Pre and Care Topic 19-25

What is the main artery to carry blood to the knee? What two nerves carry impulses to the knee?

The popliteal artery. The two nerves are the tibial nerve and the common peroneal nerve.

In meniscal tears close to the periphery, what might you expect for the chances of complete healing? Why?

There is a better chance for complete healing because there is good blood supply around the periphery.

Thomas test

Tight Hip Flexors

Name two structural causes of chronic medial shin pain.

Varus foot and a tight heel cord are two structural causes of chronic medial shin pain.

Homans test

deep vein thrombosis in calf. positive if deep burning in calf

kleigers test

distal tib/fib ligament

talar tilt test

inversion (CF ligament) eversion (deltoid ligament)

Valgus stress test

lateral side, MCL. looking for pain or laxity

postural observation of the lower leg, ankle and foot

looking at foot structure

Varus stress test

medial side, LCL. pain or laxity

Apprehension Test

patellar dislocation or subluxation. positive if the lateral movement causes pain or apprehension

FABER test (Patrick's test)

(Flexion, Abduction, External Rotation) Tight hip flexors, SI joint, hip abnormality, illiopsoas

Describe the difference between a spondylolysis and a spondylolisthesis.

-Spondylolysis is a degeneration of the vertebrae and, more commonly, a defect in the parsinterarticularis. This condition is often attributed to congenital weakness, an the defect occurs as a stress fracture. It is more common among boys. -Spondylolisthesis's highest incidence is with L5 slipping on S1, which is referred to as a step deformity.

Name 2 reasons the Lachman test become the preferred test by many over the anterior drawer test at 90 degrees of flexion?

-Using it immediately after an injury is that it does not force the knee into the painful 90-degree position but tests it at a more comfortable 20 to 30 degrees. -It reduces the restriction created by the hamstring muscles.

According to NATA Position Statement: Commotio Cordis, name three suggestions to help prevent commotion cordis.

1. Educate coaches, parents, officials, and players in the recognition of the mechanism and the signs and symptoms of commotio cordis. 2. Encourage all coaches and officials to become trained in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), automatic external defibrillator (AED) use, and first aid. 3. Proper placement and access of automatic external defibrillator (AED) units at athletic facilities.

Name three recommendations from the NATA Position Statement: Head-Down Contact and Spearing in Tackle Football.

1. The athlete should know, understand, and appreciate the risk of making head-down contact, regardless of intent 2. Initiating contact with the shoulder/chest while keeping the head up is the safest way to play football. 3. Correct contact technique should be taught at the earliest organized level.

lachmans test

ACL, 30 degree flexion, anterior glide

anterior drawer test

ACL, 90 degrees. (positive if pain or sudden stopping)

anterior drawer test (foot)

ATF ligament

Thompson test

Achilles tendon rupture. positive if there is no plantar flexion when squeezed

Describe what injury is commonly referred to as a "burner" or "stinger" and how it occurs.

Brachial Plexus Neuropraxia is the injury that is commonly referred to as a "burner" or "stinger." It is the most common of all cervical neurological injuries and it occurs by the stretching of the brachial plexus when the neck is forced laterally to the opposite while the shoulder is depressed.

Trendelenburg Test

Gluteus medius weakness

Why do hamstring strains often become recurrent?

Hamstring strains tend to recur as a result of the inelastic fibrous scar tissue that sometimes forms during the healing process of the initial strain.

How would you treat osteitis pubis?

I would treat it by having the athlete rest, take anti-inflammatory agents and then a gradual return back to activity.

Name the capsular ligaments holding the femoral head into the hip socket.

Iliofemoral, pubofemoral and ischiofemoral ligaments

What is Kehr's Sign?

Indications include a history of a severe blow to the abdomen and possibly signs of schock, abdominal rigidity, nausea, and vomiting. There may be reflex pain occuring approximately 30 minutes after injury, called Kehr's sign, which radiates to the left shoulder and one-third of the way down the left arm.

What disease predisposes the spleen to blunt trauma and may enlarge and weaken the spleen?

Infectious mononucleosis is the most likely causes of spleen enlargement.

Ballotable test

Joint diffusion (swelling w/in the knee)

McMurray's Test

Meniscus, Force into flexion (Valgus + varus, IR + ER)

Apely's compression test

Meniscus. lay prone, knee up in 90 degree flexion, push down and do IR and ER

Posterior drawer test

PCL (positive if no sharp end feel)

Posterior Sag test

PCL. Visual test to see if tibial tuberosity 'dips'

Postural observation of the thigh hip and pelvis

PSIS, ASIS, iliac crest, lean?, limp?

Where does the most common acute fracture of the foot occur? Where does the most common stress fracture of the foot occur?

The most common location for an acute fracture on the foot is to the diaphysis at the base of the fifth metatarsal, it is called a Jones fracture. The most common stress fracture of the foot occurs to the shaft of the second metatarsal, also called a march fracture.

Name the 6 muscles of the thigh that cross the hip and the knee (two joint muscles).

Sartorius Rectus Femoris Biceps Femoris Semimembranosus Semitendonsis Gracilis

What is the general rule for any suspected internal injury?

Suspect it to be life threatening

What symptoms or conditions may be a direct result of a hemothorax?

Symptoms or conditions that may be a direct result of hemothorax include severe pain during breathing, syspnea, coughing up of frothy blood, signs of shock or cyanosis.

Piriformis test

Test is positive if tightness and pain, pinched sciatic nerve?

What are the various arches of the foot? What are their functions?

The Metatarsal arch, the transverse arch, the medial longitudinal arch, and the lateral longitudinal arch. The metatarsal arch is shaped by the distal heads of the metatarsals. The arch has a semivoid appearance, stretching from the first to fifth metatarsal. The transverse arch gives protection to soft tissue and increases the foots mobility. The medial longitudinal arch orginiates along the medial border of the calcaneus and extends forward to the distal head of the first metatarsal. The lateral longitudinal arch is on the outer aspect of the foot and follows the same pattern as that of the medial longitudinal arch. The arches functions are to assist the foot in supporting the body weight, providing a space on the plantar part of the foot for the blood vessels, nerves and muscles and also to absorb the shock

What is the main function of the intervertebral disk?

The disks act as important shock absorbers for the spine.

what is the mechanism of injury to the distal anterior tibiofibular ligament? What is this injury typically called?

The mechanism of injury to the distal anterior tibiofibular ligament.is Hyperdorsiflexion and external rotation of the foot. This injury is typically called a syndesmotic sprain/ a high ankle sprain/ a sprain of the anterior tibiofibular ligament.

The anterior cruciate ligament is most vulnerable to injury when it is in a position of:

the knee close to extension, a valgus force, anterior shear, and internal rotation of the tibia.

postural observation of the knee

valgum, varus, patella tracking,