Pre-Lab APR Urinary System

List the urine-producing structures in the correct order.

-Glomerular capsule -Proximal convoluted tubule -Nephron loop -Distal convoluted tubule -Collecting duct

What composes a nephron?

A renal corpuscle and a renal tubule

Name the blood vessel that delivers blood to each glomerulus.

Afferent arteriole

Complete the following sentences and then place them in order to describe blood flow into, through, and out of the kidney.

Blood first enters the kidney through the renal artery, which is a branch of the aorta. This major artery gives off several branches that repeatedly divide until the final branch, afferent arteriole, which leads into the nephron. This arteriole leads into a capillary bed called the glomerulus, the site of filtration. Blood leaves the capillary bed through the efferent arteriole, which leads into another capillary bed called the peritubular capillaries. After the capillary bed, the veins merge into large vessels that lead into the one renal vein leaving the kidney, which drains into the inferior vena cava.

Place the labels in order, following the flow of blood through the kidney.

Renal artery Interlobar artery Arcuate artery Cortical radiate artery Afferent arteriole Glomerular capillaries Efferent arterioles Peritubular capillaries Cortical radiate vein Arcuate vein Interlobar vein Renal vein

Consider a blood-borne molecule that is filtered from the blood and excreted in the urine. Place the following structures, associated with urine formation and excretion, in correct order, following the molecule on its path from the blood to excretion in the urine.

Renal artery Afferent arteriole Glomerulus Renal tubules Collecting duct Minor and major calyx Renal pelvis Ureter Urinary bladder Urethra

Complete the sentences describing the male urethra. Then arrange the sentences in order, following the flow of urine through the urethra.

The prostatic urethra is a short segment that passes through a reproductive organ. It receives secretions from two ejaculatory ducts. The membranous urethra passes through the pelvic floor. The penile urethra is the longest part of the male urethra. Urine exits the urethra via the external urethral orifice.

Complete each statement describing the structure of a nephron. Then place the sentences in the order of structures through which tubular fluid will flow.

The renal corpuscle consists of a capillary bed called the glomerulus and a capsule of epithelial cells. The hydrostatic pressure of blood forces water and solutes out of the blood and into the capsule. Glomerular filtrate collects in the capsular space before entering the first portion of the renal tubule, called the proximal tubule. After flowing through the proximal tubule, fluid enters the nephron loop which extends toward the renal papilla. Fluid in the distal tubule would flow into a collecting duct

Complete the sentences describing regions of the kidney. Then place the sentences in order describing regions from superficial to deep.

The renal cortex is the layer that contains the capillary beds that function to filter the blood, called glomeruli. Most renal tubules are located in this layer. The renal medulla is the layer that contains the descending and ascending limbs of the nephron loop that function in water and sodium reabsorption. The renal sinus is the hollow portion of the kidney, filled with vessels, the renal calyces, and the renal pelvis.

Complete the sentences describing the urinary bladder. Then arrange the sentences in order from superficial to deep, with the deep layer closest to the lumen of the bladder. Start with the general description sentence.

The urinary bladder is a hollow organ that functions to store urine. The parietal peritoneum forms the serous coat on the outer surface of the bladder. The detrusor muscle is part of the muscular coat layer of the bladder. This tissue contracts to help expel urine from the bladder. The submucous coat of the urinary bladder is a layer of connective tissue that contains blood vessels and nerves. The transitional epithelium of the urinary bladder lines the lumen and prevents urine from diffusing from the lumen. The epithelium is part of the mucous coat.

What tube-like structure carries urine from the kidney to the bladder?

Ureter

The kidneys are located retroperitoneally. This means they are __________ the peritoneum.

behind

The major regions of the kidney are the outer region, called the __________, and the inner region, called the __________.

cortex; medulla

Define incontinence.

inability to control urination

The external urethral sphincter is __________ muscle.

skeletal