Pre-Exam Quiz #1: Chapters 1, 3, 29, and 4

Red blood cells (RBCs) have been placed in three different solutions: hypotonic, hypertonic, isotonic. What is the condition of the RBC in solution "B"?

Crenated

Which type of gland does not have ducts?

Endocrine

Which type of gland releases products by secretion into the blood?

Endocrine

The environment outside the plasma membrane is most appropriately referred to as __________.

extracellular

The time between cell divisions is called __________.

interphase

Pinocytosis

involves ingestion of liquids rather than particles.

In humans, somatic cells have __________ chromosomes, while reproductive cells (gametes) have __________.

46; 23

Here is a figure showing major body cavities and other structures. What does "D" represent?

Abdominal Cavity

Indicate the functions that apply to epithelial tissue. (Check all that apply.) Acting as a barrier Connecting tissue to each other Contraction in response to stimulation Secretion of substances

Acting as a barrier Connecting tissue to each other Secretion of substances

This type of tissue is composed of closely packed adipocytes and forms a protective cushion around organs, insulate the body, and serves as an energy reserve.

Adipose tissue

Plasma membrane phospholipids

All of the choices are correct: have polar phosphate heads. have nonpolar fatty acid tails. form a bilayer. create a selectively permeable barrier.

Which of the following is an example of incomplete dominance?

Beta thalassemia

Which of the following is CORRECTLY matched with its description?Cell identity molecules - are primarily steroids Receptor proteins - move specific ions or molecules using ATP Carrier proteins - move bound ions or molecules from one side of the membrane to the other Channel proteins - catalyze chemical reactions inside the cell Peripheral proteins - penetrate the lipid bilayer from one surface to the other

Carrier proteins - move bound ions or molecules from one side of the membrane to the other

Here is a figure showing major body cavities and other structures. What does "B" represent?

Diaphragm

True or False? The duct of an endocrine gland leads into the bloodstream rather than onto an epithelial surface.

False

Which type of connective tissue is found between the vertebrae?

Fibrocartilage

Red blood cells (RBCs) have been placed in three different solutions: hypotonic, hypertonic, isotonic. What is the condition of the RBC in solution "C"?

Hemolyzed

Which term means that a person posses two different alleles at a particular locus?

Heterozygous

Red blood cells (RBCs) have been placed in three different solutions: hypotonic, hypertonic, isotonic. What is solution "B" relative to the RBC?

Hypertonic solution

Red blood cells (RBCs) have been placed in three different solutions: hypotonic, hypertonic, isotonic. What is solution "C" relative to the RBC?

Hypotonic

Directional terms are important in the study of anatomy. What does "E" represent?

Inferior

Portions of pre-mRNA that do NOT code for parts of a protein are called __________.

Introns, start codons, and stop codons code for parts of a protein.

Red blood cells (RBCs) have been placed in three different solutions: hypotonic, hypertonic, isotonic. What is solution "A" relative to the RBC?

Isotonic

Directional terms are important in the study of anatomy. What does "D" represent?

Lateral

Directional terms are important in the study of anatomy. What does "B" represent?

Left

Which type of membrane proteins allow cells to identify one another?

Marker molecules

Directional terms are important in the study of anatomy. What does "C" represent?

Median/Medial

Here is a figure showing major body cavities and other structures. What does "A" represent?

Mediastinum

Which type of exocrine gland uses exocytosis to secrete its product?

Merocrine

Which organelle produces most of the cell's energy?

Mitochondria

Which of the following is NOT consistent with active transport? Exhibits competition and saturation Movement is with a concentration gradient Involves a carrier Movement is against a concentration gradient Uses cell energy

Movement is with a concentration gradient

Here is a figure showing major body cavities and other structures. What does "E" represent?

Pelvic Cavity

Which of the following are symptoms of inflammation?

Redness, heat, and pain

Directional terms are important in the study of anatomy. What does "A" represent?

Right

Which of the following is a function of epithelial tissue? Support of other tissue types Contraction Shock absorption Secretion and absorption of molecules Conduction of action potentials

Secretion and absorption of molecules

__________ epithelium is associated with rapid transport of substances through a membrane, whereas __________ epithelium is associated with resistance to abrasion.

Simple squamous; stratified squamous

Joshua has had a portion of his liver removed. His physician is confident that Joshua will improve because the liver will regenerate. How is this possible?

Stabile cells of the liver are able to divide and replace the removed liver tissue.

Which type of epithelial tissue is found in the mouth?

Stratified squamous epithelium

Here is a figure showing major body cavities and other structures. What does "C" represent?

Thoracic Cavity

A DNA base sequence is A T G C C G. The sequence of bases in a strand of mRNA transcribed from this sequence of bases in DNA would be

U A C G G C.

Which of the following genotypes will result in a male?

XY

Dense regular collagenous connective tissue would be found in

a ligament

Which of the following structures is most like the receptor of a homeostatic control mechanism? a. The mechanism that detects a decrease in tire pressure on an automobile b. All of the choices are correct. c. The heating element of a hot water heater d. The mechanism that opens the automatic door at the local grocery store

a. The mechanism that detects a decrease in tire pressure on an automobile

The cavity of the body immediately inferior to the diaphragm is the __________ cavity.

abdominal

The movement of molecules against their concentration gradient is called __________.

active transport

In _______, ions or molecules move in opposite directions.

antiport

An example of a highly vascular tissue is __________ tissue. An example of a tissue that is not highly vascular is __________.

areolar; cartilage

Chromosomes that are NOT associated with sex determination are known as __________.

autosomes

The sternal region is commonly known as the __________.

breastbone

The gluteal region is commonly known as the __________.

buttock

The sural region is the __________.

calf

Type AB of the ABO blood group is an example of __________.

codominance

Support, attachment of tissues, cushioning and protection are examples of functions for __________ tissue.

connective

The movement of a substance from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration is called __________.

diffusion

The plane that cuts the body lengthwise and separates the body into anterior and posterior portions is called __________.

frontal

An organism's genetic makeup is its __________, while its physical appearance is its __________.

genotype; phenotype

The inguinal region is commonly known as the __________.

groin

Unlike an exocrine gland, an endocrine gland

has no ducts.

If a 0.9% NaCl (saline) solution is isotonic to a cell, then a solution of 3.5% NaCl would be

hypertonic to the cell.

When the dominant allele does not completely mask the effects of the recessive allele in the heterozygote, it is called __________.

incomplete dominance

The anatomical term that means "away from the midline of the body" is __________.

lateral

The intracellular digestive organelle of a cell is the __________.

lysosome

The extracellular material of tissues is called __________.

matrix

Blood glucose concentration rises after a meal and stimulates the pancreas to release the hormone insulin. Insulin travels in the blood and stimulates the uptake of glucose by body cells from the bloodstream, thus reducing blood glucose concentration. This is an example of _________.

negative feedback

The "control center" of the cell is the __________.

nucleus

In the process of diffusion, net movement of substances is always from a region

of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration.

The plasma membrane is selectively permeable. This means

only certain substances can pass through it.

The predominant lipid in the cell membrane is a __________.

phospholipid

When more than one gene pair affects a particular trait expression, this is called __________.

polygenic

A person's height, intelligence, eye color, and skin color are examples of __________.

polygenic traits

Blood pressure decreases below normal levels.→ Blood flow to the heart decreases → Heart is unable to pump as much blood.→ Blood pressure decreases even more. This is an example of __________ feedback.

positive

A term that means "toward the attached end of a limb" is __________.

proximal

The shoulder is __________ to the elbow.

proximal

Suturing a large wound

reduces risk of infection and helps to heal faster.

In a negative feedback mechanism, the response of the effector ____

reverses the original stimulus.

Glands whose ducts have no branches are called __________.

simple

The epidermis of the skin is composed of

stratified squamous epithelium.

The RNA molecule that is synthesized in the nucleus from a DNA template is __________.

tRNA

A cell is

the basic structural unit of living organisms.

Medial means

toward the middle or midline of the body.