Praxis Practice Questions
which is NOT an aspect of paralinguistic communication A. pitch B. range C. rhythm D. words
D. words
In evaluating a preschool child that stutters, it is important to observe the child interacting with the parent. The primary reason for this is because: A) The most valid sample of communication and speech may be observed in the child's typical interaction with the parent. B) Comfort with the parent is likely to reduce disfluency and make the child feel more comfortable. C) There are a number of legal concerns that should be considered when separating the child from the parent. D) The use of an informal speech sample reduces the need for any other standardized testing.
A) The most valid sample of communication and speech may be observed in the child's typical interaction with the parent.
Jonathon is a 5-year-old boy with a language impairment. He has a German Shepard at home named Angel. The neighbors have a Rottweiler, and his grandma has a poodle. But Jonathon only calls Angel a "dog," he does not use the word "dog" to refer to his neighbor's Rottweiler or his grandma's poodle. We can say that Jonathan in demonstrating the pattern of A) Underextension B) Overextension C) Restricted semantic categories D) Overcategorization
A) Underextension
Harriet is a 75-year-old woman with a history of smoking one pack of cigarettes per day for more than 50 years. Her chief voice complaint is rough voice quality, low speaking pitch, weak voice, and running out of air when she speaks. She saw an otolaryngologist (ENT), who diagnosed her with emphysema and Reinke's edema. Which of the following mechanisms primarily accounts for the patient running out of air when she speaks? A) poor respiratory support for speech B) talking too fast C) incomplete glottic closure D) psychological stress E) reinke's edema
A) poor respiratory support for speech
Which of the following types of cerebral palsy is characterized by low muscle tone, impaired balance, and tremor? A. Ataxic B. Spastic C. Athetoid D. Hemiplegic
A. Ataxic
Which of the following types of cerebral palsy is characterized by slow, arrhythmic writhing and involuntary movements of the extremities? A. Athetosis B. Spasticity C. Hypotonia D. Bulbar palsy
A. Athetosis
Which of the following can cause cul-de-sac resonance? A. Enlarged tonsils B. Submucous cleft of the soft palate C. Decreased muscle mass D. Cleft palate
A. Enlarged tonsils
A three year old child is receiving therapy for remediation of several phonological patterns. She very frequently says thinks like tar/kar, do/go, and ti/ki. These productions show that she is using the phonological patterns of A. Fronting B. Glottal replacement C. Stopping D. Prevocalic voicing
A. Fronting
Which of the following is considered an exercise for patients and should not be performed with food? A. Masako maneuver B. Supraglottic swallow C. Mendelsohn maneuver D. Effortful swallow
A. Masako maneuver
Which of the following is an example of a pragmatic approach to aphasia therapy: A. Melodic Intonation Therapy B. Deblocking C. Focusing on conveying ideas rather than linguistic content of the message D. Behavioral naming drills
A. Melodic Intonation Therapy
Which THREE of the following are included in pragmatic language assessment during conversation? A. New topic initiation B. Speech Intelligibility C. Discourse cohesion D. Repair strategies E. Type-Token ratio
A. New topic initiation C. Discourse cohesion D. Repair strategies
Children with ____________ DLD present with language delays as the most salient challenge, and there is no known biological cause of the impairment. A. Primary B. Secondary C. Pragmatic D. Non-specific
A. Primary
Children diagnosed as having specific language impairments are likely to exhibit the greatest deficits in which of the following? A. Production of sentences with appropriate inflectional morphology and syntax B. Acquisition of word meanings C. Comprehension of short sentences D. Motoric aspects of written expression
A. Production of sentences with appropriate inflectional morphology and syntax
The purpose of social sensory routines is to increase... A. Reciprocal play interactions B. Emotional Regulation C. An individual's phonetic inventory
A. Reciprocal play interactions
Which of the following is generally considered most effective and appropriate for viewing the vocal folds during phonation? A. Stroboscopy B. Endoscopy C. Fluoroscopy D. Laryngeal mirror examination
A. Stroboscopy
Non-verbal aspects of spoken communication that do not involve words, ie. body language, gestures, pitch A. paralinguistic communication B. linguistic communication C. sign language D. meta communication
A. paralinguistic communication
The surgical method of cleft palate repair that involves raising two bipedicled flaps of mucoperiosteum, bringing them back together, and attaching them to close the cleft is called the A. von Langenbeck surgical method B. V-Y retroposition C. Veau-Wardill-Kilner method D. pharyngeal-flap procedure E. pharyngoplasty
A. von Langenbeck surgical method
While conducting rounds at a local pediatric hospital, a physician sees several children with brain damage sustained before, during, or shortly after birth. She mentions to the speech-language pathology students who are shadowing her that this type of brain damage usually produces movement disorders known as: A.Cerebral palsies B. Apraxia C. Diadochokinesis D. Aphasia
A.Cerebral palsies
A 4-month-old-infant who has a low birth weight but passed a neonatal hearing screening was evaluated for development of communication skills. The speech-language pathologist found that the infant followed moving objects visually, showed interest in mouthing and banging objects, and began sucking in anticipation of eating, but failed to localize to environmental sounds. On the report to the infant's primary care physician, the most appropriate recommendation by the speech-language pathologist is: A.consideration of auditory amplification B.hearing-loss counseling for the parents C.careful parent monitoring of the child's speech-language development D.evaluation of auditory function by an audiologist
A.consideration of auditory amplification
The speech of individuals with Parkinson's disease is characterized by: Monopitch Harsh and breathy voice Short rushes of speech Imprecise consonants All of the above
All of the above
Differentiating stuttering-like disfluencies from typical disfluencies is a clinical observation that: A) Always helps determine if someone is faking. B) Helps determine the stage of stuttering in young children. C) Is particularly important at more advanced stages of stuttering. D) Is impossible to determine.
B) Helps determine the stage of stuttering in young children.
Harriet is a 75-year-old woman with a history of smoking one pack of cigarettes per day for more than 50 years. Her chief voice complaint is rough voice quality, low speaking pitch, weak voice, and running out of air when she speaks. She saw an otolaryngologist (ENT), who diagnosed her with emphysema and Reinke's edema. Which of the following mechanisms primarily accounts for the patient's low speaking pitch? A) Decreased mass of vocal folds B) Increased mass of vocal folds C) Incomplete glottic closure D) Decreased subglottic air pressure E) None of these
B) Increased mass of vocal folds
Poor decoding (word recognition) but adequate spoken language comprehension could indicate: A. Mixed reading disorder B. Dyslexia C. Specific comprehension disorder D. No disorder
B. Dyslexia
A child refers to all tall, brown-eyed women as "Mommy." This is an example of A. Recurrence B. Overextension C. Fast mapping D. Underextension
B. Overextension
A bilingual ASL works within a school district in which a large number of immigrant children who are english language learners are enrolled. The SLP is called upon to work in a role traditionally assigned to ESL instructors. To operate in accordance with ASHA's regulations, the SLP could appropriately perform all of the following functions except: A. Provide bilingual assessments of speech and language ability B. Provide ESL instruction C. Collaborate with the ESL instructor on issues such as language development D. Collaborate with the ESL instructor in developing an intervention plan E. B and D
B. Provide ESL instruction
The components of an AAC system are crucial to consider during an assessment. When assessing a young child, you evaluate the way the individual will use and interact with the system, including the user interface, selection method, and output. What type of components are being described? A. Primary components B. Secondary components C. Tertiary components D. Global components
B. Secondary components
A screening test for dementia is: A. Arizona Battery for Communication Disorders of Dementia (ABCD) B. Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire (SPMQ) C. Functional Linguistic Communication Inventory (FLCI) D. Dementia Mood Assessment Scale
B. Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire (SPMQ)
which one of the following describes a class II malocclusion? A. The maxilla is receded and the mandible is protruded B. The maxilla is protruded and the manible is receded C. The arches themselves are generally aligned, but some individual teeth are misaligned.
B. The maxilla is protruded and the manible is receded
Morphological awareness refers to A. Children's emergent knowledge about functions and forms of written language B. The recognition, understanding, and use of word parts that carry significance C. Children's specific ability to detect and manipulate sounds and syllables in words D. A and C
B. The recognition, understanding, and use of word parts that carry significance
You are working with Chad, a 10-year-old child who has a language impairment. The teacher tells you that other students get angry with Chad because he frequently says things such as "Gimme that pencil" and "Move your books over." As a clinician, what will you focus on in therapy to help Chad get along better with others and have improved pragmatic skills? A. Use of gerunds B. Use of indirect requests C. Use of complex sentences D. Use of abstract adjectives
B. Use of indirect requests
Congenital absence of the external auditory canal is called: A. stenosis B. atresia C. microtia D. minutia
B. atresia
A condition in which the surface tissues of the soft or hard palate fuse but the underlying muscle or bone tissues do not is called: A. Fusion disorder B. submucous or occult cleft palate C. Class III palatal cleft D. Submucosal cleft class IV E. Occult palate class I
B. submucous or occult cleft palate
You are seeing a 6-year-old child, Tyler, with specific language impairment. When you assess Tyler, you find that he has adequate language comprehension. He is able to follow directions, understand vocabulary, and comprehend sentences of appropriate length and complexity for his age. However, his teacher and parents report that he has "no friends" and that they are concerned about his social skills. When you observe Tyler several times on a school playground, in the classroom, and in the school cafeteria, you see that, while he is well behaved and nondisruptive, he does not initiate interactions with others. Treatment should focus on A) Increasing mean length of utterance B) Working on bound morphemes C) Increasing assertiveness in conversation D) Increasing sentence complexity
C) Increasing assertiveness in conversation
Secondary stuttering behaviors provide clinical significance in evaluation of the stuttering in children. Which of the following statements is the most accurate with regard to the significance of secondary behaviors? A) They indicate that the PWS is more likely to stutter as an adult. B) They indicate that the PWS is exhibiting fear or embarrassment. C) They indicate that the PWS is using escape and avoidance behaviors to deal with their stuttering. D) They indicate that the PWS is familial.
C) They indicate that the PWS is using escape and avoidance behaviors to deal with their stuttering.
1. Which one of the following statements is false? A. Speech pathologists should incorporate literacy materials into therapy when appropriate. B. It is important to collaborate with the classroom teacher when working with school-age children with language disorders. C. A child's chronological age, not developmental level, is the most reliable indicator of what treatment goals will be appropriate. D. Through use of the discrete trial procedure, the incidental teaching method teaches functional communication skills to children with language disorders.
C. A child's chronological age, not developmental level, is the most reliable indicator of what treatment goals will be appropriate.
Which is not a primary objective of assessment for patients with disordered consciousness? A. Determine the patient's level of consciousness. B. Get a sense of the nature and severity of the patient's injuries. C. Consider environmental conditions. D. Estimate the patient's physical, behavioral, and cognitive recovery between time of injury and the time of assessment.
C. Consider environmental conditions.
Which type of resonance disorder occurs when sound waves enter the vocal tract but are blocked from exiting? A. Hyponasality B. Diplophonia C. Cul-de-sac resonance D. Hypernasality
C. Cul-de-sac resonance
_________ memory consists of remembering facts and events, and refers to the memories that can be consciously recalled? A. Procedural B. Short Term C. Declarative D. Implicit
C. Declarative
Which evidence-based practice is specifically supported by the behavioral theory on the continuum? A. Responsiveness Training (RT) B. Social Communication, Emotional Regulation, Transactional Support (SCERTS) C. Discrete Trail Training (DTT)
C. Discrete Trail Training (DTT)
Jack is a four year old with a phonetic inventory of /t, d, m, n, p, b/. He manifests the phonological pattern of consonant deletion. In therapy, the most appropriate target word to focus on would be A. Wreath B. Horse C. Map D. Whistle
C. Map
This type of resonance disorder can occur when there is velopharyngeal dysfunction and nasal obstruction: A. Hypernasality B. Assimilative Nasality C. Mixed Resonance D. Pharyngeal cul-de-sac resonance
C. Mixed Resonance
Which branch of the vagus nerve innervates the cricothyroid muscle? a. The superior laryngeal nerve b. Lateral laryngeal nerve c. Recurrent laryngeal nerve d. Pharyngeal branch
a. The superior laryngeal nerve
Which of the following constitutes the major component of an audiologic rehabilitation program for infants with a moderate sensorineural hearing loss? A. Development of cognitive skills B. Development of social skills C. Parent-mediated auditory stimulation D. Gestural stimulation
C. Parent-mediated auditory stimulation
1. Which is not an area targeted when working on executive function? a. Task initiation b. Sustained attention C. Sound-letter recognition
C. Sound-letter recognition
1. Deficits in _____ are the hallmark of primary DLD. A. Pragmatics B. Semantics C. Syntax and morphology D. Metalinguistics
C. Syntax and morphology
When assessing the ability of a student with cerebral palsy to access an augmentative and alternative communication device, which of the following physical factors must be evaluated first? A. Upper extremity range of motion B. Lower extremity strength C. Trunk stability and control D. Fine motor dexterity
C. Trunk stability and control
You are working with an adolescent, Alyssa, who has receptive and expressive language problems. She is getting Ds in most of her classes at the junior high school and has few friends. In therapy, it would be best to target A. increasing auditory memory skills. B. increasing the use of complex sentences containing subordinate clauses. C. increasing social use of language and collaborating with classroom teachers. D. increasing the understanding and use of figurative language.
C. increasing social use of language and collaborating with classroom teachers.
Type of communication used to modify meaning and convey emotion; includes intonation, stress, emphasis, rate of delivery A. sign language B. receptive language C. paralinguistic communicaiton D. cognition
C. paralinguistic communicaiton
the adenoid pad as the child produces nasals /n/ and /m/ In infants and children with cleft palates, eustachian tube dysfunction is probably mostly related to the lack of contraction of the: A. levator veli palatini muscle B. veli palatini muscle C. tensor veli palatini muscle D. palatopharyngeus muscle E. superior constrictor
C. tensor veli palatini muscle
A clinician is working with parents on home language-stimulation activities for their 3-year-old daughter, Hannah, whose language is delayed. Among other things, Hannah needs to increase her expressive language skills to a level more commensurate with her chronological age. Her mean length of utterance is restricted, and her utterances are more typical of a young 2-year-old child. The clinician has recommended that at home, the parents use a technique in which they play with Hannah and describe and comment upon what she is doing and the objects she is interested in. For example, the parents might say, "You are making the car go fast," or "That pig is pink." The parents are using the technique of A) Self-talk B) Expansion C) Expatitiation D) Parallel talk
D) Parallel talk
A technique used by some speech-language pathologists during swallowing assessments, in which a stethoscope is placed over the thyroid cartilage to amplify sounds during swallowing, is called: A. scintigraphy. B. video fluoroscopy. C. endoscopy. D. cervical auscultation.
D. cervical auscultation.
Which of the following speech errors is described by the term "stopping?" A. /dok/ for dog B. /wed/ for red C. /des/ for dress D. /tu/ for Sue
D. /tu/ for Sue
What are some language disorders associated with ADHD? a. Difficulty with social interaction skills, like expressive language b. Not following instructions C. Turn taking and interrupting D. All of the above
D. All of the above
Why does cerebral palsy occur? A. It can occur parentally by rubella, mumps, etc B. It can occur perinatally by a difficult birth C. It can occur postnatally by anoxia, accidents or diseases D. All of the above
D. All of the above
It is generally agreed that tests of English language ability should not be translated for speakers of other languages. Of the following statements in support of this position, which is not true? A. The order in which sounds are acquired and the stages at which they are acquired can vary among languages B. The types of inference from one language upon the other cannot be predicted C. Children may know the labels for items in one language but not the other D. Children acquiring a second language may experience language loss for the first language E.All of the above
D. Children acquiring a second language may experience language loss for the first language
You are serving in a juvenile detention facility and receive a referral of Max, a 16-year-old with documented Fragile X syndrome. Which of the following will you expect to find when you evaluate Max? A. Attention deficits, a large tongue, sleep disturbances, and a high, protruding head B. Speech sound disorder, normal intelligence, expressive language delays, and micrognathia C. Gargoylism, tracheal stenosis, brachycephaly, and hypertonia D. Intellectual disability and delays in pragmatic, semantic, phonologic, and syntactic aspects of language, with syntax being especially affected
D. Intellectual disability and delays in pragmatic, semantic, phonologic, and syntactic aspects of language, with syntax being especially affected
A student nurse was asked which of the following best describes dementia. Which of the following best describes the condition? A. Memory loss occurring as part of the natural consequence of aging. B. Difficulty coping with physical and psychological change. C. Severe cognitive impairment that occurs rapidly. D. Loss of cognitive abilities, impairing ability to perform activities of daily living.
D. Loss of cognitive abilities, impairing ability to perform activities of daily living.
You are conducting an assessment with an incoming kindergartner, Jason. His dad complains that Jason tends to omit word endings. He says things like "sad" instead of "saddest" or "angry" instead of "angrily. He is having difficulty with which aspect of speech? A. Syntax B. Pragmatics C. Semantics D. Morphology
D. Morphology
A clinician is a member of a cleft palate team that asks her to conduct an objective assessment of an 8-year-old child's velopharyngeal mechanism. The clinician decides to do nasopharyngoscopy, where the nasopharyngoscope is passed through the middle meatus and back to the area of velopharyngeal closure. This will enable the clinician to observe the child's A. Adenoid pads and anterior pharyngeal walls as the child prolongs /s/. B. Posterior and lateral pharyngeal walls as well as the adenoid pad as the child sustains /a/. C. Nasal aspect of the velum and the adenoid pad as the child produces CVC words. D. Posterior and lateral pharyngeal walls, as well as the nasal aspect of the velum and the adenoid pad as the child produces sentences. E. Posterior and lateral pharyngeal walls, as well as the nasal aspect of the velum and
D. Posterior and lateral pharyngeal walls, as well as the nasal aspect of the velum and the adenoid pad as the child produces sentences.
The Spanish-speaking parents of a nine-year-old bilingual child report that their child communicated in Spanish with complete utterances and has a good vocabulary in comparison to other children in the neighborhood. Their concern is that the child interrupts their conversations and has not learned social rules that are important within their family and community. Testing confirms similar problems in English-speaking settings. The SLP would most likely recommend that therapy focus on which of the following language areas? A. Syntax B. Morphology C. Semantics D. Pragmatics
D. Pragmatics
A child is referred to you by his preschool teacher. This child, Damien, is 4 years 3 months old and has transferred from out of state. In his previous state, he was reportedly assessed by an SLP who recommended that he receive intervention before kindergarten. According to the report from the previous clinician, Damien uses the phonological patterns of gliding, consonant-cluster reduction, stopping, reduplication, and final-consonant deletion. Your assessment confirms the presence of these phonological patterns. You would begin treatment by addressing A. Final-consonant deletion B. Gliding C. Consonant-Cluster Reduction D. Reduplication
D. Reduplication
Which of the following is not part of a slp's role in tongue thrust or oral myofunctional therapy? A. Working as a team member with a dentist, orthodontist, and physician. B. Evaluating and treating the effects of OMD on swallowing and speech. C. Rest postures. D. Waiting for the pediatrician to take notice.
D. Waiting for the pediatrician to take notice.
Ms. Lopez's articulation errors consist of the following: f/v, ʃ/ʒ, and s/z. On the basis of these errors, the SLP should begin remediation that focuses on A. Manner B. Place C. Fricatives D. Voicing
D. Voicing
According to ASHA recommendations, a child who is admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit should receive a hearing screening A. at 3 months of age B. at 1 year of age C. at 2 years of age D. at 3 years of age E. before discharge from the hospital
E. before discharge from the hospital
Primary symptoms of Parkinson's disease include all of the following except: Bradykinesia Festination Hyperkinesia Cogwheel rigidity
Hyperkinesia
What sign of dysphagia is the most common oral-stage observation when assessing a patient with Parkinson's Disease? Repeated propulsive lingual movements Repeated nonpropulsive lingual movements Lip tremor Left-sided lingual weakness
Repeated nonpropulsive lingual movements
How are formal measures biased against CLD kids? a. They often aren't normed on children with similar linguistic or cultural backgrounds. b. They often aren't in their native language. c. They are standardized to western and eastern, literate middle class. d. They aren't biased and can be used with all children despite their background.
a. They often aren't normed on children with similar linguistic or cultural backgrounds.
True or False: SLPs train components of cognition such as problem solving, sequencing, memory and attention.
True
Which of the following is false: a) ischemic strokes are caused by bleeding in the brain due to ruptured blood vessels b) individuals have a greater chance at surviving an ischemic stroke than a hermorrhagic stroke c) if medical attention is received quickly following the onset of a stroke, someone who has undergone a hemorrhagic stroke will have fewer long-lasting deficits than someone who survives an ischemic stroke d) a transient ischemic attack may predict a future stroke
a) ischemic strokes are caused by bleeding in the brain due to ruptured blood vessels
In order to phonate, the vocal folds must be _________. a. Adducted b. Abducted c. A & B d. None of the above
a. Adducted
What is impedance? a. An acoustic, mechanical, or electrical resistance to motion and sound transmission b. The amount of mass per unit volume c. The product of mass and acceleration d. When the position of air molecules are changed due to the vibratory action of an object
a. An acoustic, mechanical, or electrical resistance to motion and sound transmission
Various objects, pictures, instructions, modeling, prompts, and other stimuli the clinician uses to evoke target responses from clients are called a. Antecedents or treatment stimuli b. Reinforcing stimuli c. Procedural probes d. Baselines
a. Antecedents or treatment stimuli
A child says, "Red crayon." This is an example of which type of semantic relations? a. Attribute + entity b. Action + locative c. Agent + action d. Attribute + locative
a. Attribute + entity
Primary motor innervation to the larynx and velum is provided by which cranial nerve? a. CN X Vagus Nerve b. CN V Trigeminal Nerve c. CN VII Facial Nerve d. CN XII Hypoglossal Nerve
a. CN X Vagus Nerve
The cranial nerve that innervates the larynx and also innervates the levator veli palatini, palatoglossus, and palatopharyngeus muscle is? a. CN X, vagus b. CN V, trigeminal c. CN XI, spinal accessory nerve d. CN VII, facial nerve
a. CN X, vagus
Which cranial nerves are most directly connected with speech and language? a. V, VII, IX, X, XI, and XII b. I, II, VI, XII and X c. V, VII, VIII, X and XII d. III, IV, V, and X
a. V, VII, IX, X, XI, and XII
Baselines a. Help establish the initial (natural) level of clients' behaviors b. Help measure responses that are generalized in natural settings c. May replace probes Are not necessary for evidence-based practice
a. Help establish the initial (natural) level of clients' behaviors
The articulation therapy approach that emphasizes the syllable as the basic unit of speech production and heavily uses the concept of phonetic environment is a. McDonald's sensorimotor approach b. The maximal contrast approach c. The metaphon approach d. Van Riper's traditional approach
a. McDonald's sensorimotor approach
Which would be an appropriate therapy task for a patient in Late Phase TBI? a. Money management tasks b. Card Sorting Task c. Matching Tasks d. Reading a simple passage
a. Money management tasks
In Oller's stages of infant phonological development, reduplicated babbling precedes: a. Nonreduplicated or variegated babbling b. Expansion c. Cooing d. Phonation
a. Nonreduplicated or variegated babbling
When the SLP provides treatment for Rachel to help her become more intelligible, which techniques would probably be ideal for her? (Rachel clutters) a. Reducing Rachel's rate of speech and increasing her awareness of her speech through audiotapes or videotapes b. Reducing Rachel's rate of speech but not increasing her awareness of her speech through audiotapes or videotapes because this could create self-consciousness, which could make cluttering worse c. Help Rachel maintain a rapid rate of speech but working on increasing her intelligibility through emphasizing the final consonants of words d. Probing to see if Rachel has negative emotions (that her mother is unaware of) about her speech and spending most of therapy time helping her deal with these emotions e. Helping Rachel learn to use cancellations, pull-outs, and easy onset of phonation
a. Reducing Rachel's rate of speech and increasing her awareness of her speech through audiotapes or videotapes
What sign of dysphagia is the most common oral-stage observation when assessing a patient with Parkinson's Disease? a. Repeated non-propulsive lingual movements b. Eating quickly and impulsively c. Spilling liquids out of the mouth because of poor labial seal d. Holding food in mouth because of poor sensation
a. Repeated non-propulsive lingual movements
2. A Spanish only speaking child is referred to your clinic for a language evaluation. The language evaluation should be done in: a. Spanish, the child's primary language b. English, the SLP's primary language c. Both Spanish and English d. The child should only be informally assessed
a. Spanish, the child's primary language
1. An activity involving the patient maintaining attention to a card sorting task for 3-5 minutes is targeting which area? a. Sustained attention b. Orientation c. Memory d. Agitation
a. Sustained attention
An example of a sentence using an embedded form would be which of the following? a. The boy, who got a haircut, looks nice b. The girl ate a cookie, three crackers, and some fruit c. Mom and Dad are going to the store to buy some groceries d. Because he was on time, they were happy with him
a. The boy, who got a haircut, looks nice
When targeting self-regulation with a right CVA patient who demonstrates impulsivity and inappropriate comments in structured conversation, a strategy to teach could be.... a. When therapist hears an inappropriate comment, therapist raises a hand to indicate to patient that was inappropriate. Over time, patient will begin to recognize the inappropriate comments themselves and independently correct them. b. Reflect on responses after the conversation based off of memory c. Easy onset upon initiating conversation
a. When therapist hears an inappropriate comment, therapist raises a hand to indicate to patient that was inappropriate. Over time, patient will begin to recognize the inappropriate comments themselves and independently correct them.
A neonate was diagnosed with cleft palate, micrognathia and airway obstruction. Which disorder is the infant most likely experiencing? a. pierre robin sequence b. Cystic fibrosis c. congenital hypothyroidism
a. pierre robin sequence
Minimal word pairs are typically used in phonological treatment in order to a) stabilize phonological patterns in a system b) build awareness of the phonetic realizations of phonological contrasts c) probe generalization of taught sound patterns to words that have not been used in instruction d) facilitate automatic production of words
b) build awareness of the phonetic realizations of phonological contrasts
A patient you are evaluating has difficulty describing and ordering the steps involved with brushing her teeth. You suspect that this patient has difficulty with: a) word-finding b) sequencing c) short-term memory d) attention
b) sequencing
1. What is thought to be the main cause of Alzheimer's Disease? a. Smoking b. Amyloid plaques and tau tangles c. Sedentary lifestyle d. Poorly controlled type 2 diabetes
b. Amyloid plaques and tau tangles
3. When working on feeding therapy, which of the following is an important question to ask to ensure you are providing culturally competent care: a. What food textures does your child enjoy? b. Are there any cultural/religious food restrictions or preferences you would like me to know about? c. How many times a day does your child eat? d. Does your child show any signs of distress, such as facial grimace or coughing/choking when swallowing?
b. Are there any cultural/religious food restrictions or preferences you would like me to know about?
1. Multiple sclerosis (MS) often results in which type of mixed dysarthria? a. Flaccid-spastic dysarthria b. Ataxic-spastic dysarthria c. Hypokinetic-spastic dysarthria d. Flaccid-ataxic dysarthria
b. Ataxic-spastic dysarthria
A patient with a growth on the vocal folds preventing the folds from closing will present with which type of vocal quality? a. Harsh b. Breathy c. Whiny d. Shrill
b. Breathy
Purposeless, random, involuntary movements of body parts associated with hyperkinetic dysarthria is known as a. Myoclonus b. Chorea c. Tics d. Tremors
b. Chorea
How can you differentiate between a difference and a disorder? a. Difference means there are speech and language errors in both languages and disorder is only in one. b. Difference means there are speech and language errors in one language and disorder is in both. c. Differences only include dialects. d. CLD kids cannot be disordered.
b. Difference means there are speech and language errors in one language and disorder is in both.
What property makes it possible for matter to recover its form and volume when subjected to distortion? a. Frequency b. Elasticity c. Amplitude d. Velocity
b. Elasticity
Which Ranchos Levels are primarily associated with a deficit in attention and orientation, as well as PTA (post-traumatic amnesia) early on? a. Early Phase (Levels 1-3) b. Middle Phase (Levels 4-6) c. Late Phase (Levels 7-10) d. None of the above
b. Middle Phase (Levels 4-6)
In sound production treatment for apraxia of speech (Wambaugh, 2004), the type of stimuli used in treatment are: a. Sounds in isolation b. Minimal pairs c. Sounds in syllables d. Multisyllabic words e. Sounds in phrases
b. Minimal pairs
Which assessment would be most appropriate for a patient who is in the Middle Phase (RLA 4-6) of TBI? a. JFK Coma Recovery Scale b. O-Log c. Glasgow Outcome Scale d. Test of Everyday Attention (TEA)
b. O-Log
A young child who often says things like "my doggy" or "her ball" is using the relation of a. Recurrence b. Possession c. Location d. Denial
b. Possession
What is not a strategy used when targeting working memory? a. Writing things down b. Singing c. Repeating back listed items
b. Singing
Kelli is a 10-year-old patient with velopharyngeal dysfunction. She presents with hypernasality, audible nasal emission, and weak pressure for oral consonants. She also displays glottal stops and pharyngeal fricatives. She is in speech therapy, and her parents would like to know what to expect after she has pharyngeal flap surgery next week. Which of the following outcomes is most appropriate for the SLPS to counsel Kelli's parents to expect? a. Surgery should eliminate the glottal stops but not the pharyngeal factors b. Surgery should decrease the hypernasality and audible nasal emission. c. Surgery should eliminate the need for ongoing speech therapy. d. Surgery should decrease hypernasality and nasal emission and eliminate articulation errors.
b. Surgery should decrease the hypernasality and audible nasal emission.
1. The sensorimotor integration of the muscles of the lower face depends on which two of the cranial nerves? a. The accessory and hypoglossal b. The trigeminal and facial c. The vagus and glossopharyngeal d. The phrenic and facial
b. The trigeminal and facial
1A 60-year-old man has Parkinson's disease and is in the early stage of dementia. It would be appropriate to address which of the following goals first in therapy? a. To improve articulation skills b. To educate the family or caregivers c. To decrease jargon d. To decrease circumlocution e. To improve motor skills
b. To educate the family or caregivers
A patient is evaluated for dysphagia and they are found to have an inadequate tongue control during bolus hold. What symptom might you expect to see in this patient as a result of this impairment? a.) delayed pharyngeal swallow b.) oral residue c.) pharyngeal residue b.) anterior loss of bolus
b.) oral residue
During an oral motor exam, you notice flattened nasolabial folds. Which of the following cranial nerves (CN) is most likely damaged? a) CN VIII b) CN XII c) CN VII d) CN X
c) CN VII
A person will decreased skills in executive functions such as problem solving and sequencing might be suspected to have damage in which area of the brain? a) Parietal Lobe b) Temporal Lobe c) Frontal Lobe d) Occipital Lobe
c) Frontal Lobe
A 6-year-old child has difficulty producing both regular and irregular plural forms. Intervention for this problem would best target language at the level of a) syntax b) phonology c) morphology d) semantics
c) morphology
A patient who has recently had a stroke calls a knife a "skeen" as you prompt her with an object naming task. This would be an example of which type of error? a) semantic paraphasia b) perseveration c) neologism d) circumlocution
c) neologism
A 6-year old child produces [t] for /s/, [d] for /z/, [p] for /f/, and [b] for /v/. Intervention for this problem would target language at the level of a) morphology b) syntax c) phonology d) pragmatics e) semantics
c) phonology
A clinician in a hospital setting is asked to evaluate a 64-year-old patient who appears to have dysarthria as a result of a TBI from falling and hitting the back lower portion of his head. A detailed motor speech evaluation shows that the patient presents with slurred speech, imprecise consonants, distorted vowels, slow rate of speech, and excess and even stress. The patient's motor movements are described by the nursing staff as "clumsy" and "uncoordinated." Based on the given information, the clinician would most likely classify the patient's dysarthria as a. Hyperkinetic dysarthria b. Hypokinetic dysarthria c. Ataxic dysarthria d. Flaccid dysarthria
c. Ataxic dysarthria
According to Duffy (2005) the type of dysarthria that is most likely to be confused with apraxia of speech is: a. Hypokinetic dysarthria b. Spastic dysarthria c. Ataxic dysarthria d. Hyperkinetic dysarthria e. Flaccid dysarthria
c. Ataxic dysarthria
The fundamental frequency (F0) of a child's voice undergoes predictable changes from infancy through puberty. Which of the following statements describes these changes most accurately? a. F0 gradually increases throughout childhood, with a sharper increase at the time of puberty that is dependent on gender. b. F0 gradually increases throughout childhood, with a sharp decrease at the time of puberty that is dependent on gender. c. F0 gradually decreases throughout childhood, with a sharper decrease at the time of puberty that is dependent on gender. d. F0 gradually decreases throughout childhood, with a sharp increase at the time of puberty that is dependent on gender.
c. F0 gradually decreases throughout childhood, with a sharper decrease at the time of puberty that is dependent on gender.
Of the following symptoms, the one associated with dysarthria is a. Even and consistent breakdowns in articulation b. Impaired syntactic structures c. Forced inspirations and expirations that interrupt speech d. An invariably slower rate
c. Forced inspirations and expirations that interrupt speech
1. Which of the following dysarthria is associated with Huntington's disease? a. Hypokinetic dysarthria b. Ataxic dysarthria c. Hyperkinetic dysarthria d. Flaccid dysarthria
c. Hyperkinetic dysarthria
Which Ranchos level is appropriate for a patient who is oriented, is able to recall events, who has automatic and appropriate behaviors and requires minimal assistance for daily living skills, but still has decreased abilities compared to prior functioning? a. Level V c. Level VII b. Level VIII d. Level III
c. Level VII
Of the following, which is most important in the treatment of CAS? a. Working on auditory discrimination and auditory perception b. Improving phonological awareness c. Maximizing the number of practice trials per session d. Beginning early to work on pragmatic language e. Working on the three earliest developing sounds in isolation and then in words
c. Maximizing the number of practice trials per session
Mike is a 7-year-old who has demonstrated prolongations and repetitions during speech, as well as evident tension prior to these occurrences. Several of his classmates have noticed his speech differences and have begun teasing him. Due to the tension he feels in anticipation of his speech differences and the anxiety he feels toward his classmates' teasing, Mike has begun to fear speaking in public, and avoids doing so at all opportunities. Which of the following statements is the MOST APPROPRIATE description of this child? a. Mike is at the advanced stuttering stage and would benefit from an in-depth assessment to determine the effects of stuttering on his quality of life b. Mike is at the borderline stuttering stage and would benefit from assessment to determine if he exhibits a speech disorder c. Mike is at the intermediate stuttering stage and would benefit from assessment to determine the effect of stuttering on his classwork d. Mike is not demonstrating behaviors congruent with stuttering and would benefit from teacher intervention to reduce the occurrence of bullying
c. Mike is at the intermediate stuttering stage and would benefit from assessment to determine the effect of stuttering on his classwork
If a test is being evaluated to see whether responses to the items on the first half of the test correlate with responses to the items on the second half of the test, then the test is being evaluated for a. Test-retest reliability b. Interjudge reliability c. Split-half reliability d. Parallel form reliability
c. Split-half reliability
In early-stage Cortical Dementia, individuals will display which of the following? a. Disorientation to time/place/person b. Lack of affect c. Subtle memory changes d. Paranoid delusions
c. Subtle memory changes
What is one IDEA mandate for CLD kids? a. Testing must be provided in a language or mode in which child is at lease mildly familiar. b. Interpreters for students and their families are not required but encouraged. c. Testing must not be racially or culturally discriminatory. d. Multicultural education doesn't need to be considered
c. Testing must not be racially or culturally discriminatory.
A patient recovering from a TBI who makes sounds or smile with no apparent cause, may briefly move eyes toward people, may startle, is unable to follow instructions, and shows no purposeful movement or communication is in which stage of consciousness? a. Minimally conscious state b. Unconscious state c. Vegetative state d. Coma
c. Vegetative state
1. A bilingual child is referred to you for a suspected language disorder. When you assess the child, you notice they appear typically developing in their first language, but not in the other. This child has a: a. language disorder b. phonological processing disorder c. language difference d. dialect
c. language difference
Which of the following formants typically characterizes a high vowel? a. high-frequency second formant (F2) b. high-frequency first formant (F1) c. low-frequency first formant (F1) d. low-frequency second formant (F2)
c. low-frequency first formant (F1)
Hyolaryngeal excursion begins during which phase of the swallow? a.) oral preparatory b.) oral c.) pharyngeal d.) esophageal
c.) pharyngeal
A patient has weak velopharyngeal elevation that is impacting their swallowing. What phase of the swallow is this impacting and what symptom might you expect to see? a.) oral phase- oral reside b.) pharyngeal phase- weak pharyngeal contraction c.) pharyngeal phase- nasal penetration d.) oral preparatory phase- anterior bolus loss
c.) pharyngeal phase- nasal penetration
You are evaluating a new patient who has suffered a CVA which affected the posterior third of the temporal gyrus in the left hemisphere of the brain. You observe severe anomia, circumlocution, intact grammatical structures, poor repetition, and speech with normal prosody. You provide a differential diagnosis of _________________. a) broca's aphasia b) transcortical sensory aphasia c) mixed aphasia d) wernicke's aphasia
d) wernicke's aphasia
1. Which of the following are characteristics of Frontotemporal Dementia? a. Notable behavior changes b. Emotional disturbance c. Impaired judgement d. All of the above
d. All of the above
A new 80-year-old patient has reported that he has manifested the following symptoms: general awareness of his speech problems; significant articulation problems; problems with volitional speech with relatively intact automatic speech; more difficulty with consonants than vowels; intonation and fluency problems; and trial-and error groping and struggling associated with speech attempts. This patient most likely has a. Hyperkinetic dysarthria b. Unilateral upper motor neuron dysarthria c. Right-hemisphere syndrome d. Apraxia of speech e. Dementia of the Alzheimer's Type
d. Apraxia of speech
1. Treatment targets for Apraxia of speech may include a. Improve articulation accuracy by over emphasizing each articulatory movement b. Simultaneous production by the clinician and the client c. Slow speech rate d. Repeated trials on the same target responses e. All of the above
e. All of the above
A mother calls a clinician and shares concerns about her child's speech. according to the mother her daughter, Rachel, is difficult to understand. The mother describes Rachel's speech as "sort of rushed, and kind of stutters sometimes." The clinician who tests Rachel concludes that Rachel clutters. Based upon this diagnosis, one would expect to see that Rachel a. Has a rapid rate of speech but is intelligible and is probably secretly anxious about her speech b. Is dysfluent but has clear articulation and no spoonerisms c. Has excellent language skills, is not anxious about her speech, and is highly dysfluent with not articulation problems d. Has a lack of anxiety or concern about her speech; uses spoonerisms; and has rapid, disordered articulations, resulting in unintelligible speech e. Avoids speech and most speaking situations
d. Has a lack of anxiety or concern about her speech; uses spoonerisms; and has rapid, disordered articulations, resulting in unintelligible speech
Which of the following dysarthria is associated with Parkinson's disease? a. Spastic b. Flaccid c. Hyperkinetic d. Hypokinetic
d. Hypokinetic
SLP's may work with children with ADHD on three general areas to improve performance in school. These include all of the following EXCEPT a. Auditory processing b. Pragmatics c. Expressive language organization d. Motor speech
d. Motor speech
Velocity is measured in terms of: a. The distance between two peaks of a graph b. The distance between the centerline of a function and the top or bottom of the function c. The mass of a substance per volume d. The frequency of a wave times the wavelength
d. The frequency of a wave times the wavelength
The pressure between the visceral pleura and the parietal pleura is ________. a. negative on exhalation b. positive on exhalation c. always positive d. always negative
d. always negative
NICU SLP's (or newborn development specialists) support the family and infant with issues regarding: a. Feeding and oral-motor development b. Hearing and conservation and aural habilitation c. Infant development and behavior d. Caregiver-child communication e. All of the above
e. All of the above