open sight. Which of the following best interprets the figurative language used in the sentence?

The character's face briefly displayed strong emotion.

The suffix "-ment" in the word "contentment" most closely means which of the following?

The result of

#4 Transitional Stage

The speller begins to assimilate the conventional alternative for representing sounds, moving from a dependence on phonology for representing words to a reliance on visual representation and an understanding of the structure of words (EGUL=eagle HIGHEKED=hiked)

You know it has happened to you: you get home, open your math textbook, get ready to do the practice problems, and then you realize you forgot everything the teacher talked about in class that day! One of the many excellent reasons to have a homework club after school is that students can get help from teachers who actually know the classes instead of parents or other grown-ups at home. I talked to ten parents of my closest friends, and more than half of them remembered a time when they found it difficult to help their child work through a homework assignment. No matter how brainy a child is, it is always better to have the help of experts than it is to rely on grown-ups or family members. [Paragraph 2] I know some people in this school might disagree and say a homework club isn't important. I've heard some people say that kids spend enough time in class and shouldn't need help with work and I've heard some people say that even a small amount of help could be given by someone at home too. But everyone learns at a different pace and not everyone remembers ideas the first time he or she hears them. And even though our parents and families might want to help us, people have busy schedules and not every child will be able to get the attention he or she might need.

The writer introduces a counterargument and then seeks to refute it using supporting evidence.

A student studying root words and affixes places the word "script" at the base of a word-tree sorting board. Which THREE of the following words are most appropriate to be added to the branches of the student's word tree?

Transcript Description Manuscript

The following is an exchange between an early elementary student and a teacher. A student writes the following: "I hav a pet dog. I lik to pla bal wif him."The student then reads it back to the teacher as, "I have a pet dog. I like to play ball with him." The student's writing is best categorized as which of the following developmental writing stages?

Transitional

A student reads the following sentence in a text. Our family had a wonderful time helping Aunt Sue celebrate becoming a centenarian. Which of the following student strategies is most appropriate to determine the meaning of the word "centenarian" in the preceding sentence?

Using knowledge of the root word "cent"

Which of the following student reading behaviors best exemplifies proficiency in prosody?

Using punctuation to guide inflection, tone, and phrasing

Which THREE of the following are elements of an effective oral presentation?

Using voice modulation to signal important points Making eye contact to connect with the audience Using strong posture to communicate confidence

Which of the following is most appropriate to include in an expository essay?

Verifiable facts

Students in an elementary class are reading an illustrated story. Which of the following multimedia activities will most support comprehension?

Visiting a literacy center to watch a video read-aloud of the story on a tablet

A student in the semiphonetic stage of writing is able to do which of the following?

Write one or more letters to represent every word Precommunicative Stage Semiphonetic stage Phonetic stage Transitional stage Correct Stage

A teacher writes the following sample sentence on the board. We ate dinner late because we were waiting for my brother to come home from soccer practice. The word from the sample sentence that is best identified as a conjunction is

because

A student has just finished revising a piece of narrative writing. The next step for the student will most likely be to

proofread the story for spelling and mechanics errors

A teacher has compiled a list of grade-appropriate, high-frequency sight words. To best promote recognition of the words on the list, the teacher should

provide repeated readings of books containing the words

Early Emergent (4-5)

scribbling and pretend writing

When gathering information for a research paper, which of the following sources should be excluded due to its biased nature?

An editorial article in a well-known newspaper

Which of the following teacher questions will best help students to make a text-to-self connection when reading a text?

Have you ever been in a situation similar to that of any of the characters in the story?

Which of the following instructional activities best helps to foster and improve articulation skills?

Having students recite rhymes and riddles, first through choral reading and then individually

Which of the following best describes the function of adjectives?

Adjectives describe or modify a noun or a pronoun.

A teacher is using the following passage from Albert Einstein and Relativity for Kids by Jerome Pohlen during a lesson on paraphrasing. The Einsteins had been married for two and a half years before Albert arrived. Pauline Koch was the daughter of a wealthy grain merchant and was the youngest of four children. She was just 18 years old when she wed Hermann Einstein, who was 11 years older. They were married on August 8, 1876, in the town of Cannstatt, where Pauline had grown up. After the wedding they made their first home in the village of Buchau. Which of the following best exemplifies an appropriate paraphrase of information from the passage?

Albert Einstein was born two and half years after his parents were wed in Cannstatt, Germany.

Which of the following key word lists best exemplifies a compare and contrast text structure?

Both, as well as, similarly, as opposed to

Which of the following words are examples of prepositions?

By, with, about

Which of the following text features are usually located below photographs and provide readers with specific information that helps explain the photographs?

Captions

Which of the following bibliographic entries is the best example of correct MLA citation? Answer the question by selecting the correct response.

Dahl, Roald. The Witches. New York: Farrar Straus Giroux, 1983. Author's last and first names, then the book title in italics, then the city followed by a colon, the publisher, and the year of publication

(1) You know it has happened to you: you get home, open your math textbook, get ready to do the practice problems, and then you realize you forgot everything the teacher talked about in class that day! [Sentence 2](2) One of the many excellent reasons to have a homework club after school is that students can get help from teachers who actually know the classes instead of parents or other grown-ups at home. [Sentence 3](3) I talked to ten parents of my closest friends, and more than half of them remembered a time when they found it difficult to help their child work through a homework assignment. [Sentence 4](4) No matter how brainy a child is, it is always better to have the help of experts than it is to rely on grown-ups or family members. [Sentence 5](5) I know some people in this school might disagree and say a homework club isn't important. [Sentence 6](6) I've heard some people say that kids spend enough time in class and shouldn't need help with work and I've heard some people say that even a small amount of help could be given by someone at home too. [Sentence 7](7) But everyone learns at a different pace and not everyone remembers ideas the first time he or she hears them. [Sentence 8](8) And even though our parents and families might want to help us, people have busy schedules and not every child will be able to get the attention he or she might need. Which of the following revisions best corrects the error in sentence 6 ?

Eliminating the second instance of the phrase "I've heard some people say that," which would read: I've heard some people say that kids spend enough time in class and shouldn't need help with work and that even a small amount of help could be given by someone at home too.

After reading two different informational texts on sharks, students are asked to complete a Venn diagram that includes facts from both texts. Which of the following best identifies the lesson's objective?

Enhancing understanding through comparison

Which of the following words contains four phonemes?

Flip other words Dig Chew Sheep

When a teacher is working with English learners who primarily speak Spanish as a first language, which of the following approaches is most effective in establishing sight word connections between languages?

Focusing on cognates and relationships in meaning between languages

Which THREE of the following behaviors best exemplify active listening?

Focusing on the specific words and feelings of the speaker Making appropriate eye contact with the speaker Asking the speaker questions to clarify certain points

Which of the following language registers is used during speeches?

Formal

Which of the following text features will best support a student with defining a word in a domain-specific textbook?

Glossary

Which TWO of the following are characteristics of flexible grouping?

Groups are assigned or altered based on assessment results as well as learning objectives Groups are temporary and may be reconfigured by the teacher as indicated by students' individual needs

You know it has happened to you: you get home, open your math textbook, get ready to do the practice problems, and then you realize you forgot everything the teacher talked about in class that day! One of the many excellent reasons to have a homework club after school is that students can get help from teachers who actually know the classes instead of parents or other grown-ups at home. I talked to ten parents of my closest friends, and more than half of them remembered a time when they found it difficult to help their child work through a homework assignment. No matter how brainy a child is, it is always better to have the help of experts than it is to rely on grown-ups or family members. I know some people in this school might disagree and say a homework club isn't important. I've heard some people say that kids spend enough time in class and shouldn't need help with work and I've heard some people say that even a small amount of help could be given by someone at home too. But everyone learns at a different pace and not everyone remembers ideas the first time he or she hears them. And even though our parents and families might want to help us, people have busy schedules and not every child will be able to get the attention he or she might need.

It is not hard to imagine the tears of frustration running down the faces of the youngest kids as they struggle to finish homework without the right kind of support.

Fluent (8-10)

Learning irregularities in written language, writes 75% of the words correctly

Madison was a scholar. He read all he could find about governments all over the world and throughout history. Long before the convention got started, he wrote to his good friend Thomas Jefferson and asked for help. Jefferson had taken Franklin's place as America's minister in France. Jefferson sent Madison books—hundreds of books—and he sent his ideas. Madison read about governments of ancient Greece and Rome and other places and times. Then he took the best ideas he found and wrote them in notebooks that he brought with him to the convention. By this time, the other delegates were in Philadelphia and ready to get started. Madison and the Virginians set to work discussing a new plan of government that Madison had written. They agreed to have Virginia's popular governor, Edmund Randolph, present the plan to the Constitutional Convention. It was called the Virginia Plan, and it made things much easier for all the delegates at the convention. When they began their meeting, they had a document in front of them. It gave them a starting point; it helped speed up the process. And that summer, anything that made work easier was appreciated.

Madison's knowledge and efforts helped provide a foundation for the convention and made it more efficient.

You know it has happened to you: you get home, open your math textbook, get ready to do the practice problems, and then you realize you forgot everything the teacher talked about in class that day! [Sentence 2](2) One of the many excellent reasons to have a homework club after school is that students can get help from teachers who actually know the classes instead of parents or other grown-ups at home. [Sentence 3](3) I talked to ten parents of my closest friends, and more than half of them remembered a time when they found it difficult to help their child work through a homework assignment. [Sentence 4](4) No matter how brainy a child is, it is always better to have the help of experts than it is to rely on grown-ups or family members. [Sentence 5](5) I know some people in this school might disagree and say a homework club isn't important. [Sentence 6](6) I've heard some people say that kids spend enough time in class and shouldn't need help with work and I've heard some people say that even a small amount of help could be given by someone at home too. [Sentence 7](7) But everyone learns at a different pace and not everyone remembers ideas the first time he or she hears them. [Sentence 8](8) And even though our parents and families might want to help us, people have busy schedules and not every child will be able to get the attention he or she might need.

Replacing the word "brainy" with the word "intelligent" in sentence 4, which would read: No matter how intelligent a child is, it is always better to have the help of experts than it is to rely on grown-ups or family members.

During which of the following steps of the writing process are students most likely to utilize a writer's checklist to assess their work?

Revising

The following is an excerpt from a student writing sample. Once upon a time there was an athletic squirrel named Victor and there was an intelligent hamster named Clyde, they lived in a small town in Alabama. They got bored so they went to New Orleans and they joined a baseball team and they won seven games in a row. Victor broke his foot. Clyde was smart and knew first aid, he bandaged Victor up and signed his cast. They moved to New York to join a professional baseball team. Victor was a good pitcher and Clyde was a phenomenal catcher and that's how they helped their team win a championship. Life was certainly never boring again! Mini-lessons in which TWO of the following areas will best help the student improve the writing sample?

Revising run-on sentences Using transition words to sequence events

Which of the following terms best identifies the part of a syllable that consists of a vowel and any consonant sounds that follow the vowel?

Rime

Which of the following is considered a best practice for using visual aids during a presentation? Answer the question by selecting the correct response.

Selecting clear and targeted visual aids that reinforce or exemplify specific points discussed